In 1909 the composer Gustav Mahler and the sculptor Auguste Rodin, arguably the greatest composer and the greatest sculptor of the time, met in Paris. Both were transitional figures in their respective fields, representing the end of an era in their creative work. Their respective legacies nevertheless also inaugurated new ideas and inspired younger composers and sculptors. Rodin sculpted two portraits of Mahler, one of which — in pure white marble — is the main focus of the article. The refinement and beauty of this work is different from Rodin's male portraits in that the head is stylised like many of his female portraits, an ambiguity compounded by the fact that Alma Mahler, the composer's wife, wrote in her memoirs that Rodin fell in love with his model during the sittings. An understanding of the marble bust calls for an analysis of the life and work of the composer, fraught with ambiguities - as reflected in that superb portrait.

Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Administración de Empresas / El objetivo de este trabajo es reconocer los factores críticos en el surgimiento de una Startup, desde el análisis del Ecosistema en el cual se desenvuelven, destacando las características que determinan el éxito y fracaso en su desarrollo, asociando a las Startups con el fenómeno de la trampa del Boom and Bust, identificando para ello, los factores y las relaciones causales que detonan esta situación. Para esto se realiza una revisión extensa de la literatura actual y se construye un modelo de una empresa tipo para el análisis de los efectos cuantitativos de la modificación de variables fijas. Por medio de la utilización de Sistemas Dinámicos se logró observar resultados no lineales del aporte directo de entidades (privadas o públicas) a través de proyectos, afectando al desempeño de la Startup y la duración de la misma. También se observa el comportamiento de la Startup con diferentes niveles de inversión en innovación y exigencias de capital, demostrando que el modelo propuesto ofrece resultados que validan la noción de la existencia de un óptimo para variables que son de control interno. Además, se concluye que el crecimiento constante es posible siempre y cuando se logre alinear la capacidad de producción con el uso no intensivo de capital, ampliando el ciclo de supervivencia de las compañías.

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The vigorous economic growth in Japan after World War II triggered the demographic change of low fertility, low mortality and increasing life expectancy. Japan¡¦s ¡§Dankainosedai¡¨ (Baby boomer) getting old led to a rapid aging society in the past twenty years. Currently, the percentage of older people in Japan significantly exceeds global average and even reaches a level so called super-aging society. Such phenomenon of baby bust and population aging not only deteriorates the economic growth but also reduces government¡¦s budget for public construction, leads to rural-urban divide, and causes major social issues such as family support, retirement and healthcares. Recent literature focusing on influence of demographic transition on economic growth was primarily based on cross-sectional data or panel data. Few articles presented analysis using the prefecture -by- prefecture or regional data as a base. Therefore, we try to clarify the interaction between demographic change and economic growth by using 47 prefectures¡¦ statistic data of Japan, which is very well collected and ideal for conducting documental regression analysis. The objective of this paper is to provide some conclusions from Japan which might be useful for the government of Taiwan when making population and economic policy. Following Bloom and Williamson¡]1998¡^, this paper seek to examine the links between several variables, such as demographic change , and economic growth, by running regressions on panel data covering 47 prefectures of Japan during 1975-2008. We found that population growth, age structure, physical capital and industrial structure did have significant impact on growth rates of Japan. Population growth as a whole and the young and elderly dependants had a strong negative impact on economic growth, while growth of the working-age population and physical capital had strong positive impact. The result shown that the economic growth of Japan was impeded for a few years since the age structure of population was shifted to constrictive type which is caused by baby bust and aging. We also tried different frameworks to examine the influence of various variables, such as selecting some prefectures with unique feature, segmenting seven major economic regions, or dividing years in two periods ¡]before and after the year with bubble economy 1989¡^. We can make a conclusion that comparing with the period 1975 -1989, the economic growth rate during 1990-2008 slumped due to the changes of age structure, physical capital and industrial structure.

At the core of this research is the question is: Is recession good for your health? The purpose of the research served to form a theoretical framework to support the concept that recession is not good for one’s health, but in fact creates a trend where individuals need health care more than in boom periods. There is also the concern that due to economic downturn even in Nordic nations, citizens do not receive health care out of concern for the expense or detriment to employment. The hypothesis of this research remains: Yes, recession has a negative impact upon health for individuals experiencing such conditions. The study builds the thesis and hypothesis that recession is bad for one’s health due to the extra stress of economic downturn and loss to gross domestic product. The countries included in this analysis were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Literature and case study evidence supports the connection between recession being bad for an individual’s health with regard to how such loss of employment and opportunities also forms gaps between individuals. Literature as well as data results support the concept of recession being bad for one’s health because of greater disparity forming in Western nations, but also specifically the United States. Methodology and research design points to a platform design where the approach is strictly quantitative. Data collection for this project focused on searching the Eurostat and OECD databases within the time range of the recession period where collection procedures focused on gathering information about Nordic countries. The countries included in this analysis were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Specific variables for testing to prove or disprove the core problem statement focused on Nordic countries’ gross domestic product or GDP to be compared with the average amount of physicians visits and income factors for those citizens. By testing for these factors concerning health care trends during recession, one was able to find a correlation between the recession having a negative impact upon health. This indeed tests the hypothesis of: Is recession good for your health? The answer is a definitive: No, recession is not good for your health and in fact, negatively impacts health of individuals experiencing recession.

