Craftsmen of past generations built to last, and the brick buildings they constructed can last for centuries if they are not mistreated. Although brick masonry is one of the most durable building materials, its durability can be threatened by improper cleaning and repointing techniques and materials. Many brick surfaces have been--and currently are being--disfigured, and the rate of deterioration often accelerated, because of the lack of knowledge of proper preservation techniques for historic bricks and mortar.This field guide provides a single source of information regarding inspection of historic brick buildings; the causes of deterioration, diagnoses and treatments; appropriate materials and methods for repointing; various cleaning methods; and surface coatings (including waterproof and water-repellent coatings, paint and stucco). This manual can be used to assist persons responsible for the care of old and historic brick buildings: owners of houses or commercial buildings, administrators, architects, contractors, and anyone else who wants to maintain or sympathetically restore or rehabilitate brick buildings.While masonry work generally should only be done by professionals, this field guide will enable a building owner or administrator to understand proper preservation techniques and oversee the project to ensure that the architect or contractor is following the recommended preservation procedures. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History will use this creative project as a reference manual and as a handout to persons undertaking restoration of historic brick buildings.Historic architecture is a viable link between generations of the past and those of the present and future. Proper maintenance and restoration techniques can ensure that a historic brick building will endure for generations to come. / Department of Architecture

Title: A study of how the Brick and Mortar business can utilize Location-based Marketing in Sweden. - Technologies, Strategies, Privacy & Integrity and Receptiveness from a consumer and expert perspective. Date: 2014-05-20 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Marketing Authors: Philip Lagström and Gustaf Stenlund. Supervisor: Klaus Solberg Søilen. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to create an understanding of what location-based marketing is and how brick and mortar businesses in Sweden can use this type of marketing, and how it affects sales and the customer experience. The objective is also to find out how consumers percept location-based marketing and possible privacy and integrity concerns. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework begins with theory regarding Smartphone usage in Sweden and privacy & integrity concerns. The theory also discusses the brick and mortar business. Further, it discusses what kinds of techniques and methods that are used by location-based marketing today is, and how push and pull strategies can be used within location-based marketing. Method: The research is based on a combination of a qualitative and quantitative study. This was made to get the experts point of view and also the consumers’ perspective. The qualitative part consisted of three interviews with experts in the field of location-based marketing, mobile applications, Smartphone marketing and digital marketing. The quantitative part consisted of a survey with 357 participants Empirical framework: The empirical study consists of interviews and a survey. It begins with the interviews with the three experts; this part involves thoughts regarding location-based marketing within brick and mort, best method of LBM, consumer receptiveness, negative/positive aspects, privacy and integrity and future prospects for location-based marketing. This followed by the results from the quantitative survey with our 357 respondents; the survey gives a consumer point of view on important factors such as Smartphone use, consumer interest regarding LBM, receptiveness, privacy and integrity concerns and loyalty. Conclusion: The conclusion made in this dissertation is that location-based marketing is a great part of the digital marketing mix, and could potentially work well for Swedish brick and mortar businesses. It has potential to create increased value for consumers, which in turn can develop into a loyal customer base. The respondents of our survey are not concerned about their privacy and integrity. However, it could be a devastating blow for retailers if dealt with incorrectly.

It is indisputable that the internet has become a necessary component of contemporary multi-channel retail, as more consumers are choosing to purchase goods online each year. As online spending continues to grow, many have called into question the future of brick-and-mortar retail. This thesis seeks to empirically prove that brick-and-mortar retail remains not only relevant, but indispensable in direct-to-consumer business models. The basis of this conjecture is the idea of channel synergism, in which online and brick-and-mortar operations are complementary. This theory is predicated on the emergence of the omni-channel retail, which is characterized by the integration of the various direct-to-consumer (D2C) channels to support cross-channel consumer interaction. To empirically test this hypothesis, key operating metrics were examined over the five year period from 2007 to 2011. By examining profitability trends and several D2C channel relationships, empirical support is developed to substantiate the claim that brick-and-mortar operations are not being driven into obsolescence by the growing prevalence of e-commerce transactions.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from PDF title page; viewed on September 11, 2009. Major professor: Peter Laursen, Ph.D., P.E. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Architecture with a specialization in Architectural Engineering." "June 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-108).

Thesis (Professional Degree)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1935. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 9, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 36) and index (p. 37).

