Dans la cadre de la Guerre Froide, comment la Chine – un Parti-État au bloc socialiste – s’entend-elle avec la France – un pays du camp capitaliste ? Et quels rôles jouent le PCF et les Maoïstes français ? Cette thèse présente les éléments idéologiques et réalistes dans les relations sino-français depuis 1949 à 1969. Au début, les deux pays s’opposent à cause des guerres d'Indochine et Corée. Les échanges politiques et économiques officiels sont rompus. Le PCF devient le pont principal qui relie deux pays par ses entreprises ou associations comme l’Association des Amitiés franco-chinoises.Après la Conférence de Genève, la relation bilatérale s’améliore et certains canaux de communication sont créés. Mais la détente est limitée en raison des États-Unis et du problème de Taïwan. Dans cette période, le PCF et ses organisations de masses aussi jouent des rôles importants dans la relations sino-françaises. Et les chinois apprécient les informations et suggestions proposées par le PCF. Mais le gouvernement français est vigilant sur les activités avec des éléments idéologiques ou politiques.La troisième partie marque l'établissement des relations diplomatiques. Mais Charles de Gaulle reprend le pouvoir et ne choisit pas de reconnaitre la Chine immédiatement. Et la Chine adopte une attitude indifférente envers de Gaulle en raison des problèmes idéologiques. Cependant, les conflits sino-soviétiques et les affaires indochinoises la poussent à changer ses attitudes en 1961-1962. A la suite de la détérioration des relations avec le PCF et de la résolution des problèmes algériens, les rôles idéologiques qui empêchent la rétablissement des relations sino-français s’affaiblit.Bien que les relations sino-françaises se développent très vite, les difficultés restent. La Révolution culturelle et Mai 68 exercent un impact négatif. Conclusion, comment arranger buts réalistes et ambitions idéalistes dans les politiques étrangères, c’est une question importante pour les deux pays. / In the context of the Cold War, how PRC, a party-state in the socialist bloc, got along with France, a nation in the capitalist bloc? And what roles the PCF and French Maoists played between two countries? This thesis presents the ideological and realistic elements in Sino-French relations from 1949 to 1969.At first, these two countries were opposed in the Indochinese War and the Korea War. The official exchanges were broken. The PCF became the main bridge linking the two countries by its enterprises or associations, like the Association of Franco-Chinese Friendship.After the Geneva Conference, the bilateral relationship improved and some communication channels were created. But the American foreign policies and the Taiwan issue were still barriers. In this period, the PCF and its mass organizations also played important roles in the Sino-French relations. And the Chinese government appreciated the information and suggestions provided by the PCF. But the French government was alert to the ideological or political elements in the activities.In 1958, Charles de Gaulle returned to power, but he did not choose to recognize China immediately. And China adopted an indifferent attitude towards his government because of the ideological problems. Following the deterioration of relations between the PCF and the PCC and the resolution of the Algerian problems, the ideological roles that prevented the restoration of Sino-French relations were weakening.Although the bilateral relationships developed quickly after the establishment of Sino-French relations, the difficulties still remained. The Cultural Revolution and May 68 had a negative impact on their relations. Until the autumn 1968, the attitudes of the Chinese leadership toward France returned to normal.To sum up, the ideological elements in Sino-French relationship always exist. But realistic interests became more and more important and encouraged the two countries to improve their relations. A peaceful coexistence is a consensus for both China and France.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the degree of Master of Arts. Johannesburg 1995. / This thesis set out to investigate the relation between hostels and the political violence on the Reef between July 1990 and December 1993 which claimed 4756 lives. This relation is anchored in a broader discussion of firstly, political violence in South Africa generally, and secondly of the hostel system. This contextualisation frames the investigation of two Sowetan hostels Meadowlands and Merafe. These two hostels were among those that became focal points of political violence on the Reef during the period under review. The thesis argues that the political violence and conflict on the Reef between 1990 and 1993 constituted a "war" in which these and other hostels played a crucial part. The Inkatha Freedom Party colonised these institutions, ejected non-Zulu and ANC supporters and transformed the hostels from migrants camps into "fortresses of fear" from which many attacks on township residents were launched. The thesis attempts to understand this process through an in-depth investigation of Meadowlands and Merafe hostels as case studies. It attempts to draw a sociological profile of these two hostels. This has involved examining these hostels as social institutions, the social relations and culture operating within them, and their place in the social structure of the surrounding community. The thesis has included an investigation of the social characteristics of hostel residents such as their ethnic identity, age, gender identity, marital, employment status, political affiliation and work history. These multiple identities are components in attempting to explain the participation of many hostel residents in political violence. Through a series of in-depth interviews the thesis has attempted to map their different experiences and understandings of political violence in relation to their broader aspirations, beliefs and world views. It is asserted that any investigation of the relation between hostels and political violence requires this attempt to map a 'view from below' which goes deeper than official statistics and media accounts. / AC2017

