Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_mca_dr_jabo.pdf: 2076387 bytes, checksum: c69287a57df1d91e1c872d6cfdf584d5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de suplementos lipídicos disponíveis em diferentes formas (soja em grão moído, óleo de soja, e sais de cálcio - SC) no consumo de matéria seca total; comportamento ingestivo; desempenho corporal; parâmetros de fermentação ruminal; características de carcaça; desenvolvimento e composição corporal; e na qualidade da carne de novilhas mantidas em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu suplementadas em duas frequências (diária ou segunda, quarta e sexta - SQS). O experimento foi realizado nos meses de julho a novembro de 2007. Foram utilizadas novilhas mestiças (1/4 Nelore x 1/4 Santa Gertrudis x 1/2 Braunvieh), alimentadas com três suplementos lipídicos na quantidade de 0,75% do peso corporal. Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualisados com os tratamentos em arranjo fatorial (3x2 – três suplementos lipídicos e duas frequências alimentares). O consumo de matéria seca total foi maior nos meses de agosto e outubro em relação ao mês novembro. Houve efeito das formas de fornecimento da fonte lipídica sobre o consumo em kg de matéria seca total, forragem e nutrientes. Durante o período seco e início das águas os animais obtiveram ganhos médios totais de 0,577g dia-1, que não foram influenciados pelas suplementos lipídicos e frequências de suplementação utilizadas. A redução na frequência de suplementação alterou o tempo de pastejo em função dos suplementos lipídicos. Não houve influência dos suplementos lipídicos e das frequências de suplementação sobre o balanço de compostos nitrogenados, na síntese e eficiência de proteína microbiana. Houve influência das formas de fornecimento dos suplementos lipídicos sobre os valores de pH ruminal. A menor frequência de suplementação proporcionou diferenças nas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal... / This research aimed to evaluate total dry matter intake, feeding behavior, growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters; carcass characteristics, development and body composition, and meat quality responses of steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu supplemented at two frequencies (daily or Monday, Wednesday and Friday - MWF), under different forms of lipid supplements (soybean grain, soybean oil, and calcium salts - CS). This research was conducted throughout a four month period during the dry season (July to November 2007). Crossbred heifers were used (1/4 Nellore x 1/4 Santa Gertrudis x 1/2 Braunvieh) fed with three lipid supplements in the amount of 0.75% of body weight. The experiment was completely random, using a 3x2 factorial arrangement (3 supplements and 2 supplementation frequencies). The total dry matter intake was higher in August and October compared to November. There was effect of the lipids forms supplied on total dry matter, forage and nutrients intake. During the dry season and beginning of the wet season the animals showed average daily gain of 0.577 g day-1, which were not affected by dietary lipid supplementation and frequencies used. The kind of lipid diet under reduction on the frequency of supplementation alter grazing time. There was no influence of diet lipid and frequencies supplementation on nitrogenous compounds, in the synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein. There was influence of the lipids forms diets on values of rumen pH. Supplementation provided under frequency differences in the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen. There was influence of the lipids forms diets on weight hot carcass, and weight and dress percentage. Supplementation with dietary lipids under different forms and frequencies does not provide differences in body composition... