Submitted in accordance with the requirements tor the degree of MA in Communication Science university of Zululand, 2008. / Television, unlike radio combines several factors of sight, sound, and motion and colour into one composite whole. Television has an immeasurable impact on the lives of the people with its information, educational and entertaining programmes. It is a powerful force for integration, which it does by providing for citizens of a country, access to the variety of messages, which they need in order to know and understand one another. On the other hand, television has been blamed for causing atrocity and crime in society by some critics. This study investigates the effectiveness of public broadcasting media as agents of transformation (A case study of the impact of the South African Broadcasting Corporation K 2 and 3 on Esikhawini Township: KwaZulu-Natal). The first part of the study reviews literature on communication, broadcasting media; transformation effects of television, policy and legislation of the South African Broadcasting Corporation and functions of the South African broadcasting complaints. Subsequent chapters describe the construction of a survey instalment employed to measure and evaluate public broadcasting media as agents of transformation in society. Penultimate chapters blend the insights gained from this literature review to interpret the results, obtained through the quantitative research methodology, to describe a set of conclusions and recommendations in the context of public broadcasting media as an agent of transformation in society.

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The Parliamentary election in Russia held in December, 2011 caused vote fraud scandal and resulted in a wide-scale protest movement which spread all over the country. The Western media repeatedly compared political situation in Russia to ‘Arab spring’. Russian media, in their turn, got divided in two opposite camps regarding their reporting on the issue. This study examines news coverage of the political conflict in two Russian media outlets and interprets the findings within the framework of propaganda. The analysis incorporates two main levels: institutional and textual. In-depth interviews with the journalists were conducted in order to establish what internal and external factors, such as censorship or state control, shaped news reporting and promoted ideological bias. The comparative analysis of news coverage involved two media outlets Russia Today and Radio Liberty, which adhere to different ideological perspectives. The results show that both media represented contrasting versions of the situation and used information selectively in order to pursue certain goals. Nevertheless, the analysis allows to conclude that Russia Today explicitly supported the views of the Russian authorities and oppressed undesirable facts and opinions. Its news policy also evokes an idea of cold war, as it repeatedly appeals to the image of external enemy – the USA. Radio Liberty, in contrast, provided various opportunities to the discontent part of the Russian society to speak out, which can be considered as an attempt to represent the other side of the story, as it was excluded from the news agenda of the state owned media. However, news policy of Radio Liberty also implied certain propagandistic objectives. The study confirms the assumption that propaganda arguably exists within any political doctrine, but can take explicit and implicit forms which are difficult to detect without thorough scrutiny of overall news reportage of certain media. Further research should look at the role of social media in a series of political scandals and protest movement awakening in Russia, as many media experts link the political situation with emergence of new means of communication. It could also compare news representation of the current political conflict in several Russian domestic independent media to detect distinctions and similarities and try to evaluate what kind of an ideology they communicated to the audience.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 limites_do_publico_e_privado_.pdf: 3488526 bytes, checksum: d78a06c70776fdef8723c94648f204d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-17 / The proposal of this study is to reflect on how public television is perceived by its viewers and the cultural content it is expected to provide. It endeavors to explore the cultural imagination of this mass media segment, by examining its ideal format, the pivotal role it plays and the value attributed to it. In an effort to consolidate these perceptions the study also attempts to evaluate the perceived boundaries that separate the public and private spheres of this section of the mass media landscape, by analyzing the extent to which the sale of private advertising, in an effort to provide public television with financial sustainability, can at the same time provoke ethical concerns among the citizen-viewers. More specifically it aspires to study how the citizen-viewer understands and acknowledges the different forms of financing that are available for a public television system. Then based on qualitative research, the ethical and esthetic questions surrounding Brazilian public television are analyzed by investigating whether or not this society s concept of ideal public television can include advertising / O trabalho propõe-se a refletir sobre como a TV pública é percebida por seu telespectador e seu esperado conteúdo cultural. Busca-se explorar o imaginário cultural deste espaço midiático, sua forma ideal, seu papel e o valor a ele atribuído. Consubstanciando tal entendimento, procura-se ainda avaliar as fronteiras percebidas entre as esferas públicas e privadas nesta paisagem midiática. Pretende-se analisar em que medida a venda de espaços publicitários à iniciativa privada, na estratégia de sustentabilidade financeira da TV pública, pode suscitar preocupações éticas no público-cidadão. Mais especificamente, aspirou-se estudar como o público-cidadão entende e acolhe as diferentes formas de financiamento de um sistema publico de televisão. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa, a autora faz um ensaio sobre questões éticas e estéticas acerca da televisão pública no Brasil, investigando se a concepção de TV pública ideal da sociedade comporta a publicidade