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES). Johannesburg, October 2017. / Climate and weather-related impacts have become widespread particularly affecting the tourism industry. Changes in the climate and weather lead to changes in tourist seasons, products and travel opportunities. Flooding has gained research attention over the past decade, since the destruction creates many challenges for tourism businesses. Floods are a growing global problem, increasing in terms of frequency of occurrence, property damages, business economic losses, and fatalities. South Africa has begun to experience many annual flood events both coastal and in-land, but the Limpopo Province has been declared as flood disaster area, since the increase in temperatures and precipitation. Interest now lies on how particular tourist destinations in the Limpopo Province can adapt to reduce flooding risks whilst increasing opportunities mainly for the economy. Debates around flooding costs, recovery processes, and adaptive capacities affirm to be more challenging for the tourism accommodation sector. The study aimed to explore the perceived flooding impacts on different types of tourist accommodation. Thus, to determine if floods hindered any tourist bookings, offerings, and tourist length of stay. The exploration verified the possible flood risks to vulnerable accommodation and no adequate adaptation plans. A purposeful sample of 145 tourist accommodation businesses located across three flood-prone regions of the Limpopo Province were selected to answer a semi-structured questionnaire to put across their flooding experiences from a management perspective. The semi-structured questionnaire was combined with telephone interviews and email responses. Coherent theme development within the theoretical framework was achieved through content analysis. Content analysis allowed for the critical discussion of deductive and inductive themes found in the results. Floods during peak-seasons threaten and affect tourist accommodation, leaving them behind in business. Those not affected benefit with increased tourist demand and new opportunities in the hospitality industry. Tourist accommodation businesses are exposed to flood risks and experience challenges to assess, recover and adapt from the direct and indirect impacts. Alongside the destruction of tourism in these regions, were concerns of the provision of flood mapping and flood management plans for tourism businesses. Wider flooding impacts on the environment and the surrounding local communities demonstrates a growing problem for the future. Key words: floods; tourist accommodation; flooding impacts; risks; opportunities; tourist demand; adaptation; flood recovery, flood mapping, flood management plans. / LG2018

Este trabalho tem como foco a análise da função da oralidade e do registro coloquial em treze contos do ciclo El Laberinto mágico, do escritor espanhol Max Aub, que se ocupam da vida nos campos de concentração franceses criados ao final da Guerra Civil Espanhola para internar a massa de vencidos que então cruzou os Pirineus. O corpus é composto pelos seguintes textos: Vernet, 1940, Una historia cualquiera, Historia de Vidal, Los creyentes, Un traidor, Manuel el de la Font, El limpiabotas del Padre Eterno, Yo no invento nada, Ruptura, El cementerio de Djelfa, Manuscrito cuervo: historia de Jacobo, Playa en invierno e Ese olor. A análise pauta-se no exame dos seguintes elementos: léxico, sintaxe, formas de tratamento, registros de fala, presença de frases feitas, uso de provérbios e nível sociocultural e lingüístico do narrador e dos personagens. / This paper focuses on the analysis of the function of orality and the colloquial register observed in thirteen short stories written by the Spanish writer Max Aub, in the cycle El Laberinto mágico. These short stories are about life in the concentration camps the French created in France at the end of the Spanish Civil War in order to hold the defeated and broken men and women that crossed the Pyrenees and then became inmates of such camps. The corpus encompasses the following stories: Vernet, 1940, Una historia cualquiera, Historia de Vidal, Los creyentes, Un traidor, Manuel el de la Font, El limpiabotas del Padre Eterno, Yo no invento nada, Ruptura, El cementerio de Djelfa, Manuscrito cuervo: historia de Jacobo, Playa en invierno and Ese olor. The analysis is based on the study of the following elements: lexicon, syntax, forms of address, records of spoken language, occurrence of idioms, use of proverbs, as well as the socio-cultural and linguistic level of the narrator and the characters.

