No / Within the academic career literature, disabled academics are under-researched, despite calls for career theory development through the exploration of marginalized groups' career experiences and the boundaries which shape these experiences. Here, boundaries refer to the symbolic resources which become reified to construct social boundaries shaping what is and is not possible in career contexts. This article contributes to the advancement of academic career theory by enabling insights into impairment effects as an embodied career boundary for disabled academics and outlining how experiences of impairment effects and disabled academics' agency are entangled with their career context and organizational members' responses. Impairment effects shape career choices and opportunities, by being negated, and/or influencing expectations of employers to provide inclusive contexts which acknowledge impairment effects as a legitimate organizing principle. However this recognition of impairment as a legitimate organizing principle is not always reciprocated, with implications for disabled academics' careers.

Yes / The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework represents a significant advance in specifying the ecological constraints on human development. However, to enable decision-makers in business and public policy to respect these constraints in strategic planning, the PB framework needs to be developed to generate practical tools. With this objective in mind, we analyse the recent literature and highlight three major scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the PB approach in decision-making: first, identification of thresholds or boundaries with associated metrics for different geographical scales; second, the need to frame approaches to allocate fair shares in the 'safe operating space' bounded by the PBs across the value chain and; third, the need for international bodies to co-ordinate the implementation of the measures needed to respect the Planetary Boundaries. For the first two of these challenges, we consider how they might be addressed for four PBs: climate change, freshwater use, biosphere integrity and chemical pollution and other novel entities. Four key opportunities are identified: (1) development of a common system of metrics that can be applied consistently at and across different scales; (2) setting 'distance from boundary' measures that can be applied at different scales; (3) development of global, preferably open-source, databases and models; and (4) advancing understanding of the interactions between the different PBs. Addressing the scientific and technical challenges in operationalizing the planetary boundaries needs be complemented with progress in addressing the equity and ethical issues in allocating the safe operating space between companies and sectors.

Yes / Purpose: Circular economy is presented as an approach to economic growth that is in line with sustainable development. However, the recent literature has highlighted the limits of the concept in terms of environmental sustainability. The study examines the relationship between circular economy and conservation of ecosystems, using a case study on the implications of a circular economy for Slovak forests and forest sector. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a qualitative methodology through a focused review of the relevant literature on circular economy and sustainable development and primary data gathered through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and practitioners in the forest sector, forest conservation and circular economy context, both from within as well as outside of Slovakia. Findings: The study finds that the forestry sector has an important role to play in a shift to a circular economy in Slovakia, with significant opportunities for improved efficiency as well as substitution of wood for non-renewable resources. There is also growing potential for ecosystem stewardship and restoration. However, the increased application of biomass could crowd out other needs, including for biodiversity. Safeguarding these services depends ultimately on good governance. Originality/value: The study highlights that circular economy taken in a narrow focus on resource efficiency is insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability but rather needs to be set within the broader environmental and social context.

This qualitative research addressed systems psychodynamic consultation to boundary management. The systemic, dynamic and chaotic aspects of organisational life formed the backdrop against which the research was conducted. The general objective of the research was to describe a relevant consulting model for organisational consulting psychologists related to boundary management. Literature was reviewed in order to describe organisational consulting and organisational boundaries from the systems psychodynamic perspective. Key principles for boundary management consulting were also described. The objectives of the empirical study were to apply psychodynamic consulting to boundary management and to describe the process. A further objective was to produce research hypotheses about boundary management from both an organisational and a consulting perspective. A case study design was followed. Descriptive data was gathered by means of a participative observer. The data was analysed by means of systems psychodynamic discourse analysis. Ten working hypothesis were produced. These hypotheses culminated into two research hypotheses, describing the primary task of boundary management and boundary management consulting. The first research hypothesis was that the primary task of boundary management is to hold the polarities of integration and differentiation, not allowing the system to become fragmented or overly integrated. The second research hypothesis was that the primary task of the consultant in boundary management consulting is to help the organisation’s managing its own boundaries. This is carried out through taking up the role of organisational consultant, performing the consulting tasks and by applying a consulting process. The researcher concluded that boundary management is an activity of the whole organisation. Boundary management consulting facilitates or supports this organisational activity.

