Abstract: Determine the level of concordance between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Portable Mental State Examination (SPMSQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening test for cognitive impairment in older adults. A cross-sectional study based on an original cohort study. 1683 patients over 60 years-old were included between 2010 and 2015. Demographic information was collected and the MMSE, MoCA, and SPMSQ scores were obtained. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, while numerical ones as median and interquartile range. The agreement was measured and adjusted by the number of years of education by Cohen’s Kappa index (k) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The agreement was considered as good if k > 0.80. MMSE classified 43.32% of the patients as having cognitive impairment, MoCA 43.14%, and SPMSQ 24.84%. MMSE and MoCA showed an agreement (k) of 0.99 with a 95% CI of 0.99–1.00; MoCA and SPMSQ showed a k of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.38–0.46). Finally, MMSE and SPMSQ showed a k of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.37–0.46). The results did not change when performing the analysis by education subgroups. There was a strong concordance between MoCA and MMSE tests. Nevertheless, the SPMSQ was discordant with the other tests. / Revisión por pares

Bakgrund Alkoholbruksyndrom är ett stort hälsoproblem som leder till allvarliga konsekvenser både på individs- och samhällsnivå. Alkoholintag i okontrollerade mängder är en bidragande faktor till den globala sjukdomsbördan. Sjuksköterskor kommer, oavsett arbetsplats, att möta personer som har ett riskbruk av alkohol eller som redan utvecklat alkoholbrukssyndrom. Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) är framtaget som en behandlingsmetod för personer med riskbruk av alkohol och alkoholbrukssyndrom. Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av Brief Motivational Intervention vid minskning av alkoholintag hos patienter med alkoholbrukssyndrom. Metod Metoden som använts till detta arbete är en litteraturöversikt. Databassökningen genomfördes i PubMed och PsycINFO samt sökmotorn Google Scholar. Femton artiklar av kvantitativ studiedesign svarade på syftet och inkluderades i resultatet. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Analys av materialet genomfördes med inspiration från innehållsanalys med femstegsmodell. Resultat Vi fann att olika faktorer spelar in i effekten av BMI. Behandlingsmetoden kan ha en god effekt i minskning av alkoholintag om mottagaren av interventionen har en vilja att genomgå en beteendeförändring. Screening av alkoholintag i form av bland annat AUDIT är en viktig metod för sjuksköterskan i syfte att identifiera individer i behov av hjälp. Slutsats BMI och screening av alkoholvanor kan ha en god effekt hos patienter som har en vilja och motivation till att göra en beteendeförändring. BMI är kostnadseffektivt och metoden SBIRT är en bevisad bra metod att leverera BMI på. I SBIRT ingår även screening av alkoholvanor vilket också är en viktig komponent i behandlingen av alkoholbrukssyndrom. Nyckelord: Alkoholbrukssyndrom, Brief Motivational Intervention, Effekt, Empowerment, Motivation

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No description available.

Die Literaturwissenschaft hat sich umfassend mit Arthur Schnitzlers Novelle Fräulein Else aus dem Jahr 1924 befasst, aber bisher haben sich keine Studien eingehend mit den Briefen in Fräulein Else beschäftigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die unerforschten Briefe der Novelle zu analysieren, um einen Beitrag zur Forschung über Fräulein Else zu leisten. Den folgenden Fragen wird nachgegangen: Welche Funktion haben die Briefe in Arthur Schnitzlers Novelle Fräulein Else und wie werden die Briefe mit der Erzähltechnik des inneren Monologs vereint?  Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass die beiden Briefe in Fräulein Else die Funktion haben, die Handlung der Novelle zu steuern. Sie nutzen die Eigenschaft Informationen über Distanz zu vermitteln, um ein Problem einzuführen, die Verantwortung für das Problem auf Else zu übertragen, eine Begegnung zu fordern, einen Interessenkonflikt einzuführen und damit den zentralen Konflikt der Novelle einzuleiten, sowie eine andere Begegnung zu vermeiden und damit den Konflikt ungelöst zu lassen und ein offenes Ende zu schaffen.  In der Vereinigung von Brief und innerem Monolog werden die einfachen Anführungszeichen verwendet, um die Perspektive des Briefs zu vermitteln. Diese Analyse zeigt auch, dass die Vereinigung stark durch den inneren Monolog geprägt ist. Der innere Monolog, ein direktes Zitat von Elses Sprachbewusstsein, wird in den Briefen durch die inkonsistente Wiederholung des Telegramms und eine Phrase aus dem ersten Brief sowie dem zweiten Brief, der eher als Schreibprozess denn als fertiger Brief dargestellt wird, veranschaulicht.

