Digne héritier de l’Empire romain d’Occident, l’Empire romain d’Orient plus communément appelé Empire byzantin est la scène de nombreux changements politiques et socio-économiques depuis sa création au IVème siècle. Parmi les acteurs de ces évolutions se trouvent les Comnènes, une famille issue de l’aristocratie dite militaire que rien ne prédestinait à occuper les hautes sphères de l’administration impériale de 1057 à 1204. En se basant prioritairement sur les sceaux regroupés sous la forme d’un catalogue, il s’agira de mettre en lumière l’histoire de la famille qui prend petit à petit la dimension d’un réseau basé sur une forte politique matrimoniale modifiée par les empereurs Comnènes jusqu’à atteindre son apogée au XIIe siècle. Organisé en trois partie le premier tome de cette étude peint un tableau exhaustif de la famille en extrayant des sources l’ensemble des informations se rapportant aux Comnènes et à leurs parents afin, dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre comment le mariage est utilisé pour étendre son attraction et son pouvoir sur le reste de la population byzantine et sur le reste du monde médiéval du XIIe siècle, enfin une étude du corpus iconographique propre au réseau des Comnènes sera étudié afin de montrer l’existence ou non d’une évolution des cultes sous l’action de cette famille. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de sceaux dédié aux Comnène qui compose le second tome. / Worthy heir to the Roman Empire of Occident, the Roman Empire of the East more commonly called Byzantine Empire is the scene many political changes and socio-economic since his creation at the 4th century. Among the actors of these evolutions are Komnenian, a family resulting from the aristocracy known as military that nothing predestined to occupy the higher realms of the imperial administration of 1057 to 1204. By firstly basing on the seals gathered in form the shape of a catalogue, it will be a question of clarifying the history of the family which gradually size up a network thanks to a strong matrimonial policy which is modified by the Komnenian emperors until reaching her apogee at the 12th century. Organized into three part the first volume of this study paints an exhaustive painting of the family by extracting from the sources the whole of information referring to Komnenian and with their parents so, in the second time to better understand how the family uses the marriage to extend her attraction and her power on the rest of the Byzantine population and on the rest of the world medieval of the 12th century, finally a study of the iconographic corpus suitable for the network of Komnenian will be studied in order to show the existence or not evolution of the worships under the action of this family. This work is based on a corpus of seals dedicated to Komnenian who composed the second volume.

7 ABSTRACT Title: THE RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL BACKGROUD OF THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST CRUSADES FOUDING The objective of this diploma thesis The religious and political Background of the beginning of the First Crusade Fouding is, to present the circumstances and the events, which preceded the beginning of the First Crusade on basis of examining literature. Further the thesis aims to clarify the three significant civilizations (European, Byzantine and Muslim), which participated in the crusade. The thesis itself is divided in several main sections: 1. Holy Land and the pilgrimage (pilgrim) tradition 2.Christians and Muslims fighting before the First Crusade. 3. Turbulent wartime conditions in Western Europe after the collapse of the Carolingian Empire. 4. The struggle for investiture. 5. Convening of the expedition. 6. The main leaders of the First Crusade. 7. Europe, Byzantium and the Muslim world of the XIth century - religion, life, culture and philosophy. 8. The World of Western Europe in the XIth century 9. World of the XIth century Byzantine Empire 10. World of the Muslim Asia Minor in the XIth century. 11. The chroniclers of the First Crusade. While studying the topic I mostly used secondary literature. Mainly I relied on the first volume of the work A History of the Crusades, which is a high quality...