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Essay 1: Expectation-Driven House Prices, Debt Default and Inflation Dynamics We contribute to the literature on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with housing collateral by including shocks to house price expectations. We also incorporate endogenous mortgage defaults that are rarely included in DSGE models with housing collateral. We use this model to study the effects of variations in house price expectations on macroeconomic dynamics and their implications for monetary policy. Model simulations show that an increase in expected future house prices leads to a decline in mortgage default rate and interest rates on household and business loans, whereas it leads to an increase in house prices, housing demand, household debt, business debt, bank leverage ratio and economic activity. In contrast to previous studies, we find that inflation is low during a house price boom. Finally, we show that monetary policy that takes into account household credit growth reduces the volatility of output and dampens a rise in housing demand, household debt and bank leverage ratio that enhances financial stability. However, a central bank that reacts to household credit growth increases the volatility of inflation. / Essay 2: House Price Expectations, Boom-Bust Cycles and Implications for Monetary Policy This essay examines the role of household expectations about future house prices and their implications for boom-bust cycles and monetary policy. Our findings are as follows. First, waves of optimism and pessimism about future house prices generate boom-bust cycles in house prices, financial activities (household debt, business debt, bank leverage, interest rates on household and business loans) and the real economy (housing demand, consumption, employment, investment and output). Second, we find that inflation declines during a house price boom and increases during a house price burst. Third, we find that monetary policy that reacts to household credit growth reduces the magnitude of boom-bust cycles and improves household welfare. Fourth, we find that the case for taking into account household credit growth becomes stronger in an economy in which the bank capital to asset ratio requirement is low, interest rates on loans and deposits adjust immediately to changes in the policy rate, or the household sector is highly indebted. / Essay 3: Credit Disruptions and the Spillover Effects between the Household and Business Sectors This essay examines the effects of credit supply disruptions in a New Keynesian DSGE model with housing collateral and working capital channels. A tightening of business credit conditions creates negative spillovers from the business sector to the household sector through labor income and housing collateral channels. A tightening of household credit conditions has negative spillover effects on the business sector via the housing collateral channel. We find that spillovers are more sensitive to changes in leverage where the shock occurs. A negative business credit shock creates upward pressure on inflation, whereas a negative household credit shock creates downward pressure on inflation. The working capital channel magnifies the response of inflation to a business credit shock, whereas it dampens the response of inflation to a household credit shock.

Arbetet gjordes i samarbete med Ka of Sweden där uppgiften varit att framställa enbättre passform för blusar i vävt material. Den nuvarande passformen saknar en brabystanpassning och har liknande ärmhål bak och fram. Jag valde att arbeta fram denteoretiska delen först och sammanställa måttlistor för att sedan arbeta fram denempiriska delen med konstruktioner, avprovningar och färdigt första prov.Resultatet av mitt arbete blev mycket bra och det har varit kul att få arbeta mot ett företag.The work was done in collaboration with the Ka of Sweden where the task was to produce a better fit for the blouses of woven material. The current fit does not have a good bust adjustment and have similar armhole front and back. I chose to work out the theoretical part first and compile lists of measurements and then work out the empirical part of constructions, fittings and finished the first sample. The result of my work was very good and it's been fun working against a company. / Program: Designteknikerutbildningen

Denna studie görs i samarbete med ett svenskt modeföretag som har upplevt problem med passformen av deras sport-bh:ar i storlekarna L-XL. Problemet som uppstår är att de större storlekarna inte ger tillräckligt med täckning över bysten. Graderingen på sport-bh:arna behövs därför studeras och en fungerande gradering tas fram för att uppnå önskad passform på sport-bh:arna över bysten. Två graderingsmetoder granskas och appliceras på ett mönster från företaget. Prototyper i storlek L och XL sys upp enligt dessa metoder för avprovning och de två resultaten jämförs sedan. Metoden som uppnådde bäst passform utvecklas därefter vidare och en plaggmåttlista med de olika skillnadsmåtten tas därefter fram. Resultatet visade att Johnsons metod uppnådde en bättre passform men att en justering vid axelbanden behövdes göras innan måttlistan kunde sammanställas. / This study was done in collaboration with a Swedish fashion company that has experienced problems with the fit of their sports bra in the sizes L-XL. The problem that arises is that the larger sizes do not provide enough coverage over the bust. The grading on the sports bra is therefore needed to be studied and a functional grading system needs to be produced to achieve the desired fit on the sports bra over the bust. Two grading methods are reviewed and applied to a pattern from the company. Prototypes in size L and XL are sewn according to these methods for fitting and the two results are then compared. The method that achieved the best fit is then developed further and a garment measurement list with the difference measurements is then manufactured. The result showed that Johnson's method achieved a better fit but that an adjustment to the shoulder straps was needed before the measurement list could be compiled.

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