Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-28T17:43:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES DOS SANTOS PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 2702576 bytes, checksum: 45431567404c5290f49012771848f87a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T17:43:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES DOS SANTOS PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 2702576 bytes, checksum: 45431567404c5290f49012771848f87a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / O ovo em sua forma integral ou a clara e gema apresentam-se como ingrediente fundamental em inúmeros produtos alimentares ao agregar propriedades nutricionais e funcionais. A secagem é uma maneira bem sucedida de conservação dos ovos, considerando algumas vantagens como: ocupar menos espaço no estoque; facilidade de transporte; boa uniformidade; utilização mais fácil e ter qualidade microbiológica estável. Uma vantagem considerável na secagem em camada de espuma é a sua capacidade de manter a alta qualidade dos produtos, apresentando grandes possibilidades para a indústria alimentícia, além da baixa temperatura empregada e com tempo de desidratação reduzido devido à maior área de contato com o ar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a cinética de secagem em camada de espuma das claras dos ovos de granja e de capoeira (caipira), bem como ajustar os dados experimentais das curvas de secagem com modelos cinéticos como o de Henderson e Pabis, Midilli e Kucuk, Page e um modelo linear. Foram determinadas características da espuma, como densidade, expansão, capacidade de incorporação de ar e estabilidade da espuma. O estudo da influência das variáveis independentes sobre a secagem foi feito de acordo com um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 23 + 4 pontos centrais. As variáveis operacionais a serem estudadas (variáveis de entrada) foram: espessura da camada de espuma; tempo de agitação da espuma e temperatura de secagem. E as variáveis dependentes do processo (variáveis de saída) foram tempo de secagem e umidade final, teor de proteínas e luminosidade (cor). Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química, microscópica e de cor do pó obtido. A clara de ovo, por conter naturalmente propriedades espumantes devido ao alto teor e estrutura de suas proteínas apresentou resultados satisfatórios em relação à caracterização física da espuma. Todos os experimentos apresentaram uma boa reprodutibilidade, com curvas representadas caracteristicamente pela taxa constante e a taxa decrescente. Para o ajuste dos dados da clara de capoeira os modelos não lineares que melhor representaram os dados experimentais foram o de Midilli e Kucuk e o modelo de Page seguidos do modelo linear que foi utilizado para o ajuste dos dados até os 150 minutos de secagem. O modelo de Midilli e Kucuk apesar de apresentar o melhor coeficiente de determinação (R2) não foi estatisticamente significativo. Para a clara de granja o modelo linear apresentou o melhor ajuste considerando o tempo máximo de 130 minutos de secagem, seguido pelos modelos não lineares de Midilli e Kucuk e o de Page respectivamente. O processo de secagem da clara de ovo pelo método de camada de espuma mostrou-se satisfatório quanto aos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que as condições testadas não influenciaram de forma significativa em características tecnológicas importantes do produto final, como o teor de proteínas. / The egg in their entirety form or the white and the yolk present as essential ingredient in many food products by adding nutritional and functional properties. Drying is a successful way of conservation of eggs, whereas some advantages as to occupy less space ease of transport, good uniformity, easier to use and be stable microbiological quality. A considerable advantage in the foam-mat drying is its ability to maintain high product quality, presenting great opportunities for the food industry, besides the low temperature employed and reduced dehydration of time due to the larger area of contact with air. This work aims to study the drying kinetics in foam-mat drying the white of the farm eggs and capoeira (caipira) and to adjust the experimental data of the curves of dryness with the kinetic model obtained as Henderson and Pabis, Midilli and Kucuk , Page and a linear model. The study of the influence of the independent variables about dryness was made according to an experimental factorial plan complete 23 + 4 central points. The operational variables to be studied (input variables) were: thickness of the foam layer; shaking time of foam and drying temperature. And the dependent variables of the process (output variables) were drying time and final moisture content, protein content and brightness (color). It was made physicochemical characterization, and microscopic color of the powder obtained was performed. Egg whites to contain naturally foaming properties due to the high content and structure of its proteins showed satisfactory results regarding the physical characteristics of the foam. All experiments showed good reproducibility with curves represented by the characteristically constant rate and decreasing rate. For the adjustment of the data of the capoeira white data nonlinear models that best represent the experimental data were of Midilli and Kucuk and followed by Page linear model was used to fit the data until 150 minutes drying. The model of Midilli and Kucuk despite having the best coefficient of determination (R2) was not statistically significant. For the white of the farm linear model showed the best fit considering the maximum time of 130 minutes drying, followed by non-linear models and Midilli and Kucuk and the Page respectively. The process of drying the egg white froth layer method was satisfactory for the evaluated parameters, and the conditions tested did not influence significantly on important technological characteristics of the final product as the protein.