According to the orthodox priest John Meyendorff, the Byzantine dream consisted of the establishment of a universal Christian empire spiritually and politically governed by the emperor of Constantinople. This essay intends to shed light on the topic of Byzantine religious and political expansion in the context of Byzantine view on Barbaricum and the barbarians inhabiting it. The fundamental question asked is: how do the Byzantines view the barbarians outside the Byzantine Empire and in what sense, if any, does this view have implications for the Byzantine dream? To answer the question the essay examines four 6th century historians, namely: Procopius of Caesarea, Johannes Malalas, Menander Protector and Agathias of Myrina. The method being used is a hermeneutical method and the theoretical framework is made up of Edward Said’s Orientalism. The results indicate that the barbarians in Barbaricum were viewed upon with great distrust. The Byzantines considered the barbarians to be ontologically different from themselves. Furthermore, the Byzantines regarded the barbarians behaviour as uncivilized. The typical barbarian was deemed to be wild, cruel, irrational, mostly religiously backwards, lacking in education and, more often than not, displaying arrogance and boasting. At the same time they were mystified, and thought of as physically impressive beings capable of unnatural strength. Consequently, the barbarians were viewed upon as creatures of lust and physicality rather than, like the Byzantines, beings of rationality and sense. The conclusion can be made that the Byzantines regarded Barbaricum in much the same manner as the postcolonial powers regarded the Orient – through the construction of a dichotomy between the self and the other. Concerning the Byzantine adherence to the Byzantine dream as expressed by John Meyendorff, to spread the Byzantine Empire beyond its borders and consume Barbaricum by political and religious means, the results indicate that there are reasons to question Meyendorff’s assumption. It’s plausible that there indeed were Byzantine inclinations to transform Barbaricum. Furthermore, the results indicate that the Byzantine view of the barbarians played some part in shaping that inclination. It’s, however, also plausible that while the Byzantines may have strived to transform Barbaricum, it doesn’t neccessarily follow that it had to succumb to Byzantine imperial authority. The investigated sources seem to suggest that the primary Byzantine goal was solely to transform Barbaricum religiously and politically into something that resembled the Byzantine Empire but wasn’t necessarily a full fledged part of it.

Thesis (Master of Military Art and Science)-Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

La présente thèse a comme sujet les icônes hagiographiques exécutées du début du XVe à la fin du XVIIe siècle dans l'île de Crète qui était sous domination vénitienne depuis 1210. La prise de Constantinople par les Ottomans en 1453 a privé l'empire byzantin de son centre et la Crète, où plusieurs peintres constantinopolitains se sont réfugiés, a développé, sous leur influence, l'art du chevalet dans des ateliers organisés sur le modèle des ateliers occidentaux. La présente étude inclut 74 icônes de 26 saints. Dans l'introduction, la présentation du sujet est suivie de l'intégration des œuvres dans leur contexte historique et artistique, de la présentation de l'état de la recherche et de J'approche méthodologique. Le texte s'articule en quatre chapitres. Le premier inclut une présentation de la fréquence de l'illustration des saints sur les icônes, de la répartition des œuvres par siècle, de la localisation des peintres connus et des commanditaires d'après des inscriptions dédicatoires. Le deuxième aborde l'évolution de la typologie quant à la disposition du cycle hagiographique du saint par rapport à la représentation centrale, au nombre des compartiments et le rapport avec celui des épisodes illustrés, les modes de délimitation des compartiments et la mise en place des épisodes illustrés. Le troisième chapitre étudie en détail l'évolution de l'iconographie des scènes, de la constitution des cycles et de la diffusion des formules iconographiques, avec comme point de départ les cycles des saints Georges et Nicolas. L'étude de l'évolution iconographique des cycles des toutes les icônes, suivant l'ordre chronologique des œuvres, est abordée dans le quatrième chapitre. / The present thesis is about vita icons executed from the beginning of the 15th to the end of the 17th c. on the island of Crete which was under Venetian rule since 1210. The capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453 deprived the Byzantine empire of its center and Crete, where several Constantinopolitan painters have taken refuge, has developed, under their influence, the art of the icons painting in workshops organized on the mode] of Western workshops. This study includes 74 icons of 26 saints. ln the Introduction, the presentation of the subject is followed by the integration of the works in their historical and artistic context, the presentation of the state of the research and the methodological approach. The text is divided into 4 chapters. The 1st includes a presentation of the frequency of illustration of saints on icons, the distribution of works by century, the location of known painters and sponsors based on dedicatory inscriptions. The 2nd deals with the evolution of the typology as to the disposition of the hagiographic cycle of the saint in relation to the central representation, the number of compartments and the relationship with that of the illustrated episodes, the modes of delimitation of the compartments and the establishment of the illustrated episodes. The 3d chapter studies in detail the evolution of the iconography of the scenes, the constitution of the cycles and the diffusion of the iconographic formulas, with as starting point the cycles of saints Georges and Nicolas. The study of the evolution of the iconography of the cycles of ail the icons, according to the chronological order of the works, is addressed in the 4th chapter.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lyvia Vasconcelos Baptista.pdf: 1002555 bytes, checksum: 3c9eb8eb3debc14cbb29bf07fb861d06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Profundamente marcada pelos elementos da Antiguidade clássica, a literatura bizantina apresenta-se como um curioso crisol de influências e condutas, o que reflete a própria situação do Império. O tema desta dissertação resume-se na percepção dos elementos que aproximam a obra Guerras Persas construída por Procópio de Cesaréa, no VI século d.C. e a História da Guerra do Peloponeso, elaborada por Tucídides, no V século a.C.. Num primeiro momento apresentaremos os historiadores ateniense e bizantino, inseridos nos seus contextos de produção e discorreremos sobre a forma como a historiografia trabalhou e utilizou suas imagens. Em seguida analisaremos os seus relatos num movimento relacional, lançando olhares a seus projetos historiográficos, a partir de dois princípios específicos: o metodológico e o teleológico. Nesse movimento, os relatos epidêmicos presentes em suas obras são abordados como um momento vantajoso para a percepção daquilo que movia e fundamentava a escrita da história nas obras destes historiadores, e da atitude classicista existente no interior do Império Bizantino.

