Opening migratory pathways is crucial for the brown trout´s ability to recolonize spawning- and rearing areas, in order to complete its lifecycle. Damming rivers for hydropower production has created obstacles for migration, and nature-like fishways are one measure used to recreate connectivity. The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis was to find out how the nature-like fishway, constructed in 2016, at Billsta power plant, central Sweden, was used by migratory brown trout for upstream and downstream passage, and to observe if the migration pattern changed over time, between 2018-2020. The collected data comes from an automatic fish-counter that has been located upstream of the nature-like fishway. To analyze the data, recorded trout were categorized into two length classes, spawning-size and smolt-size, according to criteria from the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV). Since individual fish could not be identified, a method for daily “net migration” was been developed to estimate the direction of migration. The results showed that net migration of spawning-size trout was greater upstream than downstream. Net upstream migration of spawning size trout tended to increase over time, but not the net downstream migration. There was no difference between net upstream and net downstream migration smolt-size trout, but the net downstream migration smolt-size trout increased over time. The study showed that there was substantial use of Billsta nature-like fishway for brown trout of both spawning- and smolt-sizes, for both upstream and downstream migration. The migration pattern was partly as expected but, upstream migration of smolt-size trout suggests that there is a considerable population of stationary trout passing the fish-counter. The study highlights the importance of monitoring the results of the restoration and implementing improvement measures where necessary. Billstaån has regained open migration pathways, but more time is needed to evaluate its effect and find out if the ecosystem works so that Storsjöns unique, large sized, migratory brown trout stocks once again have the conditions to complete their lifecycle in Billstaån. / Fria vandringsvägar är avgörande för öringens förmåga att återkolonisera lek- och uppväxthabitat, vid fungerande lek- och smoltvandring kan öringen fullborda sin livscykel. Vattenkraftsproduktion har skapat vandringshinder och naturlika fiskvägar är en åtgärd för att återskapa konnektivitet. Syftet med den här kandidatuppsatsen var att ta reda på hur den nedersta naturlika fiskvägen, skapad 2016 vid Billsta kraftverk i mellersta Sverige, nyttjades av vandrande öringar för uppströms och nedströms passage och observera om vandringsmönstret förändrades över tid, mellan 2018–2020. Rådatan kommer från en automatisk fiskräknare som funnits placerad uppströms den naturlika fiskvägen. För att analysera datan delades öringen in efter två längdstorlekar, lek- och smoltstorlek, enligt kriterier från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Eftersom individuell fisk inte gick att identifiera har en metod för daglig ”nettovandring” utarbetats för att uppskatta vandringens riktning. Resultatet visade att fler öringar i lekfiskstorlek nettouppvandrade än nettonedvandrade. Nettouppvandring av lekfiskstorlek tenderade att öka över tid men inte nettonedvandringen. Det var ingen skillnad mellan nettoupp- och nettonedvandrande öring i smoltstorlek, men nettonedvandringen av öring i smoltstorlek ökade över tid. Studien visade att Billsta naturlika fiskväg nyttjades väl av öring i både lekfisk- och smoltstorlek för både uppströms- och nedströmsvandring. Vandringsmönstret var delvis som förväntat, men när det gäller smoltstorlekens vandring var det snarare bäcköringens vandring än smoltens vandringsmönster som analyserades. Studien belyser vikten av att övervaka resultatet av restaureringen och implementera förbättringsåtgärder där så behövs. Billstaåån har återfått fria vandringsvägar men mer tid behövs för att utvädera dess effekt och ta reda på om ekosystemet fungerar så att Storsjöns unika, storvuxna, lekvandrande öringstam återigen fått förutsättningar att fullborda sin livscykel i Billstaån.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn silage hybrids and nonforage fiber sources (NFFS) in high forage diets formulated with high dietary proportion of alfalfa hay (AH) and corn silage (CS) on ruminal fermentation and productive performance by early lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 36 ± 6.2 d in milk were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows were fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments during each of the four 21-d periods. Treatments were: 1) conventional corn silage (CCS)-based diet without NFFS, 2) CCS-based diet with NFFS, 3) brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS)-based diet without NFFS, and 4) BMRCS-based diet with NFFS. Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Sources of NFFS consisted of ground soyhulls and pelleted beet pulp to replace a portion of AH and CS in the diets. In vitro 30-h NDF degradability was greater for BRMCS than CCS (42.3 vs. 31.2%). Neither CS hybrids nor NFFS affected intake of DM and nutrients. Digestibility of N, NDF, and ADF tended to be greater for cows consuming CCS-based diets. Milk yield was not influenced by CS hybrids and NFFS. However, a tendency for an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS occurred with increasing milk yield due to feeding NFFS with the BMRCS-based diets. Yields of milk fat and 3.5% FCM decreased when feeding the BMRCS-based diet, and there was a tendency for an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS by further decreased milk fat concentration because of feeding NFFS with BMRCS-based diet. Although feed efficiency (milk/DM intake) was not affected by corn silage hybrids and NFFS, there was an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS because feed efficiency increased when NFFS was fed only with BMRCS-based diet. Total VFA production and individual molar proportion were not affected by diets. Dietary treatments did not influence ruminal pH profiles except that duration (h/d) of pH < 5.8 decreased when NFFS was fed in CCS-based diet but not in a BMRCS-based diet, causing a tendency for an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS. Overall measurements in our study reveal that high forage NDF concentration (20% DM on average) may eliminate potentially positive effects of BMRCS. In the high forage diets, NFFS exerted limited effects on productive performance when they replaced AH and CS. Although the high quality AH provided adequate NDF (38.3% DM) for optimal rumen fermentative function, the low NDF concentration of the AH and the overall forage particle size reduced physically effective fiber and milk fat concentration.

