In this paper, the fesibility of using a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as a sensing scheme to detect the underwater acoustic signals is analyzed. When a FBG is disturbed by an underwater sound, the wavelength of the FBG is changed. Therefore, the central spectrum of the reflected light is shifted according to the wavelength change of the FBG. This spectrum can be detected by an imbalanced two-arm interferometer. Its transfer function will be studied. Also, the polarization induced signal fading of those two-arm interferometers will be studied.

Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 111 p. and map. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110).

A humidity fiber optic sensor based on phase-shifted (PS) Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is demonstrated. Compared to the standard FBG sensors, the peak of the PS-FBG slips into 2 narrow peaks and forms a sharp dip in the middle. As a result, the resolution of the measurement will be higher. The sensors used in the experiments were fabricated by coating the PS-FBG surface with a moisture-sensitive polyimide and is based on the strain effect caused by the swelling of the coating after moisture absorption. The same trend seen in a standard FBG sensor can be achieved, but with higher measurement resolution in environments differing by humidity and temperature. This thesis presents simulation and measurement results, including sensitivity and response time, of the PS-FBG sensor approach for humidity sensing, as compared to the standard FBG sensors. Stability and hysteresis are also discussed.

Pressure within the esophagus arises from two mechanisms: intrabolus pressure, which is a hydrodynamic phenomenon, and esophageal occlusion pressure, which is a contact phenomenon. Current esophageal manometers are sensitive to both hydrodynamic and contact pressures and cannot distinguish between the two measurements in the absence of other information. It has been shown that measurement of intrabolus pressure is a clinically relevant parameter in esophageal manometry. There is no single device available that can obtain this measurement directly. This work presents a novel fibre optic-based flexible catheter for high resolution manometry with sensing pods that can be selectively sensitized to either hydrodynamic pressure alone, or contact and hydrodynamic pressure, offering sensing schemes not possible with existing high resolution manometers. The catheter is designed to be used with a time division multiplexing interrogation technique, yielding a system capable of exceeding the 36-sensor count limit of current solid state manometers. The device consists of rigid sensing pods connected by flexible tubing with in-fiber Bragg gratings acting as sensing elements within each of the pods. Absent in each sensing pod are rigid anchor points, representing a novel departure from comparable designs and resulting in increased sensitivity and decoupling from axial loading. Device functionality is demonstrated through bench top trials. A pressure sensitivity of 1.8 pm/mmHg and axial sensitivity of 11 mmHg/N of applied load is demonstrated. Crosstalk between individual sensors is characterized and a compensation scheme is developed and validated. Temperature response is demonstrated to be linear such that its confounding can be corrected for procedurally. Sensing schemes afforded by this design may yield clinically relevant parameters not achievable by any single existing device. / Graduate

Zugl.: Hamburg, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2006

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Hamburg, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110). Also available as a full text .pdf file at Marshall University.