[ES] La investigación se centra en los hostels urbanos contemporáneos desde la perspectiva de la arquitectura situando el foco en su rasgo definitorio: la cama como único espacio privado en un alojamiento colectivo. Se parte de la hipótesis de considerar que a raíz de cambios recientes en los hábitos y en las demandas de sus usuarios, este mueble tiende a diseñarse con un formato análogo a una pequeña habitación. Concebir las camas como habitáculos permite comprender los hostels como una agrupación de piezas completas e independientes instaladas en espacios colectivos de mayor tamaño. El resultado es un paisaje interior compuesto de camas que pone de manifiesto la aproximación entre este mueble y la ciudad. En base a este argumento, la cama se contempla como pequeña construcción, que integra componentes que amplían sus posibilidades de uso y le independizan de su entorno, a la vez que como unidad habitacional de arquitecturas de mayor tamaño caracterizadas por la ausencia de dormitorios privados y por su carácter colectivo. El mobiliario y su disposición en el espacio aporta información sobre un momento cultural e ideológico concreto. En este sentido, una modificación sustancial de algún aspecto constituye un síntoma de un cambio de costumbres de quienes hacen uso de él, permitiendo comparar formas de vida de contextos dispares a partir de soluciones equiparables en sus muebles. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de profundizar en el papel que adquiere la cama en los hostels y explorar la forma de vida asociada a su formato. Para ello, por un lado, se toman los albergues juveniles de la ciudad de Barcelona como caso de estudio. Este análisis permite explicar el programa desde la mirada de un arquitecto y detectar las transformaciones que con el tiempo han tenido lugar en el diseño de sus camas y en sus organizaciones espaciales. Por otro lado, se lleva a cabo una selección y comparación de un conjunto de imágenes de camas de procedencia dispar con formatos equiparables a las del hostel. La recopilación evidencia la relación existente entre el uso y el diseño del mueble, las características del espacio en el que se dispone y la mentalidad de la sociedad a la que pertenece. La comparativa permite contemplar los diseños de otras épocas como vigentes a la vez que poner en valor la cama de los hostels al contrastarla conceptualmente con otros ejemplares paradigmáticos. Mientras que el análisis documenta un caso de estudio concreto, su comparación con otros modelos pretende comprenderlo. Ampliar la mirada sobre la forma de alojamiento estudiada lleva a reflexiones a las que no se habría llegado solo con la observación de los hostels. El discurso revela la arquitectura que comporta el mueble de la cama y traza asociaciones entre su diseño y aspectos relativos al espacio en el que se dispone y a los modos de vida predominantes del contexto al que pertenece. Se trata de una llamada de atención sobre un objeto extremadamente cotidiano para expresar la importancia de revisitarlo a día de hoy. / [CA] La investigació se centra en els hostels urbans contemporanis des de la perspectiva de l'arquitectura situant el focus en el seu tret definitori: el llit com a únic espai privat en un allotjament col·lectiu. Es parteix de la hipòtesi de considerar que arran de canvis recents en els hàbits i en les demandes dels usuaris, aquest moble tendeix a dissenyar-se amb un format anàleg a una petita habitació. Concebre els llits com a habitacles permet comprendre els hostels com una agrupació de peces completes i independents instal·lades en espais col·lectius més grans. El resultat és un paisatge interior compost de llits que posa de manifest l'aproximació entre aquest moble i la ciutat. En base a aquest argument, el llit es contempla com a petita construcció, que integra components que amplien les seves possibilitats d'ús i l'independitzen del seu entorn, alhora que com a unitat habitacional d'arquitectures més grans caracteritzades per l'absència de dormitoris privats i pel seu caràcter col·lectiu. El mobiliari i la seua disposició a l'espai aporta informació sobre un moment cultural i ideològic concret. En aquest sentit, una modificació substancial d'algun aspecte constitueix un símptoma d'un canvi de costums dels qui en fan ús, permetent comparar formes de vida de contextos dispars a partir de solucions equiparables als mobles. Aquest treball té l'objectiu d'aprofundir en el paper que adquireix el llit als hostels i explorar la forma de vida associada al seu format. Per això, per una banda, es prenen els albergs juvenils de la ciutat de Barcelona com a cas d`estudi. Aquesta anàlisi permet explicar el programa des de la mirada d'un arquitecte i detectar les transformacions que amb el temps han tingut lloc en el disseny dels llits i les organitzacions espacials. D'altra banda, es fa una selecció i comparació d'un conjunt d'imatges de llits de procedència dispar amb formats equiparables als del hostel. La recopilació evidència la relació existent entre l'ús i el disseny del moble, les característiques de l'espai on es disposa i la mentalitat de la societat a què pertany. La comparativa permet contemplar els dissenys d'altres èpoques com a vigents alhora que posar en valor el llit dels hostels en contrastar-lo conceptualment amb altres exemplars paradigmàtics. Mentre que l'anàlisi documenta un cas d'estudi concret, la comparació amb altres models pretén comprendre'l. Ampliar la mirada sobre la forma d'allotjament estudiada porta a reflexions a què no s'hauria arribat només amb l'observació dels hostels. El discurs revela l'arquitectura que comporta el moble del llit i traça associacions entre el disseny i els aspectes relatius a l'espai on es disposa i als modes de vida predominants del seu context. Es tracta d'una crida d'atenció sobre un objecte extremadament quotidià per expressar la importància de revisitar-lo avui dia. / [EN] The research focuses on contemporary urban hostels from an architectural perspective, placing the central point on their defining feature: the bed as the only private space in collective accommodation. It starts from the hypothesis of considering that this piece of furniture tends to be designed in a format analogous to a small room as a result of recent changes