Der Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz sollten durch die kommunalen Sparzwänge 42% des Medienetats für das Jahr 2010 gekürzt werden, obwohl sie die meistbesuchteste Kultureinrichtung von Chemnitz ist. Der Förderverein der Stadtbibliothek e.V. hat dagegen in vielfältiger Form Protest eingelegt und tausende Bürger motiviert dagegen zu protestieren. Dies mit Erfolg: Die Kürzungen wurden teilweise zurückgenommen.

abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine job satisfaction among school administrators who were involved in the teacher RIF (reduction in force) process in the spring of 2009. The study attempts to ascertain the effects of RIF on administrator job satisfaction in one, large, urban school district in Arizona and what impact, if any, the RIF process may have on the district and its personnel in the future. This study will question to what extent administrators within sample district are satisfied with their jobs, to what extent demographic information such as years of experience, age, gender, district position, and school level correlate with job satisfaction of administrators, in what ways has administrative job satisfaction been affected by the RIF process, what aspects of the RIF processes correlate with administrative job satisfaction, and what suggestions, if any, do administrators have regarding future RIF notifications during that time. This study will also recommend methods of notification delivery, advocate for administrator job satisfaction, and report any correlations within our findings to the sample district for review and consideration for the future. This study found that most administrators are very satisfied with their jobs, but the RIF process was somewhat influential in affecting their job satisfaction. Additionally, it seems that the higher the job position, the higher the job satisfaction. Advanced age, higher educational accomplishment, and longevity in one`s current position also correlated with high job satisfaction. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Administration and Supervision 2011

The current economic situation in the U.S. has demanded budget cuts in all areas of American life, including education. Faced with these unprecedented cuts, many arts programs are losing their funding. Many art educators are finding it a challenge to provide art education without compromising the quality of the curriculum and program. Through a comparative analysis of materials and fundraisers and a document analysis of money saving tips, strategies are suggested for art teachers to save and find money.

The current economic situation in the U.S. has demanded budget cuts in all areas of American life, including education. Faced with these unprecedented cuts, many arts programs are losing their funding. Many art educators are finding it a challenge to provide art education without compromising the quality of the curriculum and program. Through a comparative analysis of materials and fundraisers and a document analysis of money saving tips, strategies are suggested for art teachers to save and find money.

Der Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz sollten durch die kommunalen Sparzwänge 42% des Medienetats für das Jahr 2010 gekürzt werden, obwohl sie die meistbesuchteste Kultureinrichtung von Chemnitz ist. Der Förderverein der Stadtbibliothek e.V. hat dagegen in vielfältiger Form Protest eingelegt und tausende Bürger motiviert dagegen zu protestieren. Dies mit Erfolg: Die Kürzungen wurden teilweise zurückgenommen.

There is always competition between regions when it comes to their needs after facing a conflict, disaster, or long-term crisis. Donors allocating ODA or Humanitarian Assistance must decide to whom they want to allocate their support. While the literature broadly identifies the motivation for sending allocation to specific recipients and not to others, it has not yet researched the processes of the opposite, the reduction or break-off of aid allocation. This thesis researches the topic at the level of Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA). The question focuses on donors of bilateral HMA allocation and their motives of decision-making, when under financial pressure and forced to shorten their overall HMA budget. Using a most-different in-depth case study based on two steps on the cases of Australia and Germany, the question is researched, if the donors base their decisions and priorities on the needs of people when they have to reduce HMA budgets. The findings show that HMA rarely is documented separately and mostly connected either with ODA or Humanitarian Assistance. To get clear answers about the thoughts and motivations of decision-makers when it comes to the reduction or cut of HMA allocation, deeper research including interviews is needed.

