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During the early years of World War II, American ships crossing the Atlantic with oil and supplies were virtually defenseless against German U-boats. Bombs and torpedoes fitted with TNT barely made a dent in the tough steel plating that covered the hulls of Axis submarines and ships. Then, seemingly overnight, a top-secret, $100 million plant appeared near Kingsport, Tennessee, manufacturing a sugar-white substance called Research Department Explosive (code name RDX). Behind thirty-eight miles of fencing, thousands of men and women synthesized 23,000 tons of RDX each month. Twice as deadly as TNT and overshadowed only by the atomic bomb, this ordnance proved to be pivotal in the Battle of the Atlantic and directly contributed to the Allied victory in WWII.In The Secret History of RDX, Colin F. Baxter documents the journey of the super-explosive from conceptualization at Woolwich Arsenal in England to mass production at Holston Ordnance Works in east Tennessee. He examines the debates between RDX advocates and their opponents and explores the use of the explosive in the bomber war over Germany, in the naval war in the Atlantic, and as a key element in the trigger device of the atomic bomb.Drawing on archival records and interviews with individuals who worked at the Kingsport "powder plant" from 1942 to 1945, Baxter illuminates both the explosive's military significance and its impact on the lives of ordinary Americans involved in the war industry. Much more than a technical account, this study assesses the social and economic impact of the military-industrial complex on small communities on the home front. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1163/thumbnail.jpg

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This study goal was to first determine the baseline Global Forecast System (GFS) skill in forecasting borderline (non-bomb:0.75-0.95, bomb: 1.-1.25) bomb events, and second to determine if machine learning (ML) techniques as a post-processor can improve the forecasts. This was accomplished by using the Tempest Extreme cyclone tracking software and ERA5 analysis to develop a case list during the period of October to March for the years 2008-2021. Based on the case list, GFS 24-hour forecasts of atmospheric base state variables in 10-degree by 10-degree cyclone center subdomains was compressed using S-mode Principal Component Analysis. A genetic algorithm was then used to determine the best predictors. These predictors were then used to train a logistic regression as a baseline ML skill and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Both the logistic regression and SVM provided an improved bias over the GFS baseline skill, but only the logistic regression improved skill.

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This thesis deals with the prohibition of torture in international law. The prohibition of torture is considered one of the fundamental values of democratic states, it is an absolute right and a part of customary international law and such a rule of conduct from which we can under no circumstances deviate. Although it might seem that this topic is not too current, the opposite is true. The violation of the prohibition of torture is almost worldwide. The inspiration and impetus to select this topic for me was the situation about the U.S. war against terror and torture of prisoners at U.S. military bases. The work is divided into two blocks. The first part is a theoretical question, which aims to define the very concept of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment and their relationship and to map the universal and particular international mechanisms in which the prohibition of torture is established. In this respect, the important document is the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which is the only universal document that provides a precise definition of torture. The aim of the first part was also to describe how the control mechanisms checked in compliance with the prohibition of torture in the world. The second...

A Alemanha iniciou o século XX com uma posição influente na comunidade científica mundial, o que é evidenciado na quantidade de Prêmios Nobel e nas descobertas realizadas no país, por alemães e estrangeiros que fizeram carreira por lá. Esse estado de coisas poderia ter mudado após o final da Primeira Guerra Mundial, quando a fragilidade da Alemanha era evidente, agravada pelas duras condições impostas pelos Aliados. Porém, o período conhecido como República de Weimar conheceu uma grande produção em vários campos, com destaque para a Física, que continuou a sua trajetória ascendente. A ascensão dos Nacional-Socialistas, em 1933, foi responsável por uma grande involução do papel alemão no cenário científico mundial desde o primeiro ano de seu governo, por meio de demissões, perseguições e outros atos. O início da Segunda Guerra Mundial magnificou esse estado de coisas. Em meio a tudo isso, é iniciado um Projeto Atômico, com o objetivo de construir uma arma de destruição em massa de alcance quase inimaginável. O Projeto não desenvolve tal arma a tempo de ser utilizada durante a guerra, mas a Alemanha desenvolve uma tradição sólida nas áreas da ciência e tecnologia nuclear. / Germany started the 21st century at a privileged status in the world science community, what is proven in the amount of Nobel Prizes and discoveries carried out in the country, by Germans and foreigners who pursued their careers there. Such state of things could have changed after the end of World War I, when Germany´s weakness was evident, increased by the harsh conditions imposed by the Allies. Nevertheless, the period known as Weimar´s Republic faced a great production in various fields, including Physics, which kept its ascending trajectory. The National-Socialists seizure of power, in 1933, was responsible for a major involution of the German status in the world science scenario from the first year of their government, by means of dismissals, harassment and other actions. The start of World War II magnified this situation. Amidst all that, an Atomic Project began, aimed at building a mass destruction weapon of an almost unthinkable reach. The Project does not develop the weapon in time to be used during the war, but Germany develops a solid tradition in the fields of Nuclear Science and Technology.

A Alemanha iniciou o século XX com uma posição influente na comunidade científica mundial, o que é evidenciado na quantidade de Prêmios Nobel e nas descobertas realizadas no país, por alemães e estrangeiros que fizeram carreira por lá. Esse estado de coisas poderia ter mudado após o final da Primeira Guerra Mundial, quando a fragilidade da Alemanha era evidente, agravada pelas duras condições impostas pelos Aliados. Porém, o período conhecido como República de Weimar conheceu uma grande produção em vários campos, com destaque para a Física, que continuou a sua trajetória ascendente. A ascensão dos Nacional-Socialistas, em 1933, foi responsável por uma grande involução do papel alemão no cenário científico mundial desde o primeiro ano de seu governo, por meio de demissões, perseguições e outros atos. O início da Segunda Guerra Mundial magnificou esse estado de coisas. Em meio a tudo isso, é iniciado um Projeto Atômico, com o objetivo de construir uma arma de destruição em massa de alcance quase inimaginável. O Projeto não desenvolve tal arma a tempo de ser utilizada durante a guerra, mas a Alemanha desenvolve uma tradição sólida nas áreas da ciência e tecnologia nuclear. / Germany started the 21st century at a privileged status in the world science community, what is proven in the amount of Nobel Prizes and discoveries carried out in the country, by Germans and foreigners who pursued their careers there. Such state of things could have changed after the end of World War I, when Germany´s weakness was evident, increased by the harsh conditions imposed by the Allies. Nevertheless, the period known as Weimar´s Republic faced a great production in various fields, including Physics, which kept its ascending trajectory. The National-Socialists seizure of power, in 1933, was responsible for a major involution of the German status in the world science scenario from the first year of their government, by means of dismissals, harassment and other actions. The start of World War II magnified this situation. Amidst all that, an Atomic Project began, aimed at building a mass destruction weapon of an almost unthinkable reach. The Project does not develop the weapon in time to be used during the war, but Germany develops a solid tradition in the fields of Nuclear Science and Technology.

In this thesis, the different aspects of trauma are discussed at length while looking at the French New Wave Film directed by Alain Resnais, Hiroshima, Mon Amour. Through this film, I discuss how language shapes testimonies of traumatic events and if this shaping of language can possibly be seen in the film itself. Furthermore, I discuss if there is merit to looking at a work of art as an accurate depiction of historical trauma.