Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Lincoln University, 2008. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1223967 bytes, checksum: e7ddc07e077e29ba4df142948034d2a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The constant technological evolution and the globalization phenomena have been aroused organizations to looking for both new ways to deal with the market and the new environmental business. Among these new ways of dealing with the market it is the Business Social Responsibility that is beginning to making part of the policy and companies principles. On this perspective, this study attempts to analyze in a general way how a company in the food sector, located in Ceará state, behaves itself with respect to the Business Social Responsibility principles through the stakeholders perception set who are directly and indirectly involved and have information about the company under analysis. The research was based on three-dimensional Carroll`s model (1979), which seeks to fully understand the essentials aspects of corporative social performance according to the dimensions of the categories of social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and voluntary), the types of response behavior (reactive, defensive, accommodative and proactive), and the actions areas/company programs (consumption, environment, discrimination, product safety and security in the work). The work is classified as a case study of descriptive-exploratory character that through a qualitative and quantitative approach carried out through fields research, where were applied interviews with a semi-structured guide, evaluated through analysis of the information content, and questionnaires to the internal and external stakeholders that not take part in the company. The data were evaluated by using the STATATM program. The results showed that the internal stakeholders perceive that the company has operations predominantly in the economic responsibility field, especially in the administration and production employees view, indicating that the actions are focused on profit maximization. But, for the managers, stands up the legal responsibility, as well as for the external stakeholders like customers, community and suppliers. Now the consumers and partners emphasized that the company assumes financial and voluntary responsibility respectively, indicating that the company develops social actions that enhance the community quality life in its surroundings. In the behavior and response fields it can be observed in the point of view of three of the five external stakeholders types the predominance of proactive behavior (community, suppliers and partners), but for customers and consumers the company has accommodative behavior. For the internal stakeholders predominated the feeling that the activities are having developed as a means to obey the requirements, being, therefore, defensive. In relation to the actions/programs, it is perceived that was unanimous between all internal and external stakeholders, that for this company the product security is the basis of its performance in the food market. In a general way, the application of the methodology proposed by Carroll (1979) allowed to concluded that in the stakeholders perception the company do not have structured policies of RSE acting in a punctual manner through an Educational Institute, which develops activities specifically for capacity building. / A constante evolução tecnológica e a globalização têm despertado as organizações para uma procura intensa por novas formas de lidar com o mercado e com a nova conjuntura empresarial. Dentre essas novas formas de lidar com o mercado está a Responsabilidade Social Empresarial que está começando a fazer parte da política e dos princípios das empresas. Sobre essa perspectiva, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como uma empresa do setor alimentício, localizada no estado do Ceará, se comporta quanto aos princípios da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial por meio da percepção do conjunto de stakeholders que direta e indiretamente estejam envolvidos e que possuam informações sobre a empresa em análise. A pesquisa baseou-se no modelo tridimensional de Carroll (1979), que busca compreender de forma integral os aspectos essenciais da performance social corporativa de acordo com as dimensões de categorias de Responsabilidade Social (econômica, legal, ética e voluntária); os tipos de comportamento de resposta (reativa, defensiva, acomodativa e pró-ativa); e as áreas de ações/programas da empresa (consumo, meio ambiente, discriminação, segurança do produto e segurança no trabalho). O trabalho classifica-se como estudo de caso de caráter descritivo-exploratório que por meio de uma abordagem quali-quantitativa realizada através de pesquisas de campo, aplicou-se entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado, avaliadas através de análise de conteúdo das informações, e questionários a stakeholders internos e externos à empresa, analisados por meio do programa STATATM. Os resultados apontaram que os stakeholders internos vêem que a empresa possui atuação predominantemente no campo de responsabilidade econômica, principalmente na visão dos funcionários da administração e produção, evidenciando que as ações se voltam para a maximização de lucros. Mas para os gestores sobressai-se a responsabilidade legal, assim como também os stakeholders externos do tipo clientes, comunidade e fornecedores. Já os consumidores e parceiros salientam que a empresa assume