Japanese fathers residing abroad have not been given much attention in Japanese scholarship. In this study, I examine how Japanese fathers in the United States negotiate between Japanese and American cultural expectations regarding fatherhood. Relying on a symbolic interactionist perspective, and through qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with 24 Japanese fathers who live in the United States for business, I focus on the men's culture, conduct, and self-identification. My interviews suggest that Japanese fathers who temporarily stay in the United States usually adhere to Japanese culture and, accordingly, live up to Japanese expectations of fatherhood. Thus, paternal modifications influenced by expectations from close associates are due not to their embracing American fatherhood, but rather to their "situational adjustment." Ultimately, this is a study of cognitive boundaries and of how people decide to internalize cultural expectations different than their own.

Pregnancy, a human phenomenon experienced throughout the world and throughout history, has been largely ignored by the philosophical community. A preference for the abnormal and the extraordinary has left this common yet challenging process on the sidelines of philosophical discussion. Pregnancy stands as a significant challenge to many of our intuitions about the self, particularly those concerning the boundaries, plurality and diachronic identity of the self. Because of this, pregnancy necessitates a theory of the self which does not merely uphold our usual assumptions about the self. Daniel Dennett presents a theory of the self which meets this criterion. He argues that the self is a centre of narrative gravity: an abstract, theoretical entity which is useful for the explanation and prediction of an individual’s behaviour. Dennett’s theory, though provocative, lacks a basis in typical human experience. He relies primarily on thought experiments and extraordinary conditions to support his theory. To demonstrate the applicability and generality of this theory, it must be tested against a common, natural human occurrence like pregnancy. In this paper we explore the application of Daniel Dennett’s theory of the narrative self to the experience of pregnancy. This application yields a double result. Dennett’s theory is bolstered by a demonstration of its generality and applicability, and the experience of pregnancy is placed into a context in which it can be validated and understood.

Though often overlooked, unilateralism as a foreign policy approach deserves to be studied, even in the case of Canada, a country that has developed a reputation as a staunch defender of its opposite, multilateralism. This thesis studies does precisely that, and is prompted, by a proposition recently put forward by Allan Gotlieb, the former Canadian Ambassador to the United States, that, when other methods have proven ineffective, unilateralism has been a very real option for Canada. The thesis explores the validity of Gotliebs claim by examining three cases cited by Gotlieb as examples of a unilateral approach taken by Canada: the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act in 1970, its declaration of straight baselines around the Arctic Archipelago in 1985, and the so-called Turbot War launched by enforcement of amendments to the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act in 1995. Were these in fact cases of determined unilateralism, prompted as Gotlieb argues, by a basic need to defend the most basic of Canadas core interests, its territorial sovereignty? <p>Further investigation of the cases cited by Gotlieb reveals that he is correct in one sense but not in another. In all of the cases Canada undeniably acted unilaterally. But Gotliebs analysis misses the larger reality that the three initiatives were pursued within a framework of multilateralism. Canada acted unilaterally not simply for the purpose of protecting Canadas territorial integrity, but in the hopes of reinvigorating a multilateral process.

Syftet med denna studie är att via tre kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka gränsdragningen mellan privat och offentlig sfär på Internet ur ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv. Huvudfrågorna lyder; ”Finns det en gräns mellan privat och offentligt på Internet och var går i sådana fall den?”; ”Vad är det människor vill skydda från insyn och varför?” samt ”Hur stor är medvetenheten kring privat sekretess på Internet?” Studien innefattar bland annat en historisk överblick om hur privat och offentlig sfär utvecklats genom åren och hur dagens arenor till stor del överlappar varandra. Fokus ligger på den ständiga gränsdragningen kring privat och offentlighet i vardagen och hur individer uppträder online, hur de där formar sina roller och sin identitet och där G. H. Meads teorier om I och Me och den generaliserade Andre såväl som Foucaults panoptikon aktualiseras. Resultatet av denna undersökning tyder på att det inte finns någon definitiv gräns mellan privat och offentligt, utan individen baserar sitt gränsdragande på en rad faktorer som exempelvis livssituation, samhällets normer samt kommersiell yttre påverkan. Medvetenheten om sekretess hos deltagarna tycks tämligen stor. / Name of paper: Regarding Boundaries at the Digital Arena - A qualitative study concerning Private and Public on the Internet  The purpose of this study is to explore the boundaries between private and public sphere on the Internet based on three interviews. The main questions are: “Is there a border between private and public sphere on the Internet and in that case, where?”; “What do people want to protect from prying eyes and why?” and “How widespread is the awareness of personal privacy on the Internet?”  Theory includes a historical overview of how the private and public sphere has developed over the years and how they today seem to overlap. Everyday life decisions about where to draw the lines are here being examined along with how people behave online and how they form their identities. G. H. Meads theories on I and Me and the significant others as well as Foucault’s understanding of panopticon are also brought up. The result of this survey shows that there is no definite line between private and public and that individuals instead base their borders on factors such as situation in life, social norms and external commercial influences. The participants also show a large awareness concerning secrecy.