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Abstract Various bone proteins and growth factors are needed during the bone healing cascade. If the body cannot produce sufficient quantities of these factors, bone trauma healing can be improved with an implant that contains the required growth factors. However, an added bone protein extract needs a suitable delivery system to protect the proteins from degradation and to release them gradually, promoting new bone formation. This study focused on evaluating and optimization of the bone forming capacity of various scaffold systems of reindeer bone protein extract formulations using different experimental models. The tested carrier systems for various reindeer bone protein extract doses were collagen sponge and bioactive glass granules in critical-size defect model of rat femur. Calcium salt compositions (beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite or calcium sulphate) in disc and compressed pellet forms were tested in the thigh muscle pouch model of mouse. Various β-TCP granules combined with polyethylene/glycerol and stearic acid gel were tested in a hole defect model of sheep femur and humerus. Control groups involved carrier materials with no protein extract or untreated defects. In the sheep study, reference materials also included autograft and demineralized bone matrix (DBM). New bone formation, bone healing, and carrier resorption were evaluated based on radiographs, peripheral computerized tomography (pQCT), mechanical tests, histological examination, and micro-CT. New bone formation and bone union were markedly better in groups receiving higher doses of the extract and with follow-ups of six or more weeks, compared to empty defect or carrier without extract. Resorptions of carrier materials in active groups were faster and more active than in the control groups. The greatest bone formation occurred in the groups that had the bone protein extract readily available, which indicated that bone forming factors are required in sufficient concentrations at an early stage. The micro-CT analysis showed that bone formation in the groups with the extract was comparable to autograft, while the least bone formation was observed in the DBM and untreated groups. The present study indicated that the tested reindeer bone protein extract can be used to improve bone formation with various carriers. The study suggests that an inorganic carrier material together with stearic acid is the one of most suitable carrier alternatives for this extract. The developed medical device in paste form can be an alternative for autograft use. / Tiivistelmä Luun paraneminen vaatii erilaisia proteiineja ja kasvutekijöitä. Jos elimistö ei pysty tuottamaan riittävää määrää näitä tekijöitä, luumurtuma ei parane luonnollisesti vaan vaatii hoitoa, jossa murtuma alueelle viedään tarvittavia kasvutekijöitä. Kasvutekijät kiinnitetään tarkoituksenmukaiseen kantaja-aineeseen, jonka avulla kasvutekijöiden vapautumista ja toimintaa voidaan säädellä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida ja optimoida erilaisissa eläinmalleissa porosta eristetyn luuproteiiniuutteen kantaja-ainesysteemien toimivuutta. Testatut kantaja-ainemateriaalit olivat kollageenihuopa ja bioaktiivinen lasirae. Näitä testattiin useilla luuproteiiniannoksilla, ja mallina oli rotan reisiluun kriittisen koon murtuma. Hiiren reisilihasmallilla testattiin kalsiumsuolayhdistelmiä (beta trikalsiumfosfaatti (β-TCP), hydroksiapatiitti ja kalsiumsulfaatti) tablettina ja pellettinä. Lampaan reisi- ja olkaluiden reikämurtumamallilla testattiin erilaisia β-TCP-rakeita yhdistettynä polyetyleenistä, glyserolista ja steariinihaposta valmistettuun geeliin. Kontrollisryhmistä toinen sisälsi kantaja-aineen ilman luuproteiiniuutetta, toisessa ryhmässä murtuma jätettiin kokonaan hoitamatta. Lammaskokeessa verrattiin lisäksi omaluusiirteen ja demineralisoidun luumateriaalin (DBM) toimivuutta verrattuna poron luuproteiiniuutteeseen. Uudisluun muodostuminen, murtuman paraneminen ja kantaja-aineen hajoaminen arvioitiin natiiviröntgenillä, perifeerisellä tietokonetomografialla (pQCT), mekaanisin testein, histologisesti ja mikro-CT:llä. Luuproteiiniuutetta sisältäneillä ryhmillä oli luun paraneminen ja kantaja-aineen hajoaminen merkittävästi parempaa kuin uutetta sisältämättömillä ryhmillä. Uudisluun muodostuminen oli suurempaa korkeammilla annoksilla ja pitemmillä seuranta-ajoilla. Suurin uudisluun muodostus mitattiin ryhmillä, joissa luuproteiiniuute oli heti käytettävissä implantoinnin jälkeen. Tämä osoittaa, että varsinkin murtuman paranemisen alkuvaiheissa tarvitaan luuta muodostavia kasvutekijöitä riittävinä pitoisuuksina. Mikro-CT-analyysit osoittivat, että luuproteiiniuuttetta sisältäneet ryhmät olivat verrannollisia omaluusiirrehoidolle. Vähiten uudisluuta havaittiin DBM ja tyhjäreikäryhmissä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että poron luuproteiiniuutetta erilaisten kantajamateriaalien kanssa voidaan käyttää parantamaan luun muodostumista. Erityisesti epäorgaaninen kantajamateriaali steariinihapon kanssa on yksi soveltuvimmista vaihtoehdoista luu-uutteelle. Kehitelty pastamutoinen lääkinnällinen laite, joka sisälsi poron luuproteiiniuutteen ja kalsiumsuolakantaja-aineen, osoittautui vaihtoehdoksi omaluusiirrehoidolle.