responsabilidade econômica e voluntária respectivamente, denotando que a empresa desenvolve ações sociais que elevam a qualidade de vida da comunidade que fica ao seu entorno. No campo de comportamentos e respostas pode-se observar na visão de três dos cinco tipos de stakeholders externos a predominância de comportamento pró-ativo (comunidade, fornecedores e parceiros), mas para clientes e consumidores a empresa possui comportamento acomodativo. Para os stakeholders internos predominou que as atividades se desenvolvem como meio de obedecer às exigências, sendo, portanto, defensivo. Em relação às ações/programas, percebe-se que foi unânime entre todos os stakeholders internos e externos, que para essa empresa, a segurança do produto é a base de sua atuação no mercado de alimentos. De modo geral, a aplicação da metodologia de Carroll (1979) permitiu concluir que na percepção dos stakeholders a empresa não possui políticas estruturadas de RSE, atuando de forma pontual por meio de um Instituto Educacional, o qual desenvolve atividades especificamente de formação profissional.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental impacts of Business Social Responsibility (BSR) of the tourism industry in South Africa with a special focus on the Western Cape region. The study was based on the premise that little is known regarding the role and contribution of BSR of the tourism sector to the three critical challenges: poverty, unemployment and inequality that South Africa is facing. The effectiveness of South African tourism policies in guiding the industry and the extend of compliance were assessed. Extensive relevant literature was reviewed, providing a framework for the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. Different types of tourism businesses, 307 in total, were surveyed in the Western Cape Province using stratified sampling. Government tourism departments and community organisations were identified as the key informants. Mixed research methods were applied, allowing for various tools and techniques to be used. Research data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research findings were analysed and interpreted using theoretical realism and neoliberalism frameworks. The findings indicated that the government developed a series of regulations and procedures to guide the tourism sector. Key role players and international investors design and implement BSR activities with complete disregard of intended community stakeholders. There is little or no significant participation in the design stage of intended stakeholders. Targeted communities are not able to raise critical issues largely because of poverty and unemployment. Though there are regulations such as B-BBEE, employment equity, BSR policies governing various tourism businesses have largely ignored these regulations. Attracting investors has been a major concern for the government with little concern of the nature of activities, impacts and their contributions on reducing the triple challenges in the country. This study contends that the current policies and regulatory frameworks are much too market friendly. Hence, the tourism industry has largely been able to implement policies that favours market goals. Some tourism BSR policies are aligned to the province’s institutional framework while others are not, indicating a lack of sustainable development. A model is proposed to improve the implementation of tourism BSR activities and policies / Geography / D. Phil. (Geography)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one important response to the increasing amounts of criticism levelled at corporations. A number of studies have focused on CSR in a range of industries; however, some contentious industries, e.g. the gambling industry, remain unexplored. Mobilizing CSR in a novel setting not only enhances the knowledge of CSR and gambling, but also provides an overview of this industry itself. This thesis attempts to investigate three questions: to what extent does the gambling industry disclose CSR-related data, how is CSR understood in this industry and why does the gambling industry engage in CSR? This thesis provides a general overview of the international gambling industry and an in-depth investigation of Macao's gambling industry. The research design of the thesis employs mixed methods: content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The principal research is based on 49 interviews. This thesis advances three main arguments. First, it will be argued that there are relatively low volumes of Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD) and Responsible Gambling (RG) disclosure in the international gambling industry, which can be viewed as a legitimising strategy. Second, in Macao's gambling industry, it is argued that organisations in this industry tend to place a greater emphasis on positive social impacts, while obscuring such negative impacts as gambling addiction and health-related issues. Third, this thesis holds that organisations in Macao's gambling industry engage symbolically, rather than substantively, with CSR and RG in order to manage stakeholders' perceptions in an attempt to gain different sources of legitimacy and in turn to enhance its economic interests. In conclusion, the gambling industry does not entirely conform to the institutional environment, which poses a challenge to the organisational legitimacy literature. This thesis introduces a necessary caution into the discussions about the extent of CSD, CSR, and RG in this industry more generally.

