本文目的在討論台灣自解嚴以來的大眾傳播媒體政策變遷，以政治經濟學的研究取向切入，說明國家、資本與公民社會三者的不同結構組合，如何形塑解嚴後台灣媒體政策的演變。大約以首次政黨輪替為界，可分為三期：在一期，國民黨執政下，國家與資本間的關係仍具侍從主義的色彩，於是公民社會中媒體改革團體選擇與想要脫離政府控制的資本勢力結合，並和訴求雷同的政治議題合流，抗議國家對媒體的壟斷，要求開放、政治力退出媒體經營。在二期，政黨輪替後資本勢力脫離國家控制，資本與國家共同架構了一個新的優勢權力結構，原本應全民共有的媒介使用權，從過去的國家壟斷進入政商互利共生的複雜局面。公民社會及媒改團體對資本邏輯主導的媒體環境不滿，乃轉而訴求國家以公權力介入控制商業力量的浮濫，希望開創媒體公共化的空間。後期，資本勢力越益壟斷與集中，影響力也隨之提升，資本與國家相互競合程度也就越高，而政商結構內的矛盾，反而有利於社會運動對市場導向的權力結構進行結構改革。 有別於過去以新自由主義理論為主的媒體研究（強調市場機制主宰媒體），本文強調，第一，在同時拉長時間軸及報紙、有線電視及無線電視三種媒體的交叉分析下，證明市場導向的政策只是表面的結果，實質上的主因是執政黨為鞏固自身權利；第二，國家、市場與公民三者價值各異的行為者之間互動關係的轉變會影響台灣媒體政策的產出，並非是純粹的市場導向；第三，政黨輪替前後結構的差異使國家、市場以及公民社會有不同的策略經營。 / The main purpose of this study is to discuss the transition of mass media after abolishing martial law through the approach of political economy. This study explains the different structural forms among nation, capital and civil society and how these forms shape the transitions of Taiwanese media policy after abolishing martial law. Considering the first party alternation as watershed, the transition can be divided into three periods. The first period is under the governance of Kuomintang and the relation between nation and capital is still clientelistic. Therefore media reformation groups in the civil society choose to alley with capital powers that try get out of governmental control. They also make use of political issues that are similar to their appeals to protest against governmental monopoly over media and ask political power to withdraw from media administration. In the second period capital power get rid of governmental control after party alternation, and capital and nation construct a new privileged power structure together. The media that should be shared by all citizens transform from national monopoly to the complex situation of mutualism between political and commercial powers. Civil society and media reformation groups are discontent with capital dominant media, therefore they request nation to control the abuse of commercial power through public authority and hope to create civil media spaces. In the last period, as capital power gets more monopolistic and effective, the higher is the co-competition between capital and nation. The contradiction in political-commercial structure turns out to benefit the structural reformation in market orientation structure carried out by social movements. Different from the media studies that focused on New Liberalism in the past which concentrated on market mechanism control over media, this study emphasized on three points. First, based on longer period of time and cross analysis of newspaper, cable television and broadcast television, the study proves that market orientation policy is only surface result and the actual reason is that the ruling party wants to strengthen its own right. Second, the transitions of mutual relations among nation, market and citizens with different aims will affect the output of Taiwanese media policy and make it not purely market orientation. The third, the structural difference between pre-and post-party alternation makes nation, market and civil society design different business strategies.