Syftet med denna D-uppsats är att undersöka hur den nya betoningen på arbetslinjen påverkat rehabiliteringsarbetet för långtidssjukskrivna med psykisk ohälsa samt arbetets målsättning att öka de sjukskrivnas ”anställbarhet”. Utöver detta ämnar vi även se hur gränsdragningen mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och Försäkringskassan gällande individernas anställbarhet formas i praktiken. Vi har valt att genomföra en fallstudie med hjälp av kvalitativa djupintervjuer från det relevanta projektet och problematiserat dessa empiriska resultat med teoretiska perspektiv passande för vårt problemområde. Studien bygger på dominerande teorier inom området anställbarhet och domänkonflikter men har även inslag av teorier ifrån områden såsom strukturfunktionalism. Arbetslinjens betoning i socialförsäkringspolitiken antyder en förändrad mentalitet rörande hanteringen av långtidssjukskrivna, framför allt med psykisk ohälsa. Försäkringskassan och Arbetsförmedlingen arbetar med olika förutsättningar för att nå liknande mål vilket kan resultera i domänkonflikter rörande vad som karaktäriserar en anställbar respektive icke-anställbar individ. I projektet har man genom dialog med projektmedlemmarna konkretiserat de individuella dimensionerna av begreppet anställbarhet genom framväxten av en modell – den s.k. SMAK-modellen. Den nya betoningen på arbetslinjen resulterar i ett hårdare rehabiliteringsklimat för de långtidssjukskrivna i kontakt med Försäkringskassan samt en ansvarsförskjutning rörande deras ohälsa. Projektet i fråga har med hjälp av den framväxande modellen SMAK givit begreppet anställbarhet en praktisk innebörd för deltagarna. Gränsdragningen mellan de två myndigheterna med anställbarhet som vattendelare kan verka problematisk med de två skilda målsättningarna som myndigheterna har och då ingen myndighet formellt har huvudansvaret för en individs rehabilitering, dock har inte vår fallstudie kunnat påvisa att dessa problem varit rådande för det studerade projektet. / The purpose of this thesis is to illuminate the new emphasis on the swedish work model and it’s results in the rehabilitation work preformed in the swedish social security agency with the aim of increasing the patients “employability”. Apart from this we also intend to study the establishing of boundaries between the social security agency and the unemployment agency when it comes to a person working capacity and the practical formation of individual employability. We have chosen to conduct an empirical survey through a qualitative case study. This case study has been made through several interviews with project members. We have then analyzed these results in relation to theoretical perspectives we view relevant for our area of study. The thesis is based on dominating theories in the area of rehabilitation and social roles but also has certain influence from theories deriving from the establishing of boundaries and the conflicts arising between the boundaries. The emphasis of the work model in swedish social security signals a changed mentality in the rehabilitation of the sick-listed, especially those suffering from mental disorders. The social security and unemployment agencies work under different conditions and with different aims which in turn can lead to conflicts in regards to their areas of responsibility. In the studied project the staff has, through dialogue, preformed a concrete approach as to what characterizes the individual dimensions of employability through the emergence of the so-called SMAK-model. The new accentuation on the aforementioned work model has resulted in a harsher climate for the sick-listed as well as a relocation of the responsibility affiliated with their sickness. The studied project has, with the help of the SMAK-model, given the debated term ”employability” a practical significance of individual dimension for the participants of the project. The formation of boundaries between the two agencies can seem problematic in regards to their different aims and fields of expertise and lack of formal responsibility for the rehabilitation of an individual, yet we have not been able to decipher any such problems existing in our studied project.