Numerous management scholars argue that management theory is anthropocentric and considers humans as being separate from the environment. Further anthropocentrism does not enable theory and organisations to contribute to sustainable development. To counter this it is argued theory and organisations should embrace an environmental paradigm that does not separate humans and the environment. This exploratory research attempts to identify whether any organisations operate with an environmental paradigm. The research questions focus on paradigms and some of the tensions surrounding the human-environment debate, such as; sufficiency versus profit maximisation and quoted status, money as a means or an end and notions of boundaries between the organisation and the environment. The questions are explored with individuals from 23 environmentally focused, primarily for profit, organisations. The results indicate that the organisations operate with an environmental paradigm, do not perceive of boundaries between the organisation and the environment, do not pursue profit maximisation, can demonstrate sufficiency, view money as a means rather than an end and do not have a favourable view of quoted status. Furthermore, the interviewees do not separate their world into two realms, one social and one natural. Narratives that arise include the organisations operating to a mode of mission and money and that an aphorism of “altruistically selfish and selfishly altruistic” (Maturana & Varela, 1998:197) can be applied. In short, the results indicate some challenges to conventional management theory, in particular strategy and competitive advantage, and that the organisations interviewed could help to, some extent, enable sustainable development. To close, the hope of this study it that its narratives and the conceptual tool it has prompted, provide succour to students and managers who want to develop a ‘future normal’ of theories and organisations that better enable sustainability.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anselmo Domingos da Paz Junior.pdf: 657402 bytes, checksum: 4effecab25e74e5d3542f7b63319b12b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-15 / The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate, using the deducting-historical method, that business have a social role to play in the Labor Law dealing with the classic principles of worker protection in this area. To reach this purpose the modern society aspects were analysed, especially the evolution of the Liberal State, originated in the social movements of the 17th century. The main aspects of those movements were the market protection and the private independence, without the State intervention. After exposing these modern aspects, this study analysed their iimpact on Labor Law, giving especial attention to the connections of the modern business crisis and the final phase of neoliberalism. Next, the postmodernity was analysed, as well as its influences and challenges for the Labor Law in Brasil. As the postmodernity context was established we started studying the principles and their especial aspects, as well as those existing in the Labor and Constitution Law to finally find what is the position of business social responsibility and how it applies in the Labor Law. Given the principles' considerations, it was also analysed the brazilian business situation and the origin of constitutional principles involved in this matter. The final part of the study establishes the property social responsibility and its constitutional fit and connections with the business property, presenting the ordinary reflection of social reponsibility in the Labor Law, especially from the employers' command point of view, the incentive given to the small business and present legislation on business recovering, suggesting the conclusion that referred principle is totally effective in the brazilian labor law and will act as a postmodern compliment to the principle of worker protection / O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar, por meio do método histórico-dedutivo, que a função social da empresa deve ser aplicada no campo do Direito do Trabalho para complementar a proteção do trabalhador conferida pelos princípios clássicos deste ramo do direito. Para tanto, foi feito o estudo da fase moderna da sociedade notadamente a evolução do Estado Liberal, criado nos movimentos sociais do Século XVII e seguintes, o qual teve como características principais a defesa da liberdade de mercado e da autonomia privada sem a intervenção do Estado. Após a exposição sobre a fase moderna foi feito um estudo sobre o impacto de tal período no Direito do Trabalho, dando especial enfoque sobre as suas fases de formação e respectivas ligações com a crise da fase moderna e o neoliberalismo em sua fase final. Concluído o estudo sobre a fase moderna, foi feito o posicionamento do fenômeno da pós-modernidade situando o tema quanto a uma definição do que seja pós-modernismo, passando a estudar as suas influências