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação da viabilidade de adicionar uma quantidade específica de rejeito proveniente da mineração de ferro na massa cerâmica, mantendo sua trabalhabilidade e minimizando um problema ambiental. Dois rejeitos foram escolhidos para esta avaliação. Estes foram fornecidos por uma mineradora que produz aproximadamente 640.000 toneladas/mês de rejeito arenoso e 450.000 toneladas/mês de rejeito lama. Na pesquisa foram usados argila e carvão provenientes da região de Guaratinguetá, que são matérias-primas normalmente utilizadas na fabricação de blocos cerâmicos. As caracterizações da argila e dos rejeitos foram realizadas por meio de análises de fluorescência de raios-X, difração de raios-X, análise granulométrica, análise térmica diferencial (ATD) e análise termogravimétrica (ATG). Para determinação da proporção do rejeito (arenoso ou lama) que deveria ser adicionada à massa cerâmica foram realizados ensaios de limite de liquidez e de plasticidade. Estes ensaios consideraram amostras sem adição, e, separadamente, amostras contendo diferentes porcentagens de rejeito misturado à argila. Após os testes, as proporções de 7,5% e de 5,0%, respectivamente, dos rejeitos arenoso e lama se mostraram as mais adequadas, pois mantêm a trabalhabilidade do material próxima àquela da massa cerâmica original. Após a determinação da quantidade ideal, todas as amostras foram conformadas por prensagem uniaxial e sinterizadas à 900ºC, temperatura esta comparável à utilizada pela indústria cerâmica para fabricação dos blocos. Para a caracterização dos corpos cerâmicos sinterizados utilizou-se técnicas de rugosimetria, determinação de porosidade e de densidade aparentes e resistência à flexão por três pontos. Os resultados, após trabalho estatístico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this experience is to evaluate the viability of the addiction of a specific amount of iron mining residue into the red ceramic blend, keeping its workability and minimizing environmental problems. Two sorts of residues were chosen to be tested. Both residues were supplied by a mining company, which produces approximately 640,000 tons of sand like waste and 450,000 tons of mud waste per month. In this research we used the red ceramic blend mass and the coal from the region of Guaratinguetá; these materials are commonly used to produce clay block brick. Analyses by X-Ray Fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometry, differential thermal (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) were carried out in order to characterize the raw material (clay and the mining wastes). Liquid and plastic tests were done in order to determine the waste ratio that should be added to the ceramic mass. We produced samples of ceramic with and without the waste addiction, tested for different ratios. After the tests, the amounts of 7.5% for the sand like residue or 5.0% for the mud residue were considered to be the most appropriate ones. All the samples were formed by uniaxial pressing and sintering to 900ºC, like the temperature used to produce ceramic blocks. The three points flexural, perfilometry, porosity and apparent density tests were used to characterize the ceramics. The results, after the statistic work by Weibull method, pointed to a positive use of waste mixture into the ceramic mass. Adding the correct amount of residues in the red ceramic mass, it is possible to produce red brick for sealing purposes, in other words, with no structure function / Orientador: Elson de Campos / Coorientador: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira / Banca: Silvio Jorge Coelho Simões / Banca: Ducinei Garcia / Mestre

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The concrete is not one hundred percent impermeable since the water that remains inside it causes its corrosion, in the case of reinforced concrete, exposed in an area of marine atmosphere, the sea salt mostly present in large particles of the marine spray, produce the reduction of the alkalinity of the concrete causing a rapid corrosion of the steel. There are buildings built in this marine area that have been designed without durability criteria, in which the use of pozzolanic materials is considered, for example, to fill the pores of the cement matrix and thus guarantee its impermeability. In the present study, the effect of clay brick powder (PLA) as a replacement for cement in concrete manufacturing is addressed, evaluating different characteristics of its components. The results indicate that pozzolanic activity and compressive strength increase, slump, voids content and the coefficient of permeability to water decreases.

(in English): This thesis focused on the phenomenon of unplastered brick through the work of Czech architects Jan Kotěra, Josef Gočár, Otakar Novotný and Jaroslav Rössler, who began working with this material between 1906-1913, and then during the 1920s, when they discovered Possibilities of gray masonry also architects Pavel Janák and Jaroslav Vondrák. Selected architects, working mainly in Prague and other Czech cities, belong to the circle of pupils and collaborators of the architect Jan Kotěra. The method of work consists in the knowledge of brick material through a formal analysis of a specific architectural work and its placement in a broader art historical and socio-historical context, which allows its interpretation. My research questions include how architects work with brick material and how these manifestations change. I am also interested in which buildings are designed in gray material in terms of typology. The work considers the changing relationship of architecture to brick material, as it can be perceived as a purely traditional and modern material. Therefore, the first chapters are devoted to the topic of brick and a brief explanation of its characteristics. I also consider it essential in the local context to deal with the tradition of using gray masonry in historical and...

The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using recycled brick as a component in the preparation of glazes. Recycled brick is a mixture of crushed bricks, it can also contain a brick tablecloth, its composition and color makes this material practically identical to a brick shard. Due to these properties, it can be assumed that recycled brick can be used to prepare technical glazes with a specific color. The aim of the diploma thesis is to verify the possibilities of using recycled brick for the preparation of technical glazes. For prepared glazes, then evaluate their properties and estimate for which type of product these alternative glazes could be used.