Rail Overhead Line (ROL) is a design tool, owned by the company Bentley Systems AB. The design tool is used by overhead line engineers at Sweco Rail to design contact line for electric railway. Sweco Rail intends to establish themselves on the Norwegian market together with their sister company Sweco A/S. Before entry into the new market, a development of ROL is required. The objective with the thesis has been to identify the requirements and the development needs, which are required to adapt ROL against the Norwegian market.The administrations Jernbaneverket and Trafikverket, which are major customers to Sweco, requires more often that Building Information Model (BIM) is to be used in their projects. The goal with the use of BIM is to lead the work to a more efficient management, as well as reduce the risk of information being lost between various stages and processes within the projects. Before entry on the Norwegian market, it is therefore necessary of Sweco Rail and Bentley to adjust ROL in order to be able to deliver 3D-models. The 3D-models have to fulfill the requirements that the Norwegian administration Jernbaneverket demands of the use of BIM in projects.To identify the development needs that are required for a Norwegian adjustment of ROL; interviews, observations and a study of governing documents was performed. Customer needs were identified and translated to requirements. These requirements led to the identified development needs.The result showed that 56 development needs have to be fulfilled before ROL can be used as a design tool on the Norwegian market. The identified development needs include actions with the intention that the design tool can be used in greater extension on the Swedish market. Sweco and their resources can rectify 22 of the 56 development needs. For the remaining 34 development needs, the owners Bentley Systems need to take responsibility for the solutions that is required to satisfy the needs. / Rail Overhead Line (ROL) är ett projekteringsverktyg, vilket ägs av företaget Bentley Systems AB och används av kontaktledningsprojektörer på Sweco Rail. Projekteringsverktyget används för att projektera kontaktledningsanläggningar. Sweco Rail AB har för avsikt att etablera sig på den norska marknaden tillsammans med systerbolaget Sweco A/S. Inför etableringen på den nya marknaden erfordras en utveckling av ROL för att verktyget skall kunna nyttjas vid projektering i Norge. Syftet med arbetet har varit att identifiera de krav och utvecklingsbehov som krävs i avsikt att anpassa ROL för den norska marknaden.Det blir allt mer vanligt att förvaltningarna Jernbaneverket och Trafikverket, vilka är stora kunder till Sweco, ställer krav på att arbetssättet Building Information Model (BIM) skall användas i projekt. Målet med användningen av BIM är att få en effektivare förvaltning samt reducera risken för att information försvinner mellan olika skeden i projekten och processer. Inför etableringen på den norska marknaden behöver därför Sweco och Bentley Systems anpassa ROL för att bland annat kunna leverera 3D-modeller vilka uppfyller de krav norska Jernbaneverket ställer på användningen av BIM i projekt.För att identifiera utvecklingsbehoven, vilka krävs för en norsk anpassning av ROL, genomfördes intervjuer, observationer samt en studie av styrdokument. Kundbehov identifierades och översattes till krav, vilka även låg till grund för de identifierade utvecklingsbehoven.Resultatet av arbetet visade att det finns 56 stycken utvecklingsbehov, vilka behöver uppfyllas för att ROL skall kunna användas vid projektering för den norska marknaden. Av de identifierade utvecklingsbehoven återfinns även åtgärder av verktyget vilka skulle kunna gynna projekteringen på den svenska marknaden. 22 stycken av de 56 utvecklingsbehoven kan Sweco åtgärda med hjälp av sina resurser på företaget. För de resterande 34 utvecklingsbehoven behöver ägarna av ROL, Bentley Systems, ta ansvar för de lösningar som krävs för att behoven skall tillfredsställas.