2001年5月交通部電信總局決定，我國數位電視地面傳輸標準以往訂定為美規ATSC系統，但由於科技不斷進步，電總將採技術中立，由業者自行決定採用歐規DVB-T或美規。技術的意見未受到政治干預而予實踐，在台灣政策科學發展過程中，係一重要的案例。 就歐規的整體發展來看，傳統無線電視產業的垂直整合，已逐漸被數位無線電視產業的垂直分工及水平整合趨勢所取代，台灣從垂直壟斷系統電視體制轉移至水平整合垂直分割，如此標準化的轉移自有其意義。本研究以DVB的歷史來源脈絡導入作為分析的起點，探討台灣從美規轉換為歐規所帶來產業革新的意義，及導引政策的落實。 南韓在政府的強力主導下，其數位無線電視的規格採用美規ATSC，但是行動接收則開放給了歐規，其數位電視規格消長過程和台灣極為類似，係一比較性研究之對象。 2003年及2006年台灣公視基金受新聞局委託，建置第二單頻網傳輸系統，準備建立製播分離與共同傳輸平台機制的公共政策，公共廣電媒體身處於多媒體、多頻道競爭的生態環境中，面對數位科技的挑戰，亦有其角色定位的變化。 依據本研究的理論架構，台灣的標準化模式係已轉移為在地特有的樣貌。 台灣實踐歐規標準除了目前15個數位電視台產業的發展，還導引出公共政策的決策，公共電視台扮演「機制黏著劑」的功能，建立參與者之間的共識基礎，最後形成相關的產業政策，其顯示的意義係由市民社會為了共同的理念建立往上推的範例。由DVB-T政策的制定，導引出這些現象觀察，DVB-T確有改革的意義。 / May 2001 Directorate General of Telecommunications, Ministry of Transportation and Communications made a bottom-up decision due to consecutive development of science and technology. The Directorate General took a neutral stand to let digital TV enterprises select freely whether they preferred still attached to the existed ATSC or switched to DVB-T once their standards needed to be adopted. Such a new technical idea, not only without meddling by political forces, but also smoothly put into practice, indeed became an important case in the evolving communications policies in Taiwan. From the viewpoint of general development of DVB, the vertical integration of the traditional broadcast industry has been gradually replaced by the horizontal integration of video broadcast industry. In Taiwan, the transfer of standardizations from ATSC to DVB-T has its own significance. This study began with the analysis of the origin of DVB as research guidelines, in order to comprehend the significance of industrial innovations in the transferring from ATSC to DVB-T, and understand what policy concern been put into practice. Complied with the clear state’s guidance, South Korea’s digital TV adopted ATSC, however its mobile application adopted T-DMB. The similarity of digital TV adoption between Taiwan and South Korea turned out to be a typical subject for comparative study. In both 2003 and 2006 Government Information Office entrusted Taiwan Public TV a fund to conduct single frequency network in preparation for establishing a transmission platform. Competing with the multi-media and multi-channel business and facing the challenge of digitization, public service broadcasting is entitled to many different roles it plays during transition. Based on the framework of this study, the DTV standardization in Taiwan obviously belongs to a local version of its globalization. In practice, DVB-T in Taiwan has not only been applied by five terrestrial broadcasters, but also brought the concept of DVB into practice. Public TV, functioning its “institutional glue”, reached a consensus among participants, and eventually facilitated concerned industrial policies been set up, which indeed indicating a multilayer of civilian forces were grouped together through a bottom-up decision model. All those observations of policy decision and its application have certainly generated from the adoption of DVB-T.

做為新制度流派之一的歷史制度論認為：一政策的成形，乃為情境中各要角(actor)勢力的競逐過程。研究者則在探討，做為競逐場域的共同傳輸公司，各要角勢力的競逐態勢，又將對未來台灣數位無線電視的樣貌，產生什麼樣的影響？ 本研究提出，要探討台灣共同傳輸公司的建構意涵，需回到歐洲公共廣電媒體數位化的發展脈絡進行考察，並再回到台灣的情境脈絡中，定義共同傳輸公司於台灣的建置意涵為何。 研究者從八國（英國、瑞典、西班牙、法國、荷蘭、芬蘭、愛爾蘭、義大利）歐洲公共廣電媒體數位化的過程，歸納出三套共同傳輸公司的類型，包括：「既有獨佔型」、「準公共事業型」，及「市場競爭型」。本研究除分析這三種傳輸公司類型移植台灣的意義為何，並進一步評估其移植的可行性。另外，本研究亦針對共同傳輸公司議題，對未來「NCC作用法」的修法方向提出建議。 / The goal of Historical Institutionalism is one of the sects of New Institutionalism. It focus on finding, measuring and tracing patterns and sequences of social, political, economic behavior and change across time and space. Historical Institutionalism argue that the actors involved in the social context are the important variables for understanding political outcomes. This study try to find out the process of transmission company construction in Taiwan based on the viewpoint of historical institutionalism. Taiwan government plans to switch of the analog terrestrial television before 2010. Government try to stop the vertical integration of terrestrial television. Then also plan to construct the transmission company. This study compares with the process of digitalization of European public service broadcasting, and typologies 3 forms of transmission company, including ‘Existing-monopoly Type’, ‘Quasi-public service Type’ and ‘Market-competition Type’. After that, continuing thinking about the adaptability of three types in Taiwan. And also interprets the connotation of development of transmission company in Taiwan.