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Cette thèse étudie la façon dont le métissage (honhyol en coréen), longtemps rejetée dans la société coréenne qui reposait sur une idée nationale obsédée par la lignée, est progressivement devenu un problème public qui rappelle l’intervention active de l’État connue sous le nom de « politiques multiculturelles ». La thèse s'appuie sur les résultats d'une analyse socio-historique qui porte sur trois différents métissages dans l'histoire coréenne: les enfants de parents japonais et coréen durant la colonisation japonaise (1910-1945); les métis de soldats américains et de femmes coréennes avant et après la guerre de Corée (1945-1980); et les enfants issus de mariages mixtes entre Coréens et immigrants à partir de 1990. D'une part l'analyse révèle que la dialectique de l'inclusion et de l’exclusion est au centre de l’histoire de la « question du métissage ». Alors que la question du métissage a le plus souvent été cachée et avait disparu avec l’accession à l’indépendance de la Corée et l’envoi des enfants métis aux États-Unis au nom de la pureté de la nation, le processus actuel de mise en place de la politique dite « multiculturelle » suscite au contraire de nouvelles évocations du métissage et de singulières expressions de l'identité métisse. D’autre part, elle montre que cette valorisation du métissage d’aujourd’hui est étroitement liée au développement du multiculturalisme à la manière coréenne. Le multiculturalisme est de plus en plus employé pour intégrer des familles ayant au moins un enfant métis qui peut être perçu comme Coréen par filiation paternelle mais aussi comme une solution pour la crise démographique causée par le faible taux de natalité et le vieillissement de sa population. Bien qu’on assiste à une évolution de la société coréenne allant vers plus d’inclusion et d’intégration à l’égard des métis et à une attitude ouverte envers la différence culturelle, l’idée nationaliste « raciale » demeure même dans des projets politiques du multiculturalisme. / This dissertation examines how the perception of "mixed-race" (honhyol in Korean), that was rejected for a longtime in Korean society based on a national idea obsessed with lineage, has gradually become a public problem that called the active intervention of the government known as "multicultural policies". The study draws on research from a socio-historical analysis of three diffrent "mixed-race" generations in Korean history: mixed-race people of Japanese and Korean parents during Japanese colonization (1910-1945); "mixed-race" born between American soldiers and Korean women under U.S. military occupation (1945-1980); and children of mixed marriage between Koreans and foreign brides from 1990s. On the one hand, the analysis reveals that the dialectic of inclusion and exclusion is at the center of the history of the "mixed-race" issue. While Korea's independence and international adoption of the United States had masked the issue of "mixed-race" in Korea in the name of purity of the nation, recent introduction of the so-called "multicultural policies" provokes nuanced perspectives of "mixed-race" identities. On the other hand, it shows that this today's valorization of "mixed-race" is closely linked to the development of a Korean type of multiculturalism, and not solely a dialogue of inclusion versus exclusion. Multiculturalism is increasingly being used to integrate families with at least one "mixed-race" child who may be perceived as Korean by paternal affiliation but also as a solution to the demographic crisis caused by the low birthrate and its aging population. Although Korean society is moving towards more inclusion and integration of "mixed-race" people and an open-minded attitude to cultural differences, that "racial" nationalist idea remains even with current efforts toward political and social multicultural initiatives and changes.