no Direito do Trabalho e os desafios da pós-modernidade no Brasil e no sistema jurídico-trabalhista aqui existente, a crise pós-moderna da Estado e os desafios a serem enfrentados. Feita a contextualização da pós-modernidade passamos a estudar os princípios, suas fases e elementos caracterizadores, bem como aqueles princípios vigentes no ordenamento trabalhista e no ordenamento constitucional para demonstrar a posição em que se encontrará o princípio da função social da empresa e sua plena aplicabilidade no Direito do Trabalho. Apresentadas as considerações sobre os princípios, elaborou-se um estudo sobre o regime de empresas no Brasil e a origem constitucional dos princípios que regulamentam a matéria. Na parte final do trabalho, apresenta-se a função social da propriedade e seu enquadramento constitucional e relações com a propriedade de empresa, apresentando os reflexos práticos da função social como modalidade da função social da propriedade no direito do trabalho, especialmente no poder de comando do empregador, no incentivo às pequenas empresas e na legislação atual sobre recuperação de empresas, sugerindo a conclusão de que tal princípio possui plena efetividade em nosso ordenamento trabalhista e deverá atuar como complemento pós-moderno ao princípio da proteção do trabalhador

Este trabalho tem como meta confrontar estudos teóricos sobre a problemática das ações sociais de empresas com os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre o Programa Moto Perpétuo da Fiat Automóveis S.A. que, durante cinco anos (1997 a 2001), voltou-se à doação de kits de materiais paradidáticos para milhares de escolas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Apesar do amplo alcance do Programa, base na qual seus promotores se apoiaram para afirmar tratar-se da maior parceria da iniciativa privada com o governo federal dentro do Acorda Brasil! Está na hora da Escola - programa do Ministério da Educação dedicado a estimular a participação da iniciativa privada através de ações em prol da educação -, não havia, até o momento, nenhum estudo que demonstrasse os efeitos práticos dessa ação, seja na melhoria da educação (propósito declarado como motivação principal para sua existência), seja nas implicações de um redimensionamento das esferas pública e privada, assunto que acalora muitos debates na atualidade. Diante dessas constatações, optou-se pela realização de levantamento e leitura de diferentes fontes que tratam, de maneira direta ou não, da chamada responsabilidade social de empresas. Além de passo fundamental para uma adequada abordagem do objeto estudado, em última instância, esta etapa possibilitou subsidiar inferências mais amplas sobre este tema que condensa interesses conflitantes, na maioria das vezes expressos por discursos de promoção e de crítica mais afeitos às ideologias que espelhados no significado concreto de muitas dessas ações sociais. Numa outra parte, mediante informações obtidas com a realização de entrevistas e pelo levantamento e exame de diversos documentos, se analisou o Programa Moto Perpétuo. Como um exemplo da atuação privada junto ao setor público, pôde-se verificar que as correntes expectativas da eficiência de gestão e transferência de recursos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes não se concretizaram. Não obstante, os números sobre o Programa que foram divulgados (alunos e escolas beneficiadas e montante de recursos investidos), comparativamente altos diante de outras iniciativas deste tipo, foram componentes do êxito na construção de uma imagem positiva por parte dos promotores dessa ação junto a setores da opinião pública. Na somatória dessas constatações e de outros aspectos analisados, foi possível demonstrar que prevaleceram interesses de ordem comercial em detrimento das motivações declaradas da iniciativa de ajuda à educação. Apesar de não se poder afirmar que a iniciativa tenha resultado num avanço privado redefinidor do caráter público dos sistemas estadual e municipal de ensino atingidos pelo Programa, há indícios de que a implementação do Moto Perpétuo esteve condicionada pelas relações público (governo federal) - privado (empresa do setor automobilístico), representando um inédito capítulo centrado na educação, frente a um panorama no qual sobressaem historicamente acordos de ajuda mútua de caráter político-econômico. / The aim of this research is to confront theoretical studies about the problematic of social actions promoted by private companies with the results of a case study focusing the Moto Perpétuo Program sponsored by Fiat automobiles S.A. which, for five years (1997 a 2001), donated kits of educational materials to thousands of schools from different regions of Brazil. Despite the ample reach of the Program, in which its promoters based themselves to assert that it was the biggest partnership of a private institution with the Brazilian Federal Government Program of Education Acorda Brasil! Está na hora da escola (Wake up Brazil! It´s time of school) destined to