This paper deals with the question of whether the symbolic language of the late Neolithic and middle Bronze Age was transferred from ceremonial monuments and barrows into the domestic sphere in the late Bronze Age. I will consider such elements as doorway orientation, the significance of boundaries and depositional practices to see if Early-Middle Iron Age settlements were indeed a major scene for ritual behaviour.

The aim of this study is to point out variations of practices in the relationship between professionals of service occupations and their clients. The material consists of four openly conducted thematic interviews with male professionals who work in the environment of their clients' homes.The main theoretical approach of this analysisis undertaken with ethnicity in mind.The practices identified aim to throw light on the boundaries between the differing cultures of professionals and their clients.The analytical termsboundary reduction and boundary maintenanceare used in this research. The two-stage analysis points out different practicesused, in chronological order, during contact between professionals and their clients. This is followed by a statement of the themes which connect, primarily fromthe professional perspective. The results indicate an intimate connection between intercultural and transcultural aspects through the use of cultural transparancy, which is a strategy connecting different roles, aswell as use of loophole tacticsthat afford the possibility of definingspace, place and relationship. It's illustrated how the professionals operate from "within the structures and worldview" of the client, and this analysis also reveals a glimpse of the potential for cultural changein the meeting between different cultures.

The aim of this study is to understand the class character of the new middle class,that is defined as white-collar workers through the bulk of the class literature. To achieve this aim, two sets of research questions, operating both on the objective and subjective levels, have been developed. The first set of questions are / &ldquo / What are the objective conditions (such as economic capital, cultural capital,gender/age composition and class background) of the people who belong to the new middle class defined as white-collars according to structural definitions in Ankara? How are those conditions differentiated within this new middle class category?&rdquo / Those questions are tried to be answered by conducting a secondary analysis to an already existing three-generational representative database for Ankara By taking the quantitative analysis as a base, second set of questions that aim to scrutinize how this heterogeneity in terms of economic/cultural capital and class background are reflected on the subjective level, has been developed. Therefore interviews are held with 31 people in Ayranci neighborhood so as to answer to the following questions: &ldquo / How people who belong to the new middle class, defined as white-collars according to structural definitions, experience their class position? and what elements, in what ways affect their class experience/class practices?&rdquo / In the light of the interviews that question the &ldquo / social space of lifestyle&rdquo / &ndash / composed of daily life practices- and &ldquo / social relations&rdquo / &ndash / analyzed by the content and nature of the drawn symbolic boundaries- four new middle class milieus &ndash / which are highly dispersed among the habitus map of Bourdieu- are identified. The overall study highlights how it is problematic to attribute certain values, lifestyles and attitudes, which are the molders of the class experience, to the whole new middle class category that is defined within the occupational structure.

Periodic and chaotic dynamical systems follow deterministic equations such as Newton's laws of motion. To distinguish the difference between two systems, the initial conditions have an important role. Chaotic behaviors or dynamics are characterized by sensitivity to initial conditions. Mathematically, a chaotic system is defined as a system very sensitive to initial conditions. A small difference in initial conditions causes unpredictability in the final outcome. If error is measured from the initial state, the relative error grows exponentially. Prediction becomes impossible and finally, chaotic systems can come to become stochastic system. To make chaotic motion, the number of variables in the system should be above three and there should be non-linear terms coupling several of the variables in the equation of motion. Phase space is defined as the space spanned by the coordinate and velocity vectors. In our case, mixing zone is phase space. With the above characteristics - the initial condition sensitivity of a chaotic system, our plan is to find most efficient chaotic stirrer. In this thesis, we present four methods to measure mixing state based on the chaotic dynamics theory. The Lyapunov exponent is a measure of the sensitivity to initial conditions and can be used to calculate chaotic strength. We can decide the chaotic state with one real number and measure efficiency of the chaotic mixer and find the optimum frequency. The Poincare section method provides a means for viewing the phase space diagram so that the motion is observed periodically. To do this, the trajectory is sectioned at regular intervals. With the Poincare section method, we can find 'islands' considered as bad mixed zones so that the mixing state can be measured qualitatively. With the chaotic dynamics theory, the initial length of the interface can grow exponentially in a chaotic system. We will show the above characteristics of the chaotic system to prove as fact that our model is an efficient chaotic mixer. The final goal for making chaotic stirrer is how to implement efficient dispersed particles. The box counting method is focused on measurement of the particles dispersing state. We use snap shots of the mixing process and with these snap shots, we devise a plan to measure particles' dispersing rate using the box-counting method.