Byggbranschen står inför stora förändringar i framtiden i och med att BIM (Building Information Model/Modelling/Management) successivt introduceras inom området. BIM innebär en förändrad arbetsmetod som kan ge förbättrade möjligheter att minska tidsåtgången och omarbetningar i ett förprojekteringsskede samt skapa ett effektivare projekterings- och produktionsskede med färre fel. BIM är ett relativt nytt sätt att inom byggbranschen bedriva projekt och innebär en förändring för olika skeden inom byggprocessen vilket påverkar inblandade parter. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur Peab i Kiruna på bästa sätt kan nyttja möjligheterna som finns med BIM samt redogöra för några av de förändringar BIM kan innebära jämfört med nuvarande arbetsmetoder. En teoretisk del beskriver BIM och dess för- och nackdelar inom olika områden samt vilka hinder det finns för arbetsmetoden. Ett resultat baserat på den teoretiska delen förklarar att BIM i dagsläget främst bör nyttjas av Peab i Kiruna i ett anbudsskede, där ett förfrågningsunderlag görs om till en BIM-modell. Detta kan leda till underlättande för företaget att se fel i förfrågningsunderlag samt att utförande av mängdavtagning och kalkylering kan ske på ett enklare sätt. Detta kräver dock att företaget har kompetensen som krävs för att kunna skapa BIM-modeller samt att de bekostar licenser förnödvändiga programvaror. Vidare förklaras det i rapporten hur tillämpning av BIM i ett anbudsskede kan ske, via ett praktiskt genomförande där möjligheterna och nyttorna med att utföra mängdavtagning av en BIM-modell beskrivs. Mängdavtagningen utfördes i CAD-programmet Autodesk Revit där en byggnad användes som modell. Genom att i programmet använda lämpliga funktioner, kan valfria nyttovärden erhållas från valfritt material i byggnaden. Om Peab kan använda BIM på detta sätt i sin arbetsmetod kommer det att underlätta för företaget vid framtida projekt och kan möjligtvis även utgöra ett första steg för en implementering av BIM i dess projekterings- och produktionsskede. / The construction industry is facing major changes in the future, as a result of BIM (Building Information Model/Modelling/Management) that gradually makes its arrival. BIM implies a changed working method that can provide improved possibilities to reduce time and rework in the pre-planning stage and create a more efficient design and production stage with fewer errors. BIM is a relatively new way of conducting projects in the construction industry and implies a change in different sections of the building process, which affects involved parts. The purpose of the study is to find out how Peab in Kiruna in the best possible way can take advantage of the potential of BIM, also describe some of the changes BIM can mean compared to current practices. A theoretical part describes BIM and its advantages and disadvantages in different areas and explains the barriers that exist for the working method. A result based on the theoretical part explains that BIM today primarily should be utilized by Peab in Kiruna in a tender stage where a contract document is converted to a BIM model. While this may help them to see errors in the specifications, they also can perform quantity takeoff and calculation in an easier way. However, this requires that the company has the expertise necessary for creating BIM models and that they pay for licenses for the essential software. Further, it is explained in the report how this can be done, by a practical implementation carried out where an outlining of the potential and benefits of performing quantity takeoff of a BIM model is shown. The quantity takeoff is performed in the CAD software Autodesk Revit, where a building was used as a model. By using suitable functionsin the program, optional utility values can be obtained from optional materials in the building. If Peab can use BIM in this manner in their working method, it will make it easier for them in future projects and could even be a first step for an implementation of BIM in their design and production stage.

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O presente trabalho de mestrado estuda a aplicação de tecnologias e ferramentas de modelagem virtual e prototipagem rápida em projeto de Arquitetura, abordando casos em escritórios brasileiros e instituições de ensino que utilizam laboratórios de prototipagem rápida no desenvolvimento de projeto. A partir da revisão bibliográfica abrangendo processo de projeto, projeto paramétrico, modelagem virtual, Building Information Model(ing), prototipagem rápida, buscou-se desenvolver a ligação do trabalho acadêmico desses temas com a prática e o desenvolvimento de projeto a fim de estudar as interferências, potencialidades e desdobramentos que tais tecnologias podem oferecer no desenvolvimento de projeto de arquitetura. Dois estudos de campo foram desenvolvidos para observar como as tecnologias estão influenciando a prática de projeto: através do estudo de campo descritivo junto a cinco escritórios de arquitetura do estado de São Paulo, levantaram-se os diversos usos que têm sido feitos dessas ferramentas na prática de projeto. Utilizou-se também o estudo de campo exploratório que contou com três instituições de ensino de excelência que utilizam métodos atuais com inserção de ferramentas de modelagem virtual paramétrica junto aos laboratórios de Fabricação Digital da FEC/UNICAMP, Brasil, AA, Londres, Inglaterra e UTL, Lisboa, Portugal observou-se as mudanças na prática do ensino de projeto. Conclui-se que a inserção dessas tecnologias no ensino e na prática de projeto tem um papel transformador na forma de se projetar envolvendo mudança nas práticas decisórias, simulação, experimentação, representação de projeto, geração de documentos, colaboração entre projetistas, etc. Porém, esses grupos acadêmicos, que utilizam a tecnologia em prol da concepção e