encourage private institutions to act for the education there wasn t, up to now, any study that could demonstrate the practical effects of this action, whether it was for the educational improvement (declared purpose as the main motivation for its existence), or in the implications to reassess the extent of the public and private spheres, a question that heats many debates nowadays. In the face of these observations, it was opted to do a reading and research from different sources that deal, directly or not, with the business social responsibility. More than a fundamental step for an appropriated approach of the studied object, this stage permitted to subsidise broader inferences about this subject, which condenses conflicting interests, frequently expressed by speeches of promotion and criticism more accustomed to ideologies than mirrored in the concrete meaning of many of these social actions. In another part, the Moto Perpétuo Program was analysed by the information obtained from interviews and researches. As an example of the private acting in the public sector, it was verified that the current expectations of management efficiency and transfer of resources, in quantity and quality, didn t come true. Nevertheless, the data published about the Program (resources invested, students and schools benefited) comparatively high in the face of other initiatives like that, were components of success in the construction of a positive image made by the promoters of this action for the public opinion. In the sum of these observations and other aspects analysed, it was possible to demonstrate that commercial interests prevailed over the declared motivations to assist the education. Although it was not possible to assert that the initiative has resulted in a private advancement redefining the public nature of the State and Municipal system of teaching reached by the Program, there are evidences that the implementation of the Moto Perpétuo was conditioned by the relationship between the public (Federal Government) and the private (automobiles company), representing an unheard-of chapter centred on the education, facing a survey that stands out agreements of mutual help of political-economical nature.

Este trabalho tem como meta confrontar estudos teóricos sobre a problemática das ações sociais de empresas com os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre o Programa Moto Perpétuo da Fiat Automóveis S.A. que, durante cinco anos (1997 a 2001), voltou-se à doação de kits de materiais paradidáticos para milhares de escolas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Apesar do amplo alcance do Programa, base na qual seus promotores se apoiaram para afirmar tratar-se da maior parceria da iniciativa privada com o governo federal dentro do Acorda Brasil! Está na hora da Escola - programa do Ministério da Educação dedicado a estimular a participação da iniciativa privada através de ações em prol da educação -, não havia, até o momento, nenhum estudo que demonstrasse os efeitos práticos dessa ação, seja na melhoria da educação (propósito declarado como motivação principal para sua existência), seja nas implicações de um redimensionamento das esferas pública e privada, assunto que acalora muitos debates na atualidade. Diante dessas constatações, optou-se pela realização de levantamento e leitura de diferentes fontes que tratam, de maneira direta ou não, da chamada responsabilidade social de empresas. Além de passo fundamental para uma adequada abordagem do objeto estudado, em última instância, esta etapa possibilitou subsidiar inferências mais amplas sobre este tema que condensa interesses conflitantes, na maioria das vezes expressos por discursos de promoção e de crítica mais afeitos às ideologias que espelhados no significado concreto de muitas dessas ações sociais. Numa outra parte, mediante informações obtidas com a realização de entrevistas e pelo levantamento e exame de diversos documentos, se analisou o Programa Moto Perpétuo. Como um exemplo da atuação privada junto ao setor público, pôde-se verificar que as correntes expectativas da eficiência de gestão e transferência de recursos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes não se concretizaram. Não obstante, os números sobre o Programa que foram divulgados (alunos e escolas beneficiadas e montante de recursos investidos), comparativamente altos diante de outras iniciativas deste tipo, foram componentes do êxito na construção de uma imagem positiva por parte dos promotores dessa ação junto a setores da opinião pública. Na somatória dessas constatações e de outros aspectos analisados, foi possível demonstrar que prevaleceram interesses de ordem comercial em detrimento das motivações declaradas da iniciativa de ajuda à educação. Apesar de não se poder afirmar que a iniciativa tenha resultado num avanço privado redefinidor do caráter público dos sistemas estadual e municipal de ensino atingidos pelo Programa, há indícios de que a implementação do Moto Perpétuo esteve condicionada pelas