published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

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Much has been written on the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902. Different themes, ranging from battles to more personal experiences, have been documented. Furthermore there are many statistics regarding the war. The aim of this study is to obtain, through the existing sources, the total number of civilian deaths during the Anglo- Boer war. To compile a genealogical database regarding the civilian deaths is not an easy task. Almost all sources have conflicting figures regarding the number of civilians who actually died. Deaths were not restricted to the concentration camps. There were also those of people on their way to the camps, or those fleeing from captivity. The aim of this study is to give an account of the process used to compile the genealogical database. By putting certain criteria in place the database should be stripped of any duplication. The reasons for [him concentration camps being created, and the number of camps that came into existence, including the total of deaths with unique abstracts from the database, are described in detail. There is confusion about the terms "refugee" and concentration camps. This is clarified. A brief explanation is given of how, where and when the camps came into being. The number of camps, and their period of existence, as well as the total numbers of civilian deaths in the camps, were compiled in an effort to secure greater accuracy. With the relevant support of information from the electronic database, it was possible to compile a comprehensive picture of the numbers of deaths that occurred. There are furthermore, some observations on the spelling of surnames. It is important because the use of Afrikaans, Dutch and English has led to different forms of spelling. The core objective of this study was to find the exact number of civilian deaths during the Anglo-Boer War. The penultimate chapter is a detailed explanation of related deaths. A list containing the main causes of deaths, mainly disease, is included. The number of deaths is tabulated in terms of their causes. It is possible to see the profound impact of what really happened. Information of unique deaths, deaths in certain families, as well as statistics regarding the overall age and gender of victims is included. Another aim of the study was to compile a complete list of all the civilians who died during the Anglo Boer War, more complete and with more detail than that of P.L.A. Goldman. This was indeed an overwhelming exercise. P.L.A. Goldman had a total of 27 927 names and the database total account for 33 978 individual deaths. Included are the 759 names of black names as compiled by S.V. Kessler. Hopefully the database will succeed in bringing us closer to the civilian deaths during 1899-1902. It should be useful to genealogical researchers. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

Much has been written on the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902. Different themes, ranging from battles to more personal experiences, have been documented. Furthermore there are many statistics regarding the war. The aim of this study is to obtain, through the existing sources, the total number of civilian deaths during the Anglo- Boer war. To compile a genealogical database regarding the civilian deaths is not an easy task. Almost all sources have conflicting figures regarding the number of civilians who actually died. Deaths were not restricted to the concentration camps. There were also those of people on their way to the camps, or those fleeing from captivity. The aim of this study is to give an account of the process used to compile the genealogical database. By putting certain criteria in place the database should be stripped of any duplication. The reasons for [him concentration camps being created, and the number of camps that came into existence, including the total of deaths with unique abstracts from the database, are described in detail. There is confusion about the terms "refugee" and concentration camps. This is clarified. A brief explanation is given of how, where and when the camps came into being. The number of camps, and their period of existence, as well as the total numbers of civilian deaths in the camps, were compiled in an effort to secure greater accuracy. With the relevant support of information from the electronic database, it was possible to compile a comprehensive picture of the numbers of deaths that occurred. There are furthermore, some observations on the spelling of surnames. It is important because the use of Afrikaans, Dutch and English has led to different forms of spelling. The core objective of this study was to find the exact number of civilian deaths during the Anglo-Boer War. The penultimate chapter is a detailed explanation of related deaths. A list containing the main causes of deaths, mainly disease, is included. The number of deaths is tabulated in terms of their causes. It is possible to see the profound impact of what really happened. Information of unique deaths, deaths in certain families, as well as statistics regarding the overall age and gender of victims is included. Another aim of the study was to compile a complete list of all the civilians who died during the Anglo Boer War, more complete and with more detail than that of P.L.A. Goldman. This was indeed an overwhelming exercise. P.L.A. Goldman had a total of 27 927 names and the database total account for 33 978 individual deaths. Included are the 759 names of black names as compiled by S.V. Kessler. Hopefully the database will succeed in bringing us closer to the civilian deaths during 1899-1902. It should be useful to genealogical researchers. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

This thesis combines ethnographic methods with feminist political analysis to examine Congolese young people’s decision-making roles in families, households, communities and policy spaces in Kampala and Kyaka II refugee settlement, Uganda. As refugees and young people, research subjects face many structural constraints. However, their diverse experiences defy homogenising discourses of marginality as an inherent, fixed characteristic. Instead, this thesis develops and applies a conceptual framework of political marginalisation as a dynamic process in multiple spaces. Research findings show that young people’s decision-making roles vis-à-vis resource distribution and division of labour are relational and contextual. Their multiple subject positions and relationships in overlapping networks affect differential decision-making roles. In particular, social age and gender are major axes of decision-making processes. Analyses of inter-linkages across patterns of relationships reveal that research subjects in peer networks and intergenerational household networks with independent resources have more decision-making opportunities at household, community and policy levels than their counterparts in intergenerational family networks. This contradicts assumptions that young people without their biological parents are inherently ‘marginalised’, and highlights the political importance of decision-making processes in perceived ‘private’ spaces, such as families and households. Structure and power relationships thus situate decision-making processes and affect available choices, but they cannot solely explain political roles and behaviour. This thesis also stresses the importance of agentic beliefs, intentions and aspirations. As actors in dynamic marginalisation processes, some young people attempt to access central spaces through education, remunerated formal employment and physical mobility. Others use marginal and transitional spaces to provide alternatives to the status quo. Such creativity and productivity occasion possibilities of political change. However, UNHCR’s protection and assistance responses do not facilitate these transformative processes because of their focus on perceived essentialist characteristics of monolithic ‘marginals’. This thesis offers an alternative approach that recognises refugee young people’s political agency, as well as the structural and power dynamics that constrain their decision-making opportunities.