produção de uma arquitetura contemporânea, não refletem a realidade da prática profissional pesquisada onde os escritórios utilizam software com conceito BIM isoladamente já que escritórios de projetos complementares não utilizam a mesma tecnologia. / This master research work studies the employment of tools like virtual modeling and rapid prototyping on architectural designs trough educational institutions and commercial offices case studies from that use Rapid Prototyping Laboratories during the design process. Based on a literature review regarding design process, parametric design, virtual modeling, Building Information Model(ing) and rapid prototyping, connection between academic knowledge and potential design were performed in order to study the potentials, interferences, and future these technologies can offer to architectural design process. Two field studies were employed to investigate how technologies are influencing the design projects. The descriptive work presents the professional practice reality in São Paulo, Brazil, through interviews with five architectural design offices that are using these tools in different ways during the design project. The exploratory study was performed at three schools of excellent: University of Campinas, Brazil, Architectural Association in London, UK and Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal where the methodology employs parametric virtual modeling technology, giving evidence of changes in design teaching using the Digital Fabrication facilities. It concludes that the use of these technologies on design project teaching and practice a hanger the way of design, involving decision-making, simulation, design drawings, documents generation and collaboration between designers. However the academic research groups that use the technology for contemporary design conception and production do not represent the professional practice reality once they are using the BIM software on an isolated way given that complementary design offices don\'t have access to the same technology.

O presente trabalho de mestrado estuda a aplicação de tecnologias e ferramentas de modelagem virtual e prototipagem rápida em projeto de Arquitetura, abordando casos em escritórios brasileiros e instituições de ensino que utilizam laboratórios de prototipagem rápida no desenvolvimento de projeto. A partir da revisão bibliográfica abrangendo processo de projeto, projeto paramétrico, modelagem virtual, Building Information Model(ing), prototipagem rápida, buscou-se desenvolver a ligação do trabalho acadêmico desses temas com a prática e o desenvolvimento de projeto a fim de estudar as interferências, potencialidades e desdobramentos que tais tecnologias podem oferecer no desenvolvimento de projeto de arquitetura. Dois estudos de campo foram desenvolvidos para observar como as tecnologias estão influenciando a prática de projeto: através do estudo de campo descritivo junto a cinco escritórios de arquitetura do estado de São Paulo, levantaram-se os diversos usos que têm sido feitos dessas ferramentas na prática de projeto. Utilizou-se também o estudo de campo exploratório que contou com três instituições de ensino de excelência que utilizam métodos atuais com inserção de ferramentas de modelagem virtual paramétrica junto aos laboratórios de Fabricação Digital da FEC/UNICAMP, Brasil, AA, Londres, Inglaterra e UTL, Lisboa, Portugal observou-se as mudanças na prática do ensino de projeto. Conclui-se que a inserção dessas tecnologias no ensino e na prática de projeto tem um papel transformador na forma de se projetar envolvendo mudança nas práticas decisórias, simulação, experimentação, representação de projeto, geração de documentos, colaboração entre projetistas, etc. Porém, esses grupos acadêmicos, que utilizam a tecnologia em prol da concepção e produção de uma arquitetura contemporânea, não refletem a realidade da prática profissional pesquisada onde os escritórios utilizam software com conceito BIM isoladamente já que escritórios de projetos complementares não utilizam a mesma tecnologia. / This master research work studies the employment of tools like virtual modeling and rapid prototyping on architectural designs trough educational institutions and commercial offices case studies from that use Rapid Prototyping Laboratories during the design process. Based on a literature review regarding design process, parametric design, virtual modeling, Building Information Model(ing) and rapid prototyping, connection between academic knowledge and potential design were performed in order to study the potentials, interferences, and future these technologies can offer to architectural design process. Two field studies were employed to investigate how technologies are influencing the design projects. The descriptive work presents the professional practice reality in São Paulo, Brazil, through interviews with five architectural design offices that are using these tools in different ways during the design project. The exploratory study was performed at three schools of excellent: University of Campinas, Brazil, Architectural Association in London, UK and Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal where the methodology employs parametric virtual modeling technology, giving evidence of changes in design teaching using the Digital Fabrication facilities. It concludes that the use of these technologies on design project teaching and practice a hanger the way of design, involving decision-making, simulation, design drawings, documents generation and collaboration between designers. However the academic research groups that use the technology for contemporary design conception and production do not represent the professional practice reality once they are using the BIM software on an isolated way given that complementary design offices don\'t have access to the same technology.