relações público (governo federal) - privado (empresa do setor automobilístico), representando um inédito capítulo centrado na educação, frente a um panorama no qual sobressaem historicamente acordos de ajuda mútua de caráter político-econômico. / The aim of this research is to confront theoretical studies about the problematic of social actions promoted by private companies with the results of a case study focusing the Moto Perpétuo Program sponsored by Fiat automobiles S.A. which, for five years (1997 a 2001), donated kits of educational materials to thousands of schools from different regions of Brazil. Despite the ample reach of the Program, in which its promoters based themselves to assert that it was the biggest partnership of a private institution with the Brazilian Federal Government Program of Education Acorda Brasil! Está na hora da escola (Wake up Brazil! It´s time of school) destined to encourage private institutions to act for the education there wasn t, up to now, any study that could demonstrate the practical effects of this action, whether it was for the educational improvement (declared purpose as the main motivation for its existence), or in the implications to reassess the extent of the public and private spheres, a question that heats many debates nowadays. In the face of these observations, it was opted to do a reading and research from different sources that deal, directly or not, with the business social responsibility. More than a fundamental step for an appropriated approach of the studied object, this stage permitted to subsidise broader inferences about this subject, which condenses conflicting interests, frequently expressed by speeches of promotion and criticism more accustomed to ideologies than mirrored in the concrete meaning of many of these social actions. In another part, the Moto Perpétuo Program was analysed by the information obtained from interviews and researches. As an example of the private acting in the public sector, it was verified that the current expectations of management efficiency and transfer of resources, in quantity and quality, didn t come true. Nevertheless, the data published about the Program (resources invested, students and schools benefited) comparatively high in the face of other initiatives like that, were components of success in the construction of a positive image made by the promoters of this action for the public opinion. In the sum of these observations and other aspects analysed, it was possible to demonstrate that commercial interests prevailed over the declared motivations to assist the education. Although it was not possible to assert that the initiative has resulted in a private advancement redefining the public nature of the State and Municipal system of teaching reached by the Program, there are evidences that the implementation of the Moto Perpétuo was conditioned by the relationship between the public (Federal Government) and the private (automobiles company), representing an unheard-of chapter centred on the education, facing a survey that stands out agreements of mutual help of political-economical nature.

Submitted by Mariangela Carvalho (mariepcarvalho@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-06T15:49:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-05-07T13:42:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-05-11T11:44:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-11T11:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final 09 04 2015.pdf: 4760072 bytes, checksum: 626b09f4c1c4daf0b460de4d924e87de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Esta dissertação traça uma trajetória, evitando, no entanto, uma linha evolucionista, dos termos e conceitos que foram usados no decorrer da história para identificar as intervenções das empresas em ações sociais, desde as atuações assistencialistas até a atuação direta em projetos, com criação de institutos e fundações ligados às empresas, compartilhando não só investimentos financeiros, mas conhecimento, tecnologia e mão de obra especializada. Mas, como veremos, só isso não é suficiente para que uma empresa seja caracterizada como socialmente responsável. Como parâmetro, será trabalhada a diferenciação entre responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE) e investimento social privado (ISP), usando as definições e modelos do Instituto Ethos de Responsabilidade Social e do Grupo de Institutos e Fundações e Empresas (GIFE), respectivamente. Como estudo de caso, será apresentada a GTECH Brasil, empresa multinacional do ramo de loterias online, que, para realizar ações sociais, criou o Instituto Gtech de Cidadania e Cultura (IGCC), em 2000. A empresa, fazendo uso da verba disponível de incentivo à cultura, com a Lei Rouanet, realizou um projeto corporativo de arte-educação, chamado Projeto Asa, que tinha por foco trabalhar com jovens de sete a 17 anos, englobando arte e tecnologia. Por acreditar no poder transformador da arte, o projeto foi se atualizando e passou a