For foreign and Mainland China spouses who were born in foreign countries but immigrated to Taiwan due to marriage, they probably come to Taiwan to pursue a better life and thus become our neighbors. However, owing to the differences in cultural background between them and the Taiwanese people, many misunderstanding and conflicts often happened between the early immigrants and the local habitants. There are many relevant studies discussing the living problems of those foreign and Chinese brides, but it is rare to see studies about their rights and obligations. This research applies the theory of ¡§funnel of causality¡¨ (Campbell, Converse, Millers & Strokes) to explore the voting behavior of the foreign and Chinese brides. The main concept of the theory is to regard party identification as a long-term and constant attitude factor. Therefore, it thought that party identification is the determinant affecting the voting decision, while the candidate orientation is only a short-term factor to influence the voting decision, and such decision is emotional and lacking of rational judgement. As to issue orientation, it has only limited influence on the decisions of voters, but in the wake of the gradual declination of the voters¡¦ party identification, ¡§candidate orientation¡¨ and ¡§issue orientation¡¨ turn to be the primary factors to influence the voters¡¦ decisions. This study uses party identification, candidate orientation, electoral issue, and political socialization as the four observable variants and carries out questionnaire investigation by using the quantified statistics. The results of the statistical analysis found that, in cognition of voters¡¦ voting behavior, political party preference is not a factor to influence the voting behavior, nor the Candidate¡¦s qualification creates notable differences. However, it was found that the foreign and Mainland China spouses paid much attention to the political views of candidates. The more they integrate into Taiwan¡¦s society, the more recognition of Taiwan they have. In view of the low voting turnout rate, this study proposes that the government should enhance the electoral advertising and promotion in order to increase the voting turnout rate. Furthermore, the government should show more concern about the foreign and Chinese brides and combine the power of the local communities to enable those foreign spouses to melt into Taiwan¡¦s society earlier and further to exercise and fulfill their rights and obligations. Finally, it is hope that the government may treat all Mainland China spouses and foreign spouses equally without discrimination, and help the Mainland China spouses to get their identify cards soon as the foreign spouses do. In this way, those foreign and Mainland China spouses will enjoy the same basic human rights as the local people, contribute their share toward Taiwan, and never be the underprivileged group in this society any more. Keywords: Foreign bride, voting behavior, political socialization

Online international introduction sites that offer romance tours to American men in search of a foreign bride are an important and rapidly growing component of the internet dating industry; the number of these agencies in the U.S. tripled from two hundred to six hundred in the past 10 years. Previous scholars have examined the so-called ‘mail order bride’ industry in order to demonstrate that the women involved are agents and not victims. Many scholars have also highlighted the importance of race in shaping American men’s desires in one particular region or country. My dissertation provides an important addition to the literature surrounding romance tourism by including participants from all three major regions associated with romance tourism: Eastern Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia. I collected the data for the dissertation by becoming a participant observer of a romance tour in Ukraine, Colombia, and the Philippines. I argue that romance tourism is an important example of the global intimate, and the ways in which globalized processes are created and sustained through everyday intimate emotions and interactions. By examining the ways in which the emotions of desire, disgust, and anxiety influence individual romance tour participant’s constructions of racialized hierarchies, the links between individual emotions and global systems are revealed. The concept of the global intimate challenges the hierarchy of scale that places the body, the home, and the intimate on a much lower level than the scale of the global or the national, and at the same time challenges the binary that divides the individual from the global. Through highlighting the different emotional negotiations that are constantly occurring in the romance tour industry, I highlight the important ways in which individual emotions and affects influence global processes on a large scale and vice versa.

The education of immigrant children is a persistent concern in many western countries. Taiwan has begun to face this challenge in the last decade. The immigrants in this context are mostly females from Southeast Asia and mainland China, on the basis of marriage to a Taiwanese resident. Since Taiwanese society holds a prejudice against them, the children born to foreign mothers are believed to have a negative impact on the quality of the Taiwanese population and to create particular educational problems. The study employs an interpretive approach combining components of international comparison and policy research. Within this qualitative methodology, mixed methods were used to collect data and gain multiple understandings of the phenomenon in Taiwan. These methods of document analysis, semi-structured interviews and participant observation of foreign mothers’ communities, along with a documentary review of the UK experience of educational policy for immigrant children from the 1960s onwards, provide a comparative perspective that has considerable reference value for Taiwan. It was found that the children of immigrant mothers in Taiwan do not appear to underachieve or fall behind, in contrast to the prejudice held by Taiwanese society. The study also explores the characteristics of disadvantage of children born to immigrant mothers. Through the comparative historical review of the UK and Taiwan, the study also found that when people are faced with different cultures, their attitudes appear to move through in a similar process of adjustment which interacts with and responds to policy formulation. In addition, some recommendations for educational policy for children of immigrant mothers in Taiwan are discussed. The study proposes that learning plural mother tongues is a means to improve these children’s self-identity, allowing them to develop bilingual advantages and contribute to the country’s competitiveness.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138).