BIM (Building Information Modelling) är idag ett exponentiellt ökande område inom byggindustrin, som inte visar några tecken att sakta ner. I takt med att BIM som koncept och process används i större omfattning både internationellt och nationellt, dyker problem dock oundvikligen upp vid dess implementering. De faktorer som orsakar dessa problem har i detta examensarbete givits termen CSF, ett begrepp som hittills ej använts inom svensk byggindustri. CSF står för Critical Success Factors, vilket innefattar det som i svenska arbeten annars till exempel kallats ”kritiska faktorer”, ”hindrande faktorer”, ”bromsande faktorer” etc. Syftet med detta arbete är därmed att utforska både begreppet CSF och dessa faktorer, samt deras betydelse och relevans. Utifrån tidigare studier, främst utländska, identifierades och introducerades termen CSF samt 14 sådana punkter, vilka gavs en utförligare beskrivning. För att ge dessa 14 punkter en lokal anknytning, intervjuades fem personer i svensk byggindustri med olika erfarenheter av BIM. Det framträdde då klara likheter mellan tidigare diskussion kring de identifierade punkterna och intervjuresultaten. De centrala tankar som kontinuerligt återkom under arbetets gång var värdet av gemensam och delad förståelse, samt vikten av att ta vara på redan etablerad kunskap inom byggindustrin. Det finns i branschen en ofta påtalad klyfta mellan olika generationer, vilket enligt detta arbete ses som det tydligaste exemplet både på en bristande förståelse och ett dåligt utnyttjande av tidigare kunskaper. Vid ett ineffektivt möte mellan olika erfarenheter och kunskaper så leder detta till friktion istället för utveckling, med bortslösade resurser och kunskaper som resultat. Ett stort fokus med detta arbete blev därför att betona den mänskliga aspekten av BIM-implementering snarare än de tekniska delarna. Slutligen konstaterar detta examensarbete att de 14 utvalda punkterna samt användandet av deras övergripande term CSF har ett mervärde både för framtida studier och framtidens implementeringar av BIM, vilket därmed även uppfyller rapporten syfte. / BIM (Building Information Modeling) is an exponentially growing field within the construction industry, with no signs of slowing down. However, as the process continues to spread on both an international and national scale, issues with implementation inevitably arise due to many different factors, in this work identified as CSF (Critical Success Factors). The purpose of this work is therefore to examine these factors, as well as the term CSF itself, with regards to meaning and relevance. Based on previous studies the term CSF, as well as 14 factors, were established. To correlate these internationally described factors to the Swedish market, five interviews featuring people with experience of BIM in Sweden were conducted, after which similarities and patterns could be recognized. The core concepts continually established throughout the work was the value of mutual and shared understanding, as well as the importance of utilizing previously established knowledge within the construction industry. The report concludes that the identified factors as well as the term CSF are both valid and beneficial for future discussions and implementations of BIM

The object of this report is to investigate how to implement BIM into the production part of the construction industry. How NCC should act to make the transformation as smooth and easy as possible. BIM, Building Information Modelling, is a way of working where you gather all information in one place. All disciplines work in a 3Dmodel and have information about their component in that model. For example, you can create a specific wall with its different layers, that will make it easier to calculate offers from subcontractors and also make the daily work with other orders easier if you know what the wall is build of. You can also use the model for collision controles. This make everything more efficient and make it easier to collaborate between different disciplines.By interviewing people from the industry, mainly from the production, we found that there already are softwares on the market that NCC are using that is easy to use even if you haven't worked a lot with digital tools before. The problem is how to spread the information about these softwares so that more projects can use them. Another difficulty is how to get the craftsmen to use these softwares. The people we interviewed thought that the lack of interest for digital tools, and the older