Το θέμα το οποίο πραγματεύεται η παρούσα διπλωματική είναι οι αισθητήρες οπτικών ινών με φράγματα Bragg προσδιορίζοντας τον δείκτη διάθλασης του περιβάλλοντος υγρού κατά τη βύθιση του οπτικού αισθητήρα μέσα σε αυτό. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο θα γίνει αρχικά μια ανάλυση των οπτικών ινών αφού θα αναφερθούν ο τρόπος λειτουργίας τους, οι τύποι οπτικών ινών που υπάρχουν, πλεονεκτήματα και μειονεκτήματα που παρουσιάζουν αλλά και ο λόγος που οδηγήθηκε η τεχνολογία στην κατασκευή τους. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται τα γενικά χαρακτηριστικά, δηλαδή ο τρόπος κατασκευής καθώς επίσης και ο τρόπος λειτουργίας των φραγμάτων Bragg. Αναφέρονται τα διάφορα είδη φραγμάτων Bragg που υπάρχουν και οι μηχανισμοί φωτοευαισθησίας τους. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο δίνεται έμφαση στη χρήση των φραγμάτων Bragg σαν αισθητήρες ταυτοποίησης της φύσης των υγρών στα οποία εισάγονται οι αισθητήρες αλλά και σαν αισθητήρες μέτρησης στάθμης υγρών. Τα φράγματα Bragg χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως και σαν αισθητήρες πίεσης, θερμοκρασίας, ροής, μετατόπισης στάθμης υγρών, χημικής ταυτοποίησης, PH, ηλεκτρικών πεδίων, μαγνητικών πεδίων καθώς και άλλων φυσικών μεγεθών. Ακόμα γίνεται μια περιγραφή της διαδικασίας χημικής απογύμνωσης (etching), καθώς επίσης και τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά και τρόπους λειτουργίας της πηγής φωτός που χρησιμοποιήθηκε, η οποία είναι ένας ενισχυτής Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier –EDFA. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται τα αποτελέσματα των προσομοιώσεων που έγιναν με τη χρήση του προγράμματος COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2. Οι προσομοιώσεις έγιναν για διαφορετικές τιμές δεικτών διάθλασης μιας ποικιλίας υγρών. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται το πειραματικό μέρος της ειδικής ερευνητικής εργασίας. Παρουσιάζονται η πειραματική διάταξη και τα πειραματικά δεδομένα που ελήφθησαν στο εργαστήριο Laser, καθώς επίσης και τα σχετικά σχόλια σύγκρισης με τα αποτελέσματα των αντίστοιχων προσομοιώσεων που έγιναν. / -

Este trabalho apresenta a análise temporal do deslocamento do comprimento de onda de Bragg baseada na teoria da elastodinâmica linear e na teoria viscoelástica. As soluções exatas para o modelo de uma fibra engastada são encontradas a fim de estimar a máxima velocidade de sintonização quando forças de tração são aplicadas na extremidade livre da fibra. É feita a comparação entre a fibra monomodo de sílica e a fibra monomodo polimérica mostrando as diferenças do tempo de resposta, velocidade de sintonização e deslocamento de onda de Bragg quando a mesma carga longitudinal é aplicada. Também apresenta a resposta transiente e permanente para o método Modos Assumidos, com aplicação potencial em estruturas submetidas a cargas harmônicas longitudinais, com massa e rigidez concentradas e seção transversal variável. Usando a combinação entre os métodos modos assumidos e matriz de transferência, simulações foram feitas para um modulador acusto-óptico, baseado em redes de Bragg em fibra, quando uma carga harmônica é aplicada. O espectro resultante e a duração do regime transiente são calculados e comparados com resultados experimentais relatados na literatura. Além disso, este trabalho apresenta um sintonizador de redes de Bragg, baseado no princípio da mola de entalhe, que permite a magnificação do deslocamento provocado por um atuador piezoelétrico através da tração em um pedaço de fibra. O tempo de resposta é encontrado experimentalmente para diferentes casos de amortecimento. / This work presents the time analysis of the Bragg wavelength shift in fiber gratings based on the elastodynamics theory and viscoelastic theory. The model is valuable for estimating the maximum tuning speed when traction forces are apllied to the free end of the grating. A comparison between single mode silica optical fiber and polymer optical fiber is performed showing the differences of time response, tuning speed and Bragg wavelength shift when the same longitudinal load is applied on both types of fibers. Also presents the transient and steady state solutions for Assumed Modes method, with potential application on general structures under harmonic longitudinal loads, with mass and stiffness concentrated and variable cross section. Using the combined Assumed Modes and Matrix Transfer method, simulations results were performed on a Bragg grating acousto-optic modulator when a harmonic load is applied. The resulting spectrum and the transient duration were calculated and compared with experimental results related by literature.Furthermore, this work presents a mechanism tuning FBGs, based on a notch type spring principle, which magnifies the displacement of a piezoelectric element stretching a piece of fiber optic. Time response is experimentally acessed for different damping situations of the notch type spring.