in the habits and demands of its users. Conceiving beds as rooms allows us to understand hostels as a group of complete and independent pieces installed in larger collective spaces. The result is an interior landscape composed of beds that reveals the relationship between this piece of furniture and the city. Based on this argument, the bed is considered as a small construction, which integrates components that expand its possibilities of use and make it independent from its surroundings, and at the same time as a living unit of larger architectures characterized by the absence of private bedrooms and by their collective nature. This furnishing and their arrangement in the space provide information about a specific cultural and ideological moment. In this sense, a substantial modification of some aspect is a symptom of a change in the habits of those who use it, making it possible to compare lifestyles from different contexts on the basis of comparable solutions in their furniture. The aim of this research is to study the role of the bed in hostels and to explore the way of life associated with their format. To do this, on the one hand, the youth hostels in the city of Barcelona are taken as a case study. This analysis explains their program from an architect's point of view and detects the transformations that have taken place over time in the design of its beds and in its spatial organizations. On the other hand, a selection and comparison of a set of images of beds of different origins with formats comparable to those of hostels is carried out. This collection evidences the relationship between the use and design of the furniture, the characteristics of the space in which it is arranged and the mentality of the society to which it belongs. The comparison allows us to consider the designs of other periods as valid while highlighting the value of hostels beds by conceptually contrasting them with other paradigmatic examples. Whereas the analysis documents a specific case study, its comparison with other models aims to understand it. Broadening the gaze on the form of accommodation studied leads to reflections that would not have been possible by observing the hostels alone. The discourse reveals the architecture of the bed furniture and draws associations between its design and aspects related to the space in which it is arranged and the predominant ways of life in its context. It is a call for attention to an extremely everyday object to express the importance of revisiting it today. / Tesis realizada gracias a la financiación del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional a través de un contrato de formación de profesorado universitario (FPU-16/01717, octubre 2017-marzo 2022) y una ayuda para una estancia de investigación (marzo-mayo 2019). / Miguel Pastor, MD. (2023). De la cama a la ciudad. Aproximación al hostel urbano desde el ámbito privado. Barcelona como caso de estudio [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196680

This thesis examines restoration of Garry oak ecosystems in Southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Before the arrival of European settlers, Coast Salish peoples practiced intensive stewardship and cultivation practices that heavily shaped Garry oak ecosystems. These long-standing stewardship practices are responsible for the abundance of culturally important plants found in Garry oak ecosystems today. In addition to their cultural value to Coast Salish peoples, Garry oak ecosystems also support unique biodiversity, including numerous at-risk species. These ecosystems and the values they embody came under threat with the arrival of European settlers, who introduced non-native plants and excluded Coast Salish peoples and their stewardship practices from these ecosystems. Today, Garry oak ecosystems have been reduced to a fraction of their pre-colonial distribution and remaining patches are typically heavily invaded by both native and non-native plants. Their cultural and biological values coupled with ongoing degradation has motivated both Indigenous and non-Indigenous land managers to implement restoration programs in Garry oak ecosystems. To inform future restoration efforts, this thesis examines ecological impacts of a long-term restoration program and a wildfire in a lək̓ʷəŋən Garry oak ecosystem at Mill Hill Regional Park near Langford, British Columbia. In Project 1, vegetation responses to a 13-year invasive species removal program were quantified to determine if native plant populations were successfully bolstered by the removal efforts. In Project 2, impacts of an unintended wildfire on the relative cover of native and non-native plants were examined. This attempted to explore potential ecosystem shifts that may occur as wildfires increase in frequency and severity as predicted by climate models. In Project 1, the greatest change observed after invasive species removal was an increase in other introduced species, while increases in native species were not statistically significant. In Project 2, introduced Anthoxanthum odoratum was facilitated by fire while native Camassia spp. were reduced by it. Taken together, these results demonstrate the complexity of restoring Indigenously managed ecosystems where multiple introduced species have existed for long periods. Invasive species, specifically Anthoxanthum odoratum, showed greater responses to removal efforts and wildfire than native species. Intensive, long-term restoration programs that utilize multiple tools, including low-intensity fire, invasive removal, herbicide, and seeding of native species appear necessary to bolster native species without unintentional facilitation of introduced species. Coast Salish peoples and stewardship practices were integral in maintaining these ecosystems before the arrival of European settlers and should play a key role in their restoration today, though traditional practices will likely need adapted to account for environmental changes caused by colonization. Furthermore, to avoid continuing the cultural damage that began with colonization, it is vital that Coast Salish First Nations lead or be directly involved in restoration of these ecosystems, which continue to hold irreplaceable cultural value. / Graduate / 2023-01-14