generation, is the main reason why the implementation will be challenging. Our conclusion is that NCC need to find a systematic way to educate their employees in the digital tools that they are using. They need to get better to spread the word about those digital tools within the company so that their employees understand how much they can help and will start to use them. The craftsmen should use the tools to help visualize what they are building and the on-site manager should have a software with more features. / Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur BIM kan implementeras i byggbranschen på ett bra och smidigt sätt ute i produktion. Detta ger NCC ett underlag för hur de ska gå tillväga för att denna process ska gå så lätt och smidigt som möjligt men också för att minska risken att fokus hamnar på fel ställe och att implementeringen utförs på ett sådant sätt att personalen blir mer negativa mot digitala hjälpmedel i produktionen.  Då yrkesarbetarna är de som hittills jobbat minst med digitala hjälpmedel har störst vikt lagts vid att undersöka hur implementeringen kommer att påverka dem och hur man ska göra för att få med dem i denna förändring.   BIM, Building Information Modeling, är egentligen byggbranschens digitalisering. Det bygger på att projekteringen utförs i 3D och sedan byggs modellen på med information som gör att arbetet kan effektiviseras och göras smidigare. Det går till exempel att rita upp hur väggarna är uppbyggda i skikt för att underlätta för kalkylatorn vid upphandlingar med underentreprenörer men också i produktion vid beställning av material. Detta minimerar dubbeljobb och effektiviserar produktionen. I projekteringen används det bland annat vid kollisionskontroller där olika discipliners modeller läggs ihop för att se om installationerna krockar någonstans. I förvaltning kan det användas genom att produkterna som använts läggs in i modellen, till exempel vilken armatur, för att sedan lätt kunna hitta den informationen när armaturen senare behöver bytas ut.   Det pratas ofta om att BIM är dyrt och det stämmer att det blir en högre kostnad i början av projekten. Däremot sparas tid och pengar i produktion och förvaltning. Fel som tidigare har upptäckts i produktion och har behövt lösas på plats så gott som försvinner.  Genom att intervjua personer som börjat använda sig av BIM i produktion har upptäckten gjorts att det finns bra och lätthanterliga program som underlättar och effektiviserar vissa delar av produktionen. Två av dessa program som används på NCC idag är Bluebeam och Dalux. Bluebeam används som dokumenthantering där länkar mellan olika ritningar gör att det går snabbt och enkelt att hoppa mellan ritningar. Dalux är ett lättanvändligt program där du kan se projektet i 2D och 3D samtidigt vilket ger en lättare förståelse för vad som ska byggas genom att du kan gå omkring i projektet i 3D. Dalux har även en gratis app som alla yrkesarbetare skulle kunna använda för att öka förståelsen av vad dom bygger vilket skulle kunna göra att frågorna till arbetsledningen skulle minska. Ett problem är då hur man ska lösa det med mobiler och surfplattor till alla, om man inte får använda sin egen eller äger någon privat. Ett annat problem med digitaliseringen är att hårdvarorna är väldigt ömtåliga och ska användas i en hård miljö samt så har internet en tendens att krascha med jämna mellanrum vilket gör att man alltid måste ha en backup av de aktuella ritningarna och modellerna.  En annan fråga är hur man ska få alla att använda sig av de digitala verktygen. Här är de som intervjuats överens om att det med största sannolikhet handlar om hur intresserad man är av teknik och att det är en generationsfråga. De menar att det med generationsskiftet kommer bli lättare att implementera BIM i yrkesarbetarnas arbete.   För att implementera BIM i produktion på ett så bra och smidigt sätt som möjligt bör ordentliga utbildningar av platsledning och yrkesarbetarna genomföras för att sprida kunskapen om vilka möjligheter som finns inom företaget men också för att ge personalen en bra grund så att de känner sig säkra i programmen när de ska börja användas. Det kan öka intresset även hos de som varit negativt inställda från början. Yrkesarbetarna bör använda programmen som visuell hjälp genom att gå omkring i 3D modellen och för att snabbare kunna navigera sig mellan olika ritningar genom länkar. Arbetsledarna kan ha en högre svårighetsgrad med fler funktioner, bland annat olika lager och möjligheten att uppdatera ritningar och modeller.