Des groupes de femmes et d'enfants mendient aux carrefours de la capitale iranienne. Ces individus sont systématiquement méprisés et appelés sous le terme vague et général de Kowli (bohémien, Tsigane), tandis qu'ils font partie d'un groupe ethnique et d'une communauté linguistique, méconnus entièrement par les Iraniens et les universitaires. Cette étude entame pour la première fois une recherche ethnographique de ce groupe "péripatétique", qui se nomme, Gorbat, voulant dire : le pays étranger, l'exile. Quelles sont les origines de cet ethnonyme et les modes de son appropriation par ce groupe ? Comment ce groupe survit-il culturellement ? Comment entretient-il ses frontières avec la société majoritaire et d'autres communautés minoritaires ? Cette étude s'est concentrée sur l'un des groupements de ce groupe ethnique, originaire de la ville de Babol au nord de l'Iran. Elle propose comme porte d'entrée à la vision du monde des Gorbat de Babol, l'analyse de la pratique d'aduri.Il s'agit d'une étape incontournable dans la vie de tous les jeunes gorbat de Babol.Cette étape consiste en le travail de la mendicité (aduri) pratiquée quotidiennement par tous les enfants, aux carrefours de Téhéran, et sous la surveillance d'au moins l'une des femmes de leur lignage. Cette pratique engage donc certains liens de parenté et met notamment en exergue la structure patrilinéaire du lignage gorbat. Elle révèle, à son tour, l'importance de cette structure dans l'imbrication identitaire de l'individu. La pratique d'aduri est décrite d'après le concept de Clifford Geertz ; « thick descriptions ». Chaque strate de signification menant à la production, l'aperception et l'interprétation du comportement significatif (ici l'aduri) est décrite et mise en examen. Cette analyse minutieuse ouvre la vision sur une lecture dramaturgique de la mendicité, à la manière de "social drama" de Victor Turner. La mendicité se réalisant dans une forme de rite et d'une manière dramaturgique, le cadre culturel et les symboles qui le constituent surgissent à un niveau visible de l'interaction sociale entre l'individu gorbat et l'individu non-gorbat. Ce phénomène s'impose comme un évènement central dans la vie sociale gorbat et la construction de l'identité communautaire de l'individu. Il est dès lors impossible d'observer la société gorbat, prise isolément. L'autre (le non-gorbat) y est constamment présent. Comme paradigme sociologique, et à la suite de la théorie d'"ethnic boundaries" de Fredrik Barth, cette étude suggère d'observer la société gorbat à travers les rapports qu'elle entretient avec le non-gorbat. Or, ces rapports ne s'expliquent pas seulement par l'économie, ni par la politique mais par le culturel. L'identité et l'altérité se jouent au niveau des interactions sociales de la vie quotidienne, donc en oscillation entre deux cadres moraux et deux systèmes de valeurs. C'est dans un va-et-vient entre deux sphères de construction et de déconstruction de sens que se dessinent ces rapports à soi et à l'autre. C'est au niveau intermédiaire entre les deux sphères qu'il est possible d'observer les points de divergence, ainsi que les sphères où le gorbat ne fait qu'un avec la société globale. / Groups of women and children beg regularly at intersections in the Iranian capital. These individuals are commonly despised and referred to as Kowli (Bohemian Gypsy), while they are part of an ethnic group and a linguistic community, completely ignored by the Iranians and scholars. This study introduces for the first time an ethnographic research of this "peripatetic" group named, Gorbat, meaning: the foreign country, the exile. What are the origins of this ethnonym ?How this group have come to take this name? How does he survive culturally? How does he keep its borders with the global society and other minorities? This study focuses on one of the agglomeration of this ethnic group, originally from the city of Babol in northern Iran. It offers a gateway to the world view of Gorbat of Babol, through the study of a relevant step in the life of every young Babolian Gorbat.This step consists of begging (aduri) practiced daily by all children, at the crossroads of Tehran, under the supervision of at least one of the women of their lineage. This practice therefore reveals certain kinship relations and highlights in particular the structure of the patrilineal lineage in the Gorbat community. It also reveals the importance of this structure in the embedded identity of the individual. The practice of aduri is described according to the concept of Clifford Geertz; "Thick descriptions". Each stratum of meaning leading to the production, perception and interpretation of significant behaviour (here aduri) is described and analysed. This meticulous analysis opens our vision to a dramatic view of begging, in the sense that Victor Turner employs this paradigm in "anthropology of performance". Begging is performed as a rite and produces a drama through which the cultural framework and symbols engaged become visible in the social interaction between the Gorbat and the non-gorbat. This phenomenon emerges as a central event in the social life of the Gorbat and the construction of the collective identity of the individual. It is therefore impossible to observe the Gorbat society in isolation.The other (non-gorbat) is constantly present. As sociological paradigm, and following the theory of "ethnic boundaries" by Fredrik Barth, this study suggests to observe the Gorbat society through its relations with the non-gorbat. However, these relations are not only based on economy nor on politics but on cultural features.The identity and otherness are defined through social interactions of everyday life, by oscillation between two moral frameworks and two value systems. It is through this back-and-forth between two spheres of construction and deconstruction of meaning that the definition of self and of the other emerges. This is at this intermediate level between the two spheres that it becomes possible to observe the points of divergence, but also the spheres where the Gorbat is unified with the global society.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Comparative Literature, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