Esta tese trata de como e o que uma revista voltada para noivas ensina sobre casamento. Fundamentada nos aportes dos Estudos de Gênero e Culturais em aproximação com o Pós-Estruturalismo, analisei um conjunto de 14 revistas da Inesquecível Casamento-RS (IC-RS), publicadas entre 2005 e 2012, mapeando as coisas ditas e veiculadas em suas matérias e propagandas. Entendo que a produção desse sujeito-noiva é parte de um currículo de formação de feminilidade na contemporaneidade. Assim, para formar uma noiva é necessário passar por um longo currículo em que se ensina a ser bela (mesmo que não seja assim considerada), sentir-se o centro da cena do casamento, dedicar-se aos outros e à produção de casamento, a entender a importância da data, a contratar bons profissionais, a ver o casamento como ápice da vida a dois, a entender do que é feito um casamento, a personalizar a produção e, ao mesmo tempo, respeitar e seguir tradições. Foi possível constatar que há um grande investimento em significar o casamento de determinadas formas, sobretudo ligadas ao consumo e à espetacularização do eu. Entendo que os ensinamentos da revista são muito persuasivos, uma vez que instituem o casamento como o grande sonho da vida de uma mulher e para o qual ela deve trabalhar arduamente. Esse trabalho envolve contratos com prestadores de serviços, escolher e definir o projeto de casamento e entender a importância deste momento em sua vida. Assim, mais do que um dia romântico e de expressão do amor, este é um grande momento de consumo. A constituição do sujeito-noiva passa também pela construção de um sujeito de consumo que esteja atento ao que é necessário e importante numa produção de casamento. A noiva é produzida, então, como uma consumidora exigente e soberana. Ensina-se, ainda, que a importância do casamento se dá pela sua irrepetibilidade e pela oportunidade de realizar sonhos – descritos como existentes desde a infância. Tamanha importância deve justificar os gastos, a contratação das/os melhores profissionais disponíveis. Ainda mais, o sucesso da festa é descrito como sucesso na vida conjugal – o que aumenta a demanda pela festa inesquecível e perfeita. Instituído como a coroação da relação, a produção de casamento parece significar a dimensão do amor, bem como, coloca-se como ápice da vida conjugal: momento em que todos/as os/as amigos/as e familiares terão suas atenções voltadas para esse casal, desejando o melhor futuro possível. A concentração da produção de casamento como algo feminino é reiterada durante todo o período analisado. Mesmo em áreas em que predominam profissionais homens, as mulheres que adentram estes ramos se colocam como mais qualificadas para atender casamentos, uma vez que possuem o que é denominado como “alma feminina”. Esse “relicário da essência feminina” aparece como um verdadeiro tesouro repleto de sensibilidade, dedicação e amabilidade. A espetacularização do eu parece atingir seu ápice com a celebração de casamento, de modo que é difícil retornar à “vida normal” de simples mulheres. Casar implica sentir-se bela, soberana e responsável pelas próprias decisões. Além disso, coloca-se como um momento especial em que todas as atenções se voltam para a noiva e que todos os seus desejos devem ser atendidos. Acredito que a partir dessas considerações é possível entender a necessidade de estender ao máximo esse momento descrito como de plena felicidade. / This thesis deals with how and what a magazine for brides teaches about marriage and femininity. Grounded in the contributions of Gender and Cultural Studies approaching with the Poststructuralism, I analyzed a set of 14 journals Inesquecível Casamento -RS (IC- RS), published between 2005 and 2012, charting the things said and transmitted in their materials and advertisements. I understand that the production of the bride-subject is part of a training curriculum of contemporary femininity. Thus, to form a bride is necessary to go through a long curriculum that teaches to be beautiful (even if not so considered), feel the center of the wedding scene, devote yourself to others and production of wedding understand the importance of the date, hire good professionals, see wedding as the culmination of life together, to understand of what is made a wedding, personalize the production and at the same time, respect and follow traditions. It was found that there is a large investment to mean the wedding of certain forms related to the consumption and the spectacle of self. I understand that the teachings of the magazine are very persuasive, establishing marriage as the great dream of a woman's life and for which she must work hard. This work involves contracts with service providers, choose and define the project of marriage and understand the importance of this time in your life. Thus, more than a romantic day and of expression of love, this is a great time of consumption. The constitution of the subject-bride also involves the construction of a consumer-subject aware of what is necessary and important in producing wedding. The bride is produced, then, as a sovereign and demanding consumer. It teaches also that the importance of wedding is in its uniqueness and the opportunity to fulfill dreams - described as existing since childhood. Such importance to justify the expenditures and hiring of the best professionals available. Moreover, the success of the party is described as success in the marriage - which increases demand for an unforgettable and perfect party. Established as the coronation of the relationship, the production of wedding seems to mean the dimension of love as well, stands as the apex of married life: moment the friends and family turned their attention to this couple, wishing the best possible future. The concentration of production of marriage as something feminine is reiterated throughout the analysis period. Even in areas where professionally men dominate, women who enter in these branches themselves as more qualified to attend weddings, as they have what is termed as "female soul". This "temple of feminine essence" appears as a treasure trove full of sensibility, dedication and kindness. The spectacle of the self seems to reach its peak with the wedding celebration, so it is difficult to return to "normal life" of single women. Marry implies feel beautiful, sovereign and responsible for their own decisions. In addition, arises as a special time when all eyes turn to the bride and that all your wishes must be met. I believe that from these considerations is possible to understand the need to extend the most of this time described as complete happiness.