The road and construction industry is far behind other industries in terms of the use of modern working methods like BIM. However, as the Swedish Transport Administration and other customers is beginning to request the use of BIM, the industry must adapt and start using the new working methods. The transition is problematic because there are no standards and rules for how and when BIM is to be used. In addition, there are technical difficulties with proprietary file formats and learning projectors that are unfamiliar to the new software. But as the demand for BIM increases, companies need to adapt to win the jobs, the same applies to the smaller projects in the long run. The benefits reported with BIM are many, where the visualization opportunity leads to improved work coordination because everyone in the project sees the same things and thus gains greater understanding is the greatest advantage. The customer also gets a clear picture of the projector's proposal, which simplifies the decision-making process as it can be done faster. The ability to perform collision checks is also seen as an advantage as it can save money later in the project. A BIM can also be used for work preparation, which gives the construction workers a better understanding of what to do, their skills can also be used to review the model for detecting design errors and locating dangerous work operations. The information associated with the model makes it easier to make readjustments and the changes are reflected directly as the changes are made - this reduces drawing revisions and the actual costs of the project becomes clearer. To use 3D design instead of 2D design in smaller road and construction projects may imply a longer planning phase, for Tullholmsviken stage 3, the 3D design took 8 hours longer to create than when using traditional methods, which corresponds to 6400 kr in increased costs. This leads to increased design costs, but the benefits that modeling imply is estimated to compensate for the increased costs. In the previous phase of Tullholmsviken, there was a coordination problem between the architect and the land projector. The cost of fixing the problem was estimated to 32000 SEK, but with a 3D-modell that problem would probably been fixed earlier in the process and the costs would not be as high as 32000 kr. Increased projection costs for a 3D-modell would therefore be economically justifiable for that particular project

This thesis considers the integration of BIM and IoT in the building process of offices. The thesis is hopefully going to create knowledge about BIM and IoT and describe what needs to be done to carry out an integration.The planning of offices today consists of the use of BIM and a lot of smart solutions. But what are the benefits from an integration of BIM and Internet of Things and how can this be used throughout the building process? New and smart solutions are invented all the time and although not all are possible to use in everyday offices, some can already be of great use. For the future there is a great need for smart and sustainable solutions that helps to conserve energy but at the same time are economically sustainable. This needs to become a part of our everyday to help conquer one of our times biggest challenges, the environmental issue. This thesis highlights the advantages, disadvantages and requirements of an integration of BIM and IoT. It concerns the technology behind IoT and what the future has to offer.The result of the written thesis is a model that describes how an integration of BIM and IoT can be carried out during the different stages of the building process. The model is going to work like a cycle where information from sensors constantly flows to the BIM model during the entire building process. Information and experiences gained from the different stages of the building process can be used to evaluate the construction and its different systems and the experience gained is used in the next project.An integration will be hard to do on a big scale due to different factors. The technology is here but the pathway and standards for it are not.

A Green building is a well-managed building both in its technical and managerial senses. To achieve a Green Building standard, real estate developers should have frameworks in place to monitor and provide information regarding the sustainable aspects of the building. ESG data of a building is related to the Energy, Social, and Governance impact made by a building during its operations, and building a standardized and scalable solution to monitor this data will allow the developers to achieve a Green Building status easily. A Building Information Model is an architectural model that can be used to manage data from within a building to help provide its stakeholders with relevant data. This thesis aimed to design a BIM to manage the ESG data of a commercial building allowing the real estate developers to monitor and manage the building more sustainably with improved transparency and with the ability to make faster data-driven decisions. Action Design Research was the research strategy used to carry out the research and semi-structured interviews along with literature reviews were conducted to collect data. Thematic Analysis was done to identify themes in the collected data and the analyzed data was used to create the artifact. The artifact was then tested in the industry by gaining feedback from the industry. The thesis successfully designed an architecture model by collaborating with the industry and suggesting a universally applicable model to manage ESG data more efficiently. The model also gives importance to external software vendors and data consumers to help make the system more scalable and adaptable.