本文目的在討論台灣自解嚴以來的大眾傳播媒體政策變遷，以政治經濟學的研究取向切入，說明國家、資本與公民社會三者的不同結構組合，如何形塑解嚴後台灣媒體政策的演變。大約以首次政黨輪替為界，可分為三期：在一期，國民黨執政下，國家與資本間的關係仍具侍從主義的色彩，於是公民社會中媒體改革團體選擇與想要脫離政府控制的資本勢力結合，並和訴求雷同的政治議題合流，抗議國家對媒體的壟斷，要求開放、政治力退出媒體經營。在二期，政黨輪替後資本勢力脫離國家控制，資本與國家共同架構了一個新的優勢權力結構，原本應全民共有的媒介使用權，從過去的國家壟斷進入政商互利共生的複雜局面。公民社會及媒改團體對資本邏輯主導的媒體環境不滿，乃轉而訴求國家以公權力介入控制商業力量的浮濫，希望開創媒體公共化的空間。後期，資本勢力越益壟斷與集中，影響力也隨之提升，資本與國家相互競合程度也就越高，而政商結構內的矛盾，反而有利於社會運動對市場導向的權力結構進行結構改革。 有別於過去以新自由主義理論為主的媒體研究（強調市場機制主宰媒體），本文強調，第一，在同時拉長時間軸及報紙、有線電視及無線電視三種媒體的交叉分析下，證明市場導向的政策只是表面的結果，實質上的主因是執政黨為鞏固自身權利；第二，國家、市場與公民三者價值各異的行為者之間互動關係的轉變會影響台灣媒體政策的產出，並非是純粹的市場導向；第三，政黨輪替前後結構的差異使國家、市場以及公民社會有不同的策略經營。 / The main purpose of this study is to discuss the transition of mass media after abolishing martial law through the approach of political economy. This study explains the different structural forms among nation, capital and civil society and how these forms shape the transitions of Taiwanese media policy after abolishing martial law. Considering the first party alternation as watershed, the transition can be divided into three periods. The first period is under the governance of Kuomintang and the relation between nation and capital is still clientelistic. Therefore media reformation groups in the civil society choose to alley with capital powers that try get out of governmental control. They also make use of political issues that are similar to their appeals to protest against governmental monopoly over media and ask political power to withdraw from media administration. In the second period capital power get rid of governmental control after party alternation, and capital and nation construct a new privileged power structure together. The media that should be shared by all citizens transform from national monopoly to the complex situation of mutualism between political and commercial powers. Civil society and media reformation groups are discontent with capital dominant media, therefore they request nation to control the abuse of commercial power through public authority and hope to create civil media spaces. In the last period, as capital power gets more monopolistic and effective, the higher is the co-competition between capital and nation. The contradiction in political-commercial structure turns out to benefit the structural reformation in market orientation structure carried out by social movements. Different from the media studies that focused on New Liberalism in the past which concentrated on market mechanism control over media, this study emphasized on three points. First, based on longer period of time and cross analysis of newspaper, cable television and broadcast television, the study proves that market orientation policy is only surface result and the actual reason is that the ruling party wants to strengthen its own right. Second, the transitions of mutual relations among nation, market and citizens with different aims will affect the output of Taiwanese media policy and make it not purely market orientation. The third, the structural difference between pre-and post-party alternation makes nation, market and civil society design different business strategies.

The thesis "Media Regulation and its Representation in Czech Newspapers from 1991 until 2011" concerns in its theoretical part with legal regulation of media in the Czech Republic, in particular with regulation of three basic media sectors - press, radio and television broadcasting and internet. It defines basic statutes in the scope of media law and analyzes the most important legal provisions, including the activity of regulatory bodies. Furthermore, the thesis compares the Czech regulation of media with regulation in selected foreign countries. Their selection and categorization is based on three media systems as defined in the book of Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini "Comparing Media Systems". In the second part, the thesis concerns with practical analysis of media content of two Czech dailies MF Dnes and Právo in the period from 1991 until 2011. The analysis deals with articles which are somehow connected to the issue of broadcasting and press media regulation. It tries to deduce how the dailies present media regulation and if emphasizing of particular topics could influence legislative acts regulating media. In particular the thesis concentrates on the press bill and the broadcasting bill which were extensively criticised in the analyzed dailies. One of the main results of the...

This thesis deals with medial presentation of two most watched sporting events in the Czech Republic the football Synot league and hockey Tipsport league, on channel ČT Sport. The first chapter introduces the history and play system the top two competitions. The second chapter lists the most important corruption scandals since 1993 in the Czech football and hockey, and discuss also the issue of hooliganism. The third chapter presents the history of the channel ČT Sport, all programs dealing with hockey and football competitions, the most important journalistic tools and TV professions involved in these programs. The fourth chapter presents the first part of the analysis of the two selected TV programs. The fifth chapter presents the analysis of communication and semiotic aspects of the programs Bully and Studio. The sixth chapter contains the author's own survey, which focuses on the perception of programs Bully and Studio from the perspective of the grand public. The aim of this thesis is to determine which of the competitions is presented in a better way, both from a professional point of view and in terms of the perception of spectators.