<p>Syftet med denna D-uppsats är att undersöka hur den nya betoningen på arbetslinjen påverkat rehabiliteringsarbetet för långtidssjukskrivna med psykisk ohälsa samt arbetets målsättning att öka de sjukskrivnas ”anställbarhet”. Utöver detta ämnar vi även se hur gränsdragningen mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och Försäkringskassan gällande individernas anställbarhet formas i praktiken. Vi har valt att genomföra en fallstudie med hjälp av kvalitativa djupintervjuer från det relevanta projektet och problematiserat dessa empiriska resultat med teoretiska perspektiv passande för vårt problemområde.</p><p>Studien bygger på dominerande teorier inom området anställbarhet och domänkonflikter men har även inslag av teorier ifrån områden såsom strukturfunktionalism. Arbetslinjens betoning i socialförsäkringspolitiken antyder en förändrad mentalitet rörande hanteringen av långtidssjukskrivna, framför allt med psykisk ohälsa. Försäkringskassan och Arbetsförmedlingen arbetar med olika förutsättningar för att nå liknande mål vilket kan resultera i domänkonflikter rörande vad som karaktäriserar en anställbar respektive icke-anställbar individ. I projektet har man genom dialog med projektmedlemmarna konkretiserat de individuella dimensionerna av begreppet anställbarhet genom framväxten av en modell – den s.k. SMAK-modellen.</p><p>Den nya betoningen på arbetslinjen resulterar i ett hårdare rehabiliteringsklimat för de långtidssjukskrivna i kontakt med Försäkringskassan samt en ansvarsförskjutning rörande deras ohälsa. Projektet i fråga har med hjälp av den framväxande modellen SMAK givit begreppet anställbarhet en praktisk innebörd för deltagarna. Gränsdragningen mellan de två myndigheterna med anställbarhet som vattendelare kan verka problematisk med de två skilda målsättningarna som myndigheterna har och då ingen myndighet formellt har huvudansvaret för en individs rehabilitering, dock har inte vår fallstudie kunnat påvisa att dessa problem varit rådande för det studerade projektet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to illuminate the new emphasis on the swedish work model and it’s results in the rehabilitation work preformed in the swedish social security agency with the aim of increasing the patients “employability”. Apart from this we also intend to study the establishing of boundaries between the social security agency and the unemployment agency when it comes to a person working capacity and the practical formation of individual employability.</p><p>We have chosen to conduct an empirical survey through a qualitative case study. This case study has been made through several interviews with project members. We have then analyzed these results in relation to theoretical perspectives we view relevant for our area of study.</p><p>The thesis is based on dominating theories in the area of rehabilitation and social roles but also has certain influence from theories deriving from the establishing of boundaries and the conflicts arising between the boundaries.</p><p>The emphasis of the work model in swedish social security signals a changed mentality in the rehabilitation of the sick-listed, especially those suffering from mental disorders. The social security and unemployment agencies work under different conditions and with different aims which in turn can lead to conflicts in regards to their areas of responsibility. In the studied project the staff has, through dialogue, preformed a concrete approach as to what characterizes the individual dimensions of employability through the emergence of the so-called SMAK-model.</p><p>The new accentuation on the aforementioned work model has resulted in a harsher climate for the sick-listed as well as a relocation of the responsibility affiliated with their sickness. The studied project has, with the help of the SMAK-model, given the debated term ”employability” a practical significance of individual dimension for the participants of the project. The formation of boundaries between the two agencies can seem problematic in regards to their different aims and fields of expertise and lack of formal responsibility for the rehabilitation of an individual, yet we have not been able to decipher any such problems existing in our studied project.</p>