The Logan River flowing southwesterly through the mountains of Cache County, Utah is comparatively cold to the mouth of Logan Canyon. The stream is characterized by steep gradient, a high velocity and relatively few pools. A total of 1053 brown trout were examined during the course of this study; 286 were retained for age and growth determinations. The body scale relationship is L : 40.46 mm. + 0.4l85R + 0.01908R^2 where L equals standard length in millimeters and R equals scale radius times 80.

Brown trout (Salmo trutta), demonstrated an avoidance response to a range of intensities of artificial ultraviolet radiation in a laboratory setting. UV field measurements were made under a variety of riparian canopies in a mountain river system. UV values at various depth regimes were compared with laboratory response values. Results suggested that ultraviolet light could be a factor in the absence of brown trout in particular habitat types at various times during the daylight hours. Visible light intensity response values were also obtained under the same experimental and field conditions. These data suggested that visible light also could be a contributing factor in the absence of brown trout in different habitat types. Visible light may be of equal importance to ultraviolet light in eliciting an avoidance response in brown trout.

Genom samarbete med konsultföretaget Tyréns har detta examensarbetet undersökt hur en säkrare prognos kan erhållas för bergprojektering. Till underlag undersöktes ett aktuellt projekt i Jakobshyttan, med fokus på släntstabilisering. Med avseende att identifiera de osäkerheter sompåverkar bestämmandet av bergets parametrar har parametrarnas inverkan på stabiliteten och dess kostnadseffekt på stabilisering studerats. Framtagandet av de relevanta parametrarna identifierades genom litteraturstudie, Tyréns bergtekniska prognos, relevanta handlingar för området och studiebesök på arbetsplats. Vidare utfördes en känslighetsanalys på de parametrar som var relevanta för stabilitets problematiken, för att utvärdera de kritiska gränserna för respektive parameter. För arbetet användes Barton och Bandis brottvillkor baserat på den bergtekniska informationen som fanns tillgänglig. Slutligen utfördes en kostnadsberäkning för deparametrar som identifierats med eventuella osäkerheter, för att ge perspektiv på effekten av osäkerhet. Resultatet visade att parametrarna JRC och residualfriktionsvinkel hade kraftig inverkan på stabiliteten. Parametrarnas värde bestämdes enligt föreslagen metodik från Trafikverkets handbok för bergprojektering och uppskattats genom tabeller baserade på empiriska fall. Sammanfattningsvis har den rekommenderade metodiken från Trafikverket ansetts som bristfällig och ger utrymme för felbedömningar i projekteringsskedet. / Through collaboration with the consulting company Tyréns, this thesis has investigated how a more reliable forecast can be obtained for rock design. As a basis, a current project in Jakobshyttan was investigated, focusing on slope stabilization. With regard to identifying the uncertainties that affect the determination of the rock parameters, the parameters impact on thestability and its cost effect on stabilization have been studied. The relevant parameters were identified through literature study, Tyréns forecast of rock technology, relevant documents for thearea and study visits to the workplace. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the parameters that were relevant to the stability problem, in order to evaluate the critical limits foreach parameter. The thesis used Barton and Bandis failure criteria based on the rock technical information that was available in the project. At last a cost calculation was performed to provide perspective on the effects of each of the parameters identified as being uncertain. The results showed that the parameters JRC and residual friction angle had a big impact on the stability. The value of the parameters was determined according to the proposed methodology from the customer, the Swedish Transport Administration, and was estimated through tables based on empirical cases. In summary, the recommended methodology from the Swedish Transport Administration has been considered deficient and leaves room for incorrect assessments in the design phase.

Yoshinori Hiraoka, Tatsuhiko Matsuoka, Mikiko Ohno, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Sayaka Saijo, Shigenobu Matsumura, Kiyoto Nishi, Jiro Sakamoto, Po-Min Chen, Kazuo Inoue, Tohru Fushiki, Toru Kita, Takeshi Kimura & Eiichiro Nishi "Critical roles of nardilysin in the maintenance of body temperature homoeostasis" Nature Communications 5, Article number: 3224 doi:10.1038/ncomms4224 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18454号 / 医博第3909号 / 新制||医||1004(附属図書館) / 31332 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邉 大, 教授 福田 和彦, 教授 瀬原 淳子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18828号 / 理博第4086号 / 新制||理||1587(附属図書館) / 31779 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 中野 伸一, 准教授 谷内 茂雄, 教授 高橋 淑子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19785号 / 農博第2181号 / 新制||農||1042(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N5001(農学部図書室) / 32821 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 河田 照雄, 教授 金本 龍平, 教授 谷 史人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13168号 / 論医博第2155号 / 新制||医||1029(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 道行, 教授 川口 義弥, 教授 近藤 玄 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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