desenvolver o conceito de arte-cidadania. O Asa funcionou até 2009, durando mais do que a própria empresa, que, em 2006, encerrou as atividades no Brasil. Nesse período, atendeu a mais de 3.500 crianças e jovens. Por meio de documentos, manuais, relatórios e diversas entrevistas, o presente trabalho delineou as atividades sociais da GTECH, analisando se a empresa deveria se enquadrar como RSE ou ISP e também demonstrando alguns dos impactos gerados pelas ações realizadas tanto nos funcionários da empresa, quanto na equipe do projeto e, principalmente, nos jovens que participaram das atividades. / This dissertation traces a path, avoiding, however, an evolutionary line, the terms and concepts that have been used throughout history to identify the interventions of companies in social actions, from the welfare performances to the direct involvement in projects, with the creation of institutes and foundations connected to the companies, sharing not only financial investments but also technology, skilled labor and knowledgement. Nevertheless, as we may see, that is not enough for a company to be characterized as socially responsible. As a parameter, the differentiation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and private social investment (PSI) will be taken forward, using the definitions and models respectively from Ethos Institute for Social Responsibility and from GIFE (Group of Institutes and Foundations and Companies). As a case study it will be presented GTECH Brazil, a multinational company in the online lottery business, which to perform social actions, created the Gtech Institute of Citizenship and Culture (IGCC), in 2000. The company, making use of available funds to encourage culture, through the Brazilian Rouanet Law, conducted a corporate project based on art education, called 'Asa Project', which was focused on young people aged from seven to seventeen years old, encompassing art and technology. Believing in the transformative power of art, the project was updated and proceeded developing the art-citizenship concept. Asa project worked until 2009, lasting more than the company itself, which in 2006 ended its activities in Brazil. During this period served more than 3,500 children and youths. By means of documents, manuals, reports and several interviews, this dissertation will outline the social activities of GTECH, analyzing whether the company should fit as CSR or PSI and also showing some of the impacts of actions taken in the company employees, as well as in the project team, and especially among the young people who participated in the activities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental impacts of Business Social Responsibility (BSR) of the tourism industry in South Africa with a special focus on the Western Cape region. The study was based on the premise that little is known regarding the role and contribution of BSR of the tourism sector to the three critical challenges: poverty, unemployment and inequality that South Africa is facing. The effectiveness of South African tourism policies in guiding the industry and the extend of compliance were assessed. Extensive relevant literature was reviewed, providing a framework for the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. Different types of tourism businesses, 307 in total, were surveyed in the Western Cape Province using stratified sampling. Government tourism departments and community organisations were identified as the key informants. Mixed research methods were applied, allowing for various tools and techniques to be used. Research data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research findings were analysed and interpreted using theoretical realism and neoliberalism frameworks. The findings indicated that the government developed a series of regulations and procedures to guide the tourism sector. Key role players and international investors design and implement BSR activities with complete disregard of intended community stakeholders. There is little or no significant participation in the design stage of intended stakeholders. Targeted communities are not able to raise critical issues largely because of poverty and unemployment. Though there are regulations such as B-BBEE, employment equity, BSR policies governing various tourism businesses have largely ignored these regulations. Attracting investors has been a major concern for the government with little concern of the nature of activities, impacts and their contributions on reducing the triple challenges in the country. This study contends that the current policies and regulatory frameworks are much too market friendly. Hence, the tourism industry has largely been able to implement policies that favours market goals. Some tourism BSR policies are aligned to the province’s institutional framework while others are not, indicating a lack of sustainable development. A model is proposed to improve the implementation of tourism BSR activities and policies / Geography / Ph. D. (Geography)