This qualitative research addressed systems psychodynamic consultation to boundary management. The systemic, dynamic and chaotic aspects of organisational life formed the backdrop against which the research was conducted. The general objective of the research was to describe a relevant consulting model for organisational consulting psychologists related to boundary management. Literature was reviewed in order to describe organisational consulting and organisational boundaries from the systems psychodynamic perspective. Key principles for boundary management consulting were also described. The objectives of the empirical study were to apply psychodynamic consulting to boundary management and to describe the process. A further objective was to produce research hypotheses about boundary management from both an organisational and a consulting perspective. A case study design was followed. Descriptive data was gathered by means of a participative observer. The data was analysed by means of systems psychodynamic discourse analysis. Ten working hypothesis were produced. These hypotheses culminated into two research hypotheses, describing the primary task of boundary management and boundary management consulting. The first research hypothesis was that the primary task of boundary management is to hold the polarities of integration and differentiation, not allowing the system to become fragmented or overly integrated. The second research hypothesis was that the primary task of the consultant in boundary management consulting is to help the organisation’s managing its own boundaries. This is carried out through taking up the role of organisational consultant, performing the consulting tasks and by applying a consulting process. The researcher concluded that boundary management is an activity of the whole organisation. Boundary management consulting facilitates or supports this organisational activity.

The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyse the development of the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan, the effect of their respective outlooks upon the various proposals for settlement brought forward by the United Nations or their own leaders, and the reasons for each subsequent failure to resolve the eighteen year deadlock. Twelve years ago, Michael Brecher concluded in The Struggle for Kashmir that both India and Pakistan had economic, strategic and political interests in the State; and of the three, those brought about by the two-nation theory and the conflicting religious and secular policies were deemed to be the most important. While one cannot disagree with Brecher's general conclusions, this writer feels that the specific importance of Kashmir to either India or Pakistan at any given time is not a constant factor but instead has been influenced by contemporary foreign and domestic events and has been in a perpetual state of change. What was considered of primary importance in 1947, therefore, does not necessarily hold the same position today. Indeed, to single out one factor as the reason for the continuation of the dispute would not only be inopportune, but incorrect. Because of the very nature of the dispute and its international and domestic.characteristics, one is faced by a plethora of material - including White Papers on correspondence; over one hundred Security Council debates; many pamphlets and some thousands of diplomatic newsletters. It has been necessary, therefore, to sift through all available evidence and to extract only that which is pertinent to the topic. It must be realized that because of the importance of Kashmir to both India and Pakistan;, all the information from governmental sources or written by their nationals contains the type of material calculated to present their case in the best possible light. Thus it becomes necessary in many cases - the Pathan incursions in October 1947, the Jinnah-Mountbatten talks and the Mohammed All-Nehru discussions, and the essence of the Nehru-Sheikh Abdullah proposals for federation - to read between the lines in order to trace developments. In the early stages of the dispute, one can sympathize with Pakistan's claim to Kashmir and her efforts to obtain a "free and impartial plebiscite." Unlike India, she accepted every practical proposal brought forward to settle the dispute. Although neither India nor Pakistan produced a statesman capable of resolving the deadlock, the former Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, must be singled out as the major contributor to the continuation of the dispute. It was not that his actions were incomparable with his Pakistani counterparts; but rather that as a statesman of such magnitude, willing to solve the world's problems - with or without invitation he could adopt a self-righteous "Babu" attitude when dealing with the State. Indeed, Nehru appears to have become emotionally incapable of treating Pakistan as an equal; hence the dispute continued in deadlock. India's intransigence has continued in open defiance of the United Nations and in complete contradiction to her earlier promises for self-determination in Kashmir. Notwithstanding the fact that