L’histoire du christianisme chypriote commence avec la mission de Barnabé au Ier siècle ap. J.-C.Mais pourtant, cette figure emblématique ne fait apparition dans l’hagiographie qu’à partir du Ve siècle, sous la pression du siège épiscopal d’Antioche. Le développement de la légende et du culte de l’apôtre Barnabé et de ses disciples(Héraclides, Mnason, Rhodon, Auxibios,) est intimement lié à l’histoire et au destin de l’île. La thèse met en relief et en dialogue le corpus hagiographique et apocryphe, avec les débats dogmatiques, les répertoires archéologiques et les défis ecclésiaux, du Ve siècle jusqu’à l’invasion musulmane, au VIIe siècle. Le travail commence par une prise en considération de l’historiographie chypriote, de la production hagiographique et archéologique. S’ensuit une étude diachronique,synchronique et philologique des différentes éléments d’un large corpus témoignant, entre autres, de l’obtention par les chypriotes de l’autocéphalie grâce au principe de l’apostolicité des sièges épiscopaux. / The history of Cypriot Christianity begins with the mission of Barnabas in the 1st century AD.However, this emblematic figure did not appear in the hagiography until the 5th century, under the pressure of the episcopal see of Antioch. The development of the legend of the apostle Barnabas and his disciples (Heraclides, Mnason, Rhodon, Auxibios) is intimately linked to the history and destiny of the island. The thesis brings out, in dialogue, the hagiographic and apocryphal corpus,with dogmatic debates, archaeological repertoires and ecclesial challenges, from the fifth century to the Muslim invasion (seventh century). The work begins with a consideration of Cypriot historiography, hagiographic and archaeological production. This is followed by a diachronic, synchronic and philological study of the different elements of a large corpus, testifying, among otherthings, to the Cypriots' obtaining autocephaly thanks to the principle of the apostolicity of episcopal sees.

The following work will examine the historical genesis of the unit that will serve the Orthodox Church in the Czech lands. It will also defend the religious doctrine of that community and its relations with the state and other Christian denominations, especially with those that have historically had to reflect, and with those that have traditionally dominated the Czech territory and share in the co-importance of the national ethos. In our diploma thesis we try to respond to the questions of the origin of Orthodoxy, its development in history, its arrival in our territory, and its fate here. The subject of our research will be examined mainly from the historical point of view, but with some interdisciplinary intersections, especially in the field of literary history, linguistics, religion and comparative cultural studies in religion and collective psychology in determining and influencing the Czech nation's own national identity. Of course, all this with a critical distance, but also with a feeling for the spirit of the relevant epoch.

The present thesis deals with the Byzantine Empire at the beginning of the 13th century. The text concentrates on events following the conquest of Constantinople by the crusader army in 1204 and the response of Byzantine elites to the new political reality. The main attention is paid to Theodore I Laskaris and his actions concerning the emerge of Empire of Nicaea. The Nicene Empire is compared to the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze differences of these state units and their relation to the political and cultural tradition of the Byzantine Empire as well as to determinate main elements of the Byzantine statehood. The significant amount of both continuity of social processes and cultural traditions within the Byzantine society is emphasized. The Empire of Nicaea is evaluated as an integral and important part of the history of the Byzantine Empire.