Esta tese trata de como e o que uma revista voltada para noivas ensina sobre casamento. Fundamentada nos aportes dos Estudos de Gênero e Culturais em aproximação com o Pós-Estruturalismo, analisei um conjunto de 14 revistas da Inesquecível Casamento-RS (IC-RS), publicadas entre 2005 e 2012, mapeando as coisas ditas e veiculadas em suas matérias e propagandas. Entendo que a produção desse sujeito-noiva é parte de um currículo de formação de feminilidade na contemporaneidade. Assim, para formar uma noiva é necessário passar por um longo currículo em que se ensina a ser bela (mesmo que não seja assim considerada), sentir-se o centro da cena do casamento, dedicar-se aos outros e à produção de casamento, a entender a importância da data, a contratar bons profissionais, a ver o casamento como ápice da vida a dois, a entender do que é feito um casamento, a personalizar a produção e, ao mesmo tempo, respeitar e seguir tradições. Foi possível constatar que há um grande investimento em significar o casamento de determinadas formas, sobretudo ligadas ao consumo e à espetacularização do eu. Entendo que os ensinamentos da revista são muito persuasivos, uma vez que instituem o casamento como o grande sonho da vida de uma mulher e para o qual ela deve trabalhar arduamente. Esse trabalho envolve contratos com prestadores de serviços, escolher e definir o projeto de casamento e entender a importância deste momento em sua vida. Assim, mais do que um dia romântico e de expressão do amor, este é um grande momento de consumo. A constituição do sujeito-noiva passa também pela construção de um sujeito de consumo que esteja atento ao que é necessário e importante numa produção de casamento. A noiva é produzida, então, como uma consumidora exigente e soberana. Ensina-se, ainda, que a importância do casamento se dá pela sua irrepetibilidade e pela oportunidade de realizar sonhos – descritos como existentes desde a infância. Tamanha importância deve justificar os gastos, a contratação das/os melhores profissionais disponíveis. Ainda mais, o sucesso da festa é descrito como sucesso na vida conjugal – o que aumenta a demanda pela festa inesquecível e perfeita. Instituído como a coroação da relação, a produção de casamento parece significar a dimensão do amor, bem como, coloca-se como ápice da vida conjugal: momento em que todos/as os/as amigos/as e familiares terão suas atenções voltadas para esse casal, desejando o melhor futuro possível. A concentração da produção de casamento como algo feminino é reiterada durante todo o período analisado. Mesmo em áreas em que predominam profissionais homens, as mulheres que adentram estes ramos se colocam como mais qualificadas para atender casamentos, uma vez que possuem o que é denominado como “alma feminina”. Esse “relicário da essência feminina” aparece como um verdadeiro tesouro repleto de sensibilidade, dedicação e amabilidade. A espetacularização do eu parece atingir seu ápice com a celebração de casamento, de modo que é difícil retornar à “vida normal” de simples mulheres. Casar implica sentir-se bela, soberana e responsável pelas próprias decisões. Além disso, coloca-se como um momento especial em que todas as atenções se voltam para a noiva e que todos os seus desejos devem ser atendidos. Acredito que a partir dessas considerações é possível entender a necessidade de estender ao máximo esse momento descrito como de plena felicidade. / This thesis deals with how and what a magazine for brides teaches about marriage and femininity. Grounded in the contributions of Gender and Cultural Studies approaching with the Poststructuralism, I analyzed a set of 14 journals Inesquecível Casamento -RS (IC- RS), published between 2005 and 2012, charting the things said and transmitted in their materials and advertisements. I understand that the production of the bride-subject is part of a training curriculum of contemporary femininity. Thus, to form a bride is necessary to go through a long curriculum that teaches to be beautiful (even if not so considered), feel the center of the wedding scene, devote yourself to others and production of wedding understand the importance of the date, hire good professionals, see wedding as the culmination of life together, to understand of what is made a wedding, personalize the production and at the same time, respect and follow traditions. It was found that there is a large investment to mean the wedding of certain forms related to the consumption and the spectacle of self. I understand that the teachings of the magazine are very persuasive, establishing marriage as the great dream of a woman's life and for which she must work hard. This work involves contracts with service providers, choose and define the project of marriage and understand the importance of this time in your life. Thus, more than a romantic day