Pakistan, in her effort to gain international support for her Kashmir policy, has virtually talked - herself out of any claim to the State, one can now sympathize with the Indian position. It is not that India is more right today than eighteen years ago, but rather that her interest in the State - originally a prestige issue - has now degenerated to the point where a plebiscite could possibly mean her internal collapse through the onslaught of communalism. She accepted and held Kashmir as a showplace for secularism and for the prestige offered by its geographic location; today she controls a monster within which could lie the seeds of her own destruction. The point of view taken in this thesis, therefore, is that the existing stalemate appears to be the only practical solution to the Kashmir dilemma, and that history may prove Nehru's negative attitude towards Kashmir to have been correct. Nevertheless, it is significant to note that the voice of Kashmiri nationalism has yet to be taken into account. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Den biologiska mångfalden är hotad och det beror troligtvis på antropogena störningar. Detta på grund av att människan exploaterar jordens resurser som bland annat skapar klimatförändringar och förändringar i habitat. Människan är beroende av många ekosystemtjänster så som pollinering, men det råder delade meningar kring hur stor betydelse mångfald har för människan. Planetary Boundaries är ett perspektiv/ramverk som utgår från människans behov, för att sätta upp gränser för olika system på jorden. Det finns nio stycken olika Planetary Boundaries varav Biologisk mångfald är en. Syftet med studien är att undersöka ramverket Planetary Boundaries och belysa kritik, kunskapsluckor och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Studien syftar även till att göra en fördjupad undersökning specifikt gällande Förlust av biologisk mångfald. I denna studie har vi utfört textanalyser där vi analyserar ramverket utifrån våra egna iakttagelser och från vad andra forskare har framför för kritik, kunskapsluckor och utvecklingsmöjligheter för Planetary Boundaries. Utifrån textanalyserna har flera olika teman identifierats. En av de slutsatser vi kunnat dra från studien är att det finns en problematik kring ramverkets avgränsningar. Flera av de studerade artiklarna ansåg att den stora skala som ramverket utgår ifrån försvårar användandet av ramverket på en sub-global nivå. Enligt oss råder det även en inkonsekvens kring ramverkets möjlighet att appliceras på lokal och regional nivå och att detta bör förtydligas. Sociala aspekter bör även inkluderas i ramverket då det grundar sig på ett mänskligt perspektiv. Slutligen, ramverket hanterar komplexa system som troligtvis aldrig kommer kunna redovisa en fullständig bild av jordsystemen. / The world's biodiversity is threatened and it is most likely because of anthropogenic impact. In a world where human exploits the earth's resources and thus make climate change and alterations to habitats. Mankind is dependent of a lot of ecosystem services such as pollination, but there's a difference in opinion how big of a dependency mankind have for biodiversity. Planetary Boundaries is a framework that derives from the needs of mankind and creates limitations on different earth-system processes. There are nine different Planetary Boundaries and biodiversity is one of them. The purpose of the study is to examine the Planetary Boundaries framework and to highlight critique, knowledge gaps and potentialities. The study also aims at doing an in depth research specifically regarding loss of biodiversity. In this study we attempt to find criticism, knowledge gaps and potentialities for Planetary Boundaries. This by conducting text analyses based on research that analyze the framework and through analyzing the framework ourselves. Based on the text analyses several themes have been identified. Several conclusions could be drawn from the study. One of them illustrates the problem regarding the delimitations of the framework. Several of the analyzed articles also considered the large scale that the framework is based on complicates the use of the framework at a sub-global level. According to us, there is also an inconsistency about the framework's ability to apply at local and regional level and thus needs clarification. Since the framework is based on human perspectives social aspects should also be included. Finally, due to the complexity of the systems included in the framework it will probably never be able to present a complete picture of the earth systems.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om och vilka anpassningar i hemmet människor har gjort för att arbeta hemifrån under pandemin covid-19. Dessutom undersöks huruvida detta i sådant fall påverkat upplevelser av och känslor för hemmet. Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod som tillämpats genom 15 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med människor som berörts av Folkhälsomyndighetens allmänna råd om att arbeta hemifrån. Resultaten från intervjuerna belyses ur ett teoretiskt ramverk som baseras på en modell för platsers betydelse samt boundary management theory vilket innefattar taktiker för gränsdragningar i hemmet. Resultatet visar att människor har anpassat sina hem och även sig själva. Dels har de anpassat sina hem fysiskt med objekt som förknippas med kontorsarbete, dels har människors tidsperspektiv påverkats och temporala strategier har använts. Hemmets nyskapade dualism i form av att vara både hem och arbetsplats har påverkat människors känslor på olika sätt. Sammantaget har hemmet upplevts som positivt i samband med hemarbete, men inte uteslutande.