Throughout the past 70 years, a great deal of research conducted on defining and testing problem-solving skills has led towards solution-focused practices and philosophies. As a result, some literature exists illustrating the efficacy of solution-focused practices. However, no published research exists on the factors that contribute to solution building. This study tested for components of solution building while creating a solution building inventory. Factor analysis failed to find specific factors within solution building. The results indicated that solution building is a unidimensional concept. Implications for using the solution building inventory are discussed. / Ph. D.

With its growing popularity in the field, Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) training workshops are becoming more prevalent in the family therapy training field. Because SFBT represents an innovative approach to therapy, does teaching this model demand innovative ways to train its students or are the same methods used in teaching other models of family therapy sufficient? To begin to address this question, it would be important to know how trainees experience SFBT training as it currently exists. This study qualitatively examined the process that trainees experienced when learning SFBT. Fifteen individuals responded to an email questionnaire, with 7 of those individuals participating in follow-up telephone interviews. In summary, being able to practice using a solution focused approach with clients and receiving supervision on those sessions from a supervisor who used a solution focused framework in giving feedback were factors identified as being most helpful in facilitating the learning process. The study also examined how the participants merged their existing beliefs about people and the therapeutic process with the assumptions inherent to SFBT. Finally, the study examined distinct moments, defined as moments after which the trainee knew that SFBT was a model they could use effectively with their clients. The distinct moments provided a picture of how the training and learning came together in practice for the participants. / Master of Science

Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process implicated in several disorders, and is defined in the literature as having standards of performance that are excessively high and often unrealistic, rigidly pursuing these standards, and subsequently measuring one’s own self-worth on their ability to meet these self-set standards (Egan et al., 2011). Perfectionism is related to many negative outcomes for physical and mental health, warranting the need to identify effective treatments that are accessible to individuals experiencing clinical perfectionism. There is a growing need for discrete, single session therapeutic interventions, and research has found that patients who were provided with a brief intervention exhibited accelerated rates of change, compared to patients whose treatment was longer (Baldwin et al., 2009; Kroska, 2018). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 90-minute, single-session ACT intervention targeting psychological flexibility for perfectionistic beliefs and behaviors on perfectionism, psychological distress, and well-being utilizing a multiple baseline across participants experimental design. Four individuals completed the following self-report measures at each time point: the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Inventory (PPFI), the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), the Frost Multi-Dimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 item (DASS-21), and the Flourishing Scale (FS). These measures were completed once per week for the five-week baseline period. After baseline, participant engaged in a 90-minute single-session ACT intervention targeting the development of psychological flexibility. For follow-up, participants completed the same measures twice a week for four weeks. Researchers hypothesized that the intervention would increase psychological flexibility, flourishing, self-compassion, and progress towards an idiographic goal, and decrease perfectionism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological distress post-intervention compared to the baseline assessment. A TAR trend analysis was conducted, and Bayes Factors were computed for each individual for each outcome variable to examine within-participant results. A between-case standardized mean difference effect size for SCED was calculated for each outcome variable to examine the results across participants, resulting in a d-statistic. Within participants, while two individuals completed the study with perfectionistic concerns scores below cut offs, this outcome did not change significantly from baseline, with greater evidence for a null effect on this outcome variable for most participants. However, there was evidence for treatment effects for decreasing perfectionistic strivings, psychological distress, and psychological inflexibility and increasing psychological flexibility and flourishing. Across participants, the intervention demonstrated small to large effect sizes. There were small effects on perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, psychological distress, and psychological flexibility towards an individual goal. There were medium effects for psychological flexibility and flourishing. Large effects were demonstrated for psychological inflexibility and self-compassion. Overall, the results demonstrate promising evidence for increasing well-being within the context of clinical perfectionism using a single session intervention.

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No description available.