and of expression of love, this is a great time of consumption. The constitution of the subject-bride also involves the construction of a consumer-subject aware of what is necessary and important in producing wedding. The bride is produced, then, as a sovereign and demanding consumer. It teaches also that the importance of wedding is in its uniqueness and the opportunity to fulfill dreams - described as existing since childhood. Such importance to justify the expenditures and hiring of the best professionals available. Moreover, the success of the party is described as success in the marriage - which increases demand for an unforgettable and perfect party. Established as the coronation of the relationship, the production of wedding seems to mean the dimension of love as well, stands as the apex of married life: moment the friends and family turned their attention to this couple, wishing the best possible future. The concentration of production of marriage as something feminine is reiterated throughout the analysis period. Even in areas where professionally men dominate, women who enter in these branches themselves as more qualified to attend weddings, as they have what is termed as "female soul". This "temple of feminine essence" appears as a treasure trove full of sensibility, dedication and kindness. The spectacle of the self seems to reach its peak with the wedding celebration, so it is difficult to return to "normal life" of single women. Marry implies feel beautiful, sovereign and responsible for their own decisions. In addition, arises as a special time when all eyes turn to the bride and that all your wishes must be met. I believe that from these considerations is possible to understand the need to extend the most of this time described as complete happiness.

Esta tese trata de como e o que uma revista voltada para noivas ensina sobre casamento. Fundamentada nos aportes dos Estudos de Gênero e Culturais em aproximação com o Pós-Estruturalismo, analisei um conjunto de 14 revistas da Inesquecível Casamento-RS (IC-RS), publicadas entre 2005 e 2012, mapeando as coisas ditas e veiculadas em suas matérias e propagandas. Entendo que a produção desse sujeito-noiva é parte de um currículo de formação de feminilidade na contemporaneidade. Assim, para formar uma noiva é necessário passar por um longo currículo em que se ensina a ser bela (mesmo que não seja assim considerada), sentir-se o centro da cena do casamento, dedicar-se aos outros e à produção de casamento, a entender a importância da data, a contratar bons profissionais, a ver o casamento como ápice da vida a dois, a entender do que é feito um casamento, a personalizar a produção e, ao mesmo tempo, respeitar e seguir tradições. Foi possível constatar que há um grande investimento em significar o casamento de determinadas formas, sobretudo ligadas ao consumo e à espetacularização do eu. Entendo que os ensinamentos da revista são muito persuasivos, uma vez que instituem o casamento como o grande sonho da vida de uma mulher e para o qual ela deve trabalhar arduamente. Esse trabalho envolve contratos com prestadores de serviços, escolher e definir o projeto de casamento e entender a importância deste momento em sua vida. Assim, mais do que um dia romântico e de expressão do amor, este é um grande momento de consumo. A constituição do sujeito-noiva passa também pela construção de um sujeito de consumo que esteja atento ao que é necessário e importante numa produção de casamento. A noiva é produzida, então, como uma consumidora exigente e soberana. Ensina-se, ainda, que a importância do casamento se dá pela sua irrepetibilidade e pela oportunidade de realizar sonhos – descritos como existentes desde a infância. Tamanha importância deve justificar os gastos, a contratação das/os melhores profissionais disponíveis. Ainda mais, o sucesso da festa é descrito como sucesso na vida conjugal – o que aumenta a demanda pela festa inesquecível e perfeita. Instituído como a coroação da relação, a produção de casamento parece significar a dimensão do amor, bem como, coloca-se como ápice da vida conjugal: momento em que todos/as os/as amigos/as e familiares terão suas atenções voltadas para esse casal, desejando o melhor futuro possível. A concentração da produção de casamento como algo feminino é reiterada durante todo o período analisado. Mesmo em áreas em que predominam profissionais homens, as mulheres que adentram estes ramos se colocam como mais qualificadas para atender casamentos, uma vez que possuem o que é denominado como “alma feminina”. Esse “relicário da essência feminina” aparece como um verdadeiro tesouro repleto de sensibilidade, dedicação e amabilidade. A espetacularização do eu parece atingir seu ápice com a celebração de casamento, de modo que é difícil retornar à “vida normal” de simples mulheres. Casar