Au-delà de la capacité des systèmes à faire face aux crises sanitaires, investir en prévention devrait se lire « investir pour la santé » dans la perspective plus large d’une amélioration du bien-être des populations. Plusieurs études démontrent que les programmes de santé publique contribuent à prévenir la mortalité, améliorent la qualité de vie et réduisent les coûts des soins de santé sur le court et long terme (Dyakova et al. 2017 ; Masters et al. 2017). Pourtant, le portrait des dépenses de santé dans la plupart des pays suggère un sous-financement inquiétant des dépenses préventives en santé. Ce mémoire propose un cadre formel pour démystifier les dynamiques politiques et financières sous-jacentes à la prise de décision des gouvernements en place en matière d’investissement en santé préventive. Plus précisément, il est question d’analyser les variations des dépenses en santé publique dans les provinces canadiennes de 1975 à 2018. En s’intéressant à l’organisation du système de santé dans son ensemble et au gré des réformes politiques et structurelles des provinces, les résultats de l’analyse qualitative montrent que l’émergence du nouveau management public (NMP) dans les années 1990 a globalement contribué à la diminution accordée à la prévention. L’analyse quantitative quant à elle, énonce les éléments conjoncturels et structurels financiers qui participent à la variation des dépenses en santé publique. En considérant le financement en santé publique comme un investissement à long terme, il a été démontré que les dépenses préventives ne sont pas aussi largement soutenues et constituent des investissements à long terme discrets avec peu d’appuis dans la société. Cela implique, du point de vue financier, que ce type de dépenses est plus propice aux coupures budgétaires, surtout en période de récession et de crise économique. / Beyond the capacity of systems to deal with health crises, investing in prevention should read “investing for health” in the broader perspective of improving the well-being of populations. Several studies demonstrate that public health programs help prevent mortality, improve quality of life and reduce health care costs in the short and long term (Dyakova et al. 2017; Masters et al. 2017). However, the portrait of health expenditure in most countries suggests a worrying underfunding of preventive health expenditure. This thesis proposes a formal framework to demystify the political and financial dynamics underlying the decision-making of governments in place in terms of investment in public health. More specifically, we analyze the variations in public health expenditure in the Canadian provinces from 1975 to 2018. By focusing on the organization of the health system as a whole, according to political and structural reforms over time, the results of the qualitative analysis show that the emergence of new public management (NPM) in the early 1990 contributed overall to the reduction granted to prevention. The quantitative analysis, for its part, sets out the economic and structural financial elements that contribute to the variation in public health expenditure. Viewing public health funding as a long-term investment, it has been shown that preventive spending is not as widely supported and is a discrete long-term investment with little support in society. This implies, from a financial point of view, that this type of spending is more prone to budget cuts, especially in times of recession and economic crisis.

Bakgrund: I en konkurrenskraftig miljö med föränderliga villkor krävs en tillämpning av sofistikerade styrverktyg inom ett företags ekonomistyrsystem. Verksamheten PostNord AB har i och med en bolagisering och avreglering genomgått en strukturomvandling men har fortfarande ett statligt uppdrag samtidigt som de konkurrerar med helt kommersiella företag. Problemdiskussion: PostNord AB får i dagsläget inte önskad effekt på styrning i verksamheten då det brister i förhållning till budgeten. Detta har utmynnat i en diskussion kring relationen mellan budget och prestationsmätning och dess styreffekter i organisationen. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att kartlägga PostNord ABs ekonomistyrsystem med särskilt fokus på budget och prestationsmätningar och dess styreffekter i organisationen. Vidare är syftet att ge rekommendationer på förändringar av dagens styrsystem, vilka kan ge en förbättrad styreffekt inom PostNord AB - Region Växjö. Metod: Studien innefattar en fallstudie som forskningsdesign. Insamlingen av empiriskt material har skett genom intervjuer, dokument och observationer. Intervjuerna har utförts semi-strukturerat och respondenturvalet har skett utifrån ett kedje- samt lämplighetsurval. Resultat: Problemområden beträffande ekonomistyrsystemets styreffekter har identifierats där förbättringsförslag rörarande företagets mest kritiska områden har rekommenderats. Dessa innefattar en nedtoning av budgeten till förmån för prestationsmätningar, mål kopplade till mått, ökad kommunikation mellan nivåerna samt förhöjd motivation genom ökat deltagande. Slutsats: Marknaden som PostNord AB verkar på kännetecknas av tämligen fasta spelregler med en likartad infrastruktur för distribution. Avgörandet för företagets framgång beror på hur det på mest fördelaktiga sätt kan anpassa och maximera sin verksamhet efter rådande villkor. Detta talar för en ökad användning av processinriktade prestationsmätningar. / Background: In a competitive environment with changing conditions the use of sophisticated management tool are required within a company’s management control system. The company Post Nord AB has, with corporatisation and deregulation undergone a structural change, but still has a state-mandated while competing with fully commercial enterprises. Problems Discussion: Post Nord AB is in the current situation not receiving the desired effect on the control of the business when because of imperfections in the attitude to the budget. This has led to a discussion on the relationship between budget and performance measurement and its control effects in the organization. Purpose: The aim of the study is to map Post Nord AB’s management control system with particular focus on the budget and performance measurements and its control effects in the organization. A further purpose is to provide recommendations on changes to the current control system, which can enhance the control effect in Post Nord AB - Region Växjö. Method: The study includes a case study research design. The collection of empirical data were collected through interviews, documents and observations. The interviews were conducted semi- structured and the selection were based on a chain and suitability selection. Results: Issues concerning control effects of the management control system have been identified and improvement proposals have been recommended. These include a dimming of the budget in favor of performance measurements, goals related to measurement, increased communication between levels and enhanced motivation through increased participation. Conclusion: PostNord AB acts on a market characterized by fairly fixed rules with a similar distribution infrastructure. The essential for the company’s success depends on how it in most beneficial ways can customize and maximize their business to the prevailing conditions. This suggests an increased use of process-oriented performance measurements.