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23934号 / 農博第2483号 / 新制||農||1089(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5369(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 廣岡 博之, 教授 松井 徹, 教授 吉田 天士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the use of different fat sources on feedlot steers finishing diets, on their performance, economic evaluation, carcass and meat characteristics. Twenty steers, with average initial age and weight of 20 months and 260 kg, were used. The offered roughage was corn silage and the tested concentrates were: TCB basic concentrate; TFAI basic concentrate + integral rice bran + rice oil; TM3 - basic concentrate + 3% of fatty acids calcium salts and TM6 basic concentrate + 6% of fatty acids calcium salts. The roughage:concentrate used relation was of 66:34. The dry matter, crude protein, digestible energy, neutral and acid detergent fibers intakes were similar between treatments, as well as average weight gain and final weight (P>.05). However, difference was observed for ether extract daily intake, being the higher value for the animals that consumed 6% of fatty acid calcium salts (.77 kg), intermediary value for the ones that consumed 3% of fatty acid calcium salts and the ones that consumed integral rice bran plus rice oil (.51 kg) and lower value for the ones that consumed basic concentrate (.25 kg). Concentrate and total diet costs, as well as the weight gain necessary to cover feed costs was higher for animals that consumed 6% of fatty acid calcium salts, however gross and net incomes were similar. The animals that consumed 6% of fatty acid calcium salts presented higher subcutaneous fat thickness (5.21 mm) and carcass total fat content (27.9%). Meat characteristics from steers that consumed integral rice bran and oil or fatty acid calcium salts were similar from the ones that didn t consume fat. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes fontes de gordura na dieta de novilhos confinados em terminação sobre o desempenho, apreciação econômica, características de carcaça e carne. Foram utilizados 20 novilhos, com idade e peso vivo médios iniciais de 20 meses e 260 kg. O volumoso oferecido foi a silagem de milho e os concentrados testadas foram: TCB concentrado base; TFAI concentrado base + farelo de arroz integral e óleo de arroz; TM3 concentrado base + 3% de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos e TM6 concentrado base + 6% de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos. A relação volumoso:concentrado utilizada foi de 66:34. Os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, energia digestível, fibras em detergente neutro e ácido foram similares entre os tratamentos, bem como o ganho de peso médio diário e peso final (P>0,05). Entretanto, houve diferença no consumo de extrato etéreo diário, sendo maior para os animais que consumiram 6% de sais de ácidos graxos (0,77 kg), intermediário para aqueles que consumiram 3% de sais de ácidos graxos e para aqueles que consumiram farelo de arroz integral e óleo (0,51 kg) e inferior para os que consumiram concentrado base (0,25 kg). Os custos com concentrado e da dieta total, bem como o ganho de peso necessário para compensar os custos com a alimentação foram maiores para os animais que consumiram 6% de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos, entretanto as receitas brutas e líquidas foram semelhantes. Os animais que consumiram 6% de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos apresentaram maiores espessura de gordura subcutânea (5,21mm) e conteúdo total de gordura na carcaça (27,9%). As características das carnes dos novilhos que consumiram farelo de arroz integral e óleo de arroz ou sais de ácidos graxos foram semelhantes aos que não ingeriram gordura.