implica sentir-se bela, soberana e responsável pelas próprias decisões. Além disso, coloca-se como um momento especial em que todas as atenções se voltam para a noiva e que todos os seus desejos devem ser atendidos. Acredito que a partir dessas considerações é possível entender a necessidade de estender ao máximo esse momento descrito como de plena felicidade. / This thesis deals with how and what a magazine for brides teaches about marriage and femininity. Grounded in the contributions of Gender and Cultural Studies approaching with the Poststructuralism, I analyzed a set of 14 journals Inesquecível Casamento -RS (IC- RS), published between 2005 and 2012, charting the things said and transmitted in their materials and advertisements. I understand that the production of the bride-subject is part of a training curriculum of contemporary femininity. Thus, to form a bride is necessary to go through a long curriculum that teaches to be beautiful (even if not so considered), feel the center of the wedding scene, devote yourself to others and production of wedding understand the importance of the date, hire good professionals, see wedding as the culmination of life together, to understand of what is made a wedding, personalize the production and at the same time, respect and follow traditions. It was found that there is a large investment to mean the wedding of certain forms related to the consumption and the spectacle of self. I understand that the teachings of the magazine are very persuasive, establishing marriage as the great dream of a woman's life and for which she must work hard. This work involves contracts with service providers, choose and define the project of marriage and understand the importance of this time in your life. Thus, more than a romantic day and of expression of love, this is a great time of consumption. The constitution of the subject-bride also involves the construction of a consumer-subject aware of what is necessary and important in producing wedding. The bride is produced, then, as a sovereign and demanding consumer. It teaches also that the importance of wedding is in its uniqueness and the opportunity to fulfill dreams - described as existing since childhood. Such importance to justify the expenditures and hiring of the best professionals available. Moreover, the success of the party is described as success in the marriage - which increases demand for an unforgettable and perfect party. Established as the coronation of the relationship, the production of wedding seems to mean the dimension of love as well, stands as the apex of married life: moment the friends and family turned their attention to this couple, wishing the best possible future. The concentration of production of marriage as something feminine is reiterated throughout the analysis period. Even in areas where professionally men dominate, women who enter in these branches themselves as more qualified to attend weddings, as they have what is termed as "female soul". This "temple of feminine essence" appears as a treasure trove full of sensibility, dedication and kindness. The spectacle of the self seems to reach its peak with the wedding celebration, so it is difficult to return to "normal life" of single women. Marry implies feel beautiful, sovereign and responsible for their own decisions. In addition, arises as a special time when all eyes turn to the bride and that all your wishes must be met. I believe that from these considerations is possible to understand the need to extend the most of this time described as complete happiness.

In 2005, following the deaths of several marriage migrants known as "mail-order brides", the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act was created. Designed to regulate the international matchmaking industry and provide women with the information to make informed, safe decisions about their future partnership in an attempt to decrease instances of violence, this law was the result of an increase in awareness, collaboration between interested parties, and incorporation into a broader bill. For years, marriage brokers had operated using stereotypes about submissive foreign women to attract customers, recently bringing business onto the internet and creating websites marketing women as purchases. Five years after the passage of the law, however, the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act fails to address six key vulnerabilities faced by female marriage migrants. For this reason, women immigrating to the United States to marry a spouse after introduction through a marriage broker still face an increased likelihood of domestic violence and even death. The author concludes with a discussion about future improvements in both legislation and operation to address violence against immigrant women. / Master of Arts