El trabajo realizado en esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar las metodologías de la química teórica y computacional en la descripción de los efectos del entorno en sistemas químicos. La primera parte se centra en el efecto del solvente, en concreto en el desarrollo de modelos cuánticos continuos de solvatación, y en la derivación de modelos de solvatación fraccional obtenidos a partir de métodos continuos capaces de descomponer energías libres de solvatación y de transferencia entre solventes en contribuciones asociadas a fragmentos químicos de una molécula. Esto permite obtener el perfil tridimensional de las regiones hidrofóbicas/hidrofílicas de una molécula a partir de sus contribuciones fraccionales a la solvatación, siendo esta información muy útil en el establecimiento de relaciones cuantitativas estructura-actividad para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, o en la definiciones de índices de similaridad hidrofóbicos, basados en la similitud de este perfil tridimensional entre dos compuestos. Con este objetivo se ha parametrizado satisfactoriamente el modelo continuo MST para la predicción de coeficientes de partición octanol/agua y de energías libres de solvatación en agua, cloroformo, tetracloruro de carbono y octanol, tanto a nivel ab initio HF/6-31G(d) como a niveles semiempíricos AM1 y PM3. También se ha parametrizado el modelo MST para el estudio de especies iónicas en solución. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo una comparación entre la respuesta electrostática obtenida a partir de diferentes modelos continuos SCRF (MST, SM5.42R y MPE), ilustrando las grandes diferencias que se pueden encontrar entre las contribuciones electrostáticas y no electrostáticas según sea el modelo usado, y poniendo así de manifiesto la estrecha relación que hay que considerar entre estas contribuciones a la solvatación y la parametrización específica de cada modelo continuo. La metodología de solvatación fraccional usada ha permitido además ilustrar la dependencia de estas contribuciones fragmentales respecto a efectos electrónicos, estéricos o tautoméricos. La segunda parte de este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo de metodologías eficientes y precisas para la descripción de las fuerzas de polarización en campos de fuerzas clásicos. Se han estudiado dos metodologías, una basada en un tratamiento implícito de estas fuerzas a partir de un modelo de doble carga, que permite describir satisfactoriamente la distribución de carga de una molécula en un entorno aislado, y frente a la acción de un campo externo, respectivamente, permitiendo reproducir de forma adecuada las energías de polarización para una serie de complejos por puente de hidrógeno y catión-pi. También se ha estudiado la inclusión de los efectos de polarización mediante dipolos puntuales inducidos. En este sentido, se ha profundizado en una metodología capaz de obtener modelos distribuidos de polarizabilidades atómicas isotrópicas muy eficiente computacionalmente y que permite reproducir de forma precisa la polarizabilidad global de las moléculas para la serie de derivados bencénicos estudiados, así como la contribución de polarización en sus energías de interacción catión-pi con un catión de sodio. / The objective of this work is the improvement of the methodologies available in the field of theoretical and computacional chemistry for the description of the effects of environment in chemical systems.First, it is presented a set of studies on the effect of the solvent, in particular on the development of quantum continuum solvation models and the decomposition of free energies of solvation and transfer into contributions associated to chemical fragments of a molecule. In this way, it can be obtained a 3D picture of the hydrophobic/hydrophylic regions of a molecule, and this information is very valuable in the establishment of quantitative structure-activity relationships for the development of new drugs, and permits also the definition of a hydrophobic similarity index based on the the hydrophobic profile of two different compounds. The parametrization of the MST model presented is able to satisfactorily reproduce octanol/water partition coefficients and free energies of solvation in water, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and octanol, both at the ab initio HF/6-31G(d) and semiempirical AM1 and PM3 levels of theory. The hydration of ionic species has also been revised in the framework of the MST model. Finally, a comparison of the electrostatic response obtained from different SCRF continuum models (MST, SM5.42R and MPE) is presented. A different balance between the electrostatic and nonelectrostatic contributions has been obtained from the different models, and show that it is necessary to mantain a close correspondece between each SCRF formalism and the specific details of its parametrization. Finally, the transferability of fragmental contributions to solvation has been explored. The second part of this work is aimed at the development of efficient methodologies for the description of polarization forces in classical force fields. Two methodologies has been explored. The first is based on an implicit treatment of these forces through a dual charge model, that represent the charge distribution of a molecule alone and in response to an external field, respectively. Finally, the explicit treatment of polarization effects through induced point dipoles has been studied. In particular, it has been explored an efficient methodology to obtain distributed models of atomic isotropic polarizabilities.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007. / Document formatted into pages; contains v, 111 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Würzburg, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 531-544).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-82). Also available via the World Wide Web.