A new generation, Millennial Generation, is currently staffing summer camp programs. Camp directors need to be aware of the differences in learning styles this generation prefers. The Millennial generation is the first to grow up with the instant accessibility of the Internet. This project was created based on suggestions from Camp Directors and ideas that have been developed from the study of this generation. A pre-camp video game training script has been created and tailored to the Millennial camp staff in order to encourage Millennials to learn and use the information needed to take proper care of campers.

The continued increase in homelessness in Portland, Oregon is in part a result of the systemic restructuring of the welfare state as well as a shift in local governance purviews. Primarily this has eradicated the affordable housing stock in the city which is compounded by the limited availability of emergency shelter spaces. These and other financial constraints have left a depleted service support system to cover a rising homelessness problem. In response to this, contemporary social movements have been focusing attention on economically marginalized groups such as the homeless, calling for rights to access resources in cities such as housing. This approach critiques the neoliberal policies that have bolstered entrepreneurial approaches to urban growth. Neoliberal policies result in a failure to maintain financial support for the well-being of the homeless and connected support services. This research examines one alternative to the traditional approach to sheltering the homeless. It focuses on a self-organized homeless tent city in downtown Portland, Right 2 Dream Too, which has become a critical resource in homeless emergency service provisioning. The rest site's success as an emergency service is primarily predicated on its geographic proximity to a nexus of social services in the Old Town neighborhood. Drawing on ethnographic work and archival data, I analyze the multiple spatialities of this self-managed site to better understand homeless individuals' experience with this place and other related spaces, as a means to understand its value as an emergency service for the homeless in Portland, and other cities with similar constraints. I argue this perspective is essential for mitigating homelessness in Portland and informing the decision-making surrounding its relocation.

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2007 / Apartheid land policy and its constitution as a whole conceptualized and structured South African in a way that encouraged inequalities in terms of land ownership, job opportunities and access to education and recreational facilities. The privileged few (whites and a few black elites and whosoever summarized with the former apartheid regime) got richer and richer while the less privileged people, (in this case, the majority of the black people of South Africa) got poor. They were even denied reasonable access to land and quality education. This investigative study examines the state in which they lived and how they are still living in Squatter Camp as an attempt to make qualitatively justifiable recommendations. Informal settlement is as old as the origin of urban settlement, which existed through industrialization process worldwide. A need for peace, jobs, security, housing and land ownership resulted in the establishment of informal settlement near big towns and mines. The most disadvantaged people, those characterized by poverty due to unemployment, lack of land ownership due to one reason or another move to informally settle nearer to areas in which there are possibilities for employment opportunities and better standard of living. Specifically, this study examines the deficiencies associated with the existing informal settlement through its assessment and evaluation. In this regard all aspects of assessment techniques of the way in which inhabitants of Disteneng informal settlement live i.e. interviewing processes (both structured and informal), observation through site visit, checking of documented information with regard to informal settlement etc have been used. The gaps that exist between urban life and the living conditions of people from squatter camp have been investigated and reflected. Vii The focus of the argument in this study is that the less job opportunities and access to land that people have, the more they live in squalid conditions and move to towns in search of work. This means that the problems they face have to be addressed positively and effectively by the relevant departments of South African Government. Alternative well-serviced living conditions have to be developed and provided to these people (people living in Disteneng squatter camp). Timeously, the department of housing should take statistics of the number of people who are without houses and employment as well as those who are illiterate, so as to develop better responsive policies for addressing these problems before they are out of control. As a mean of addressing these problems the life in Disteneng squatter camp has been investigated. The results from the data analysis, including the views of the inhabitants of Disteneng squatter camp have been reflected and recommendations were spelt out in the last chapter of this study.

Bibliography: leaves 336-351 / viii, 352, [25] leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 1994

Zugl.: Regensburg, Univ., Diss. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-164).

During the New Deal, the Farm Security Administration (FSA) developed what is arguably one of the most provocative and far-reaching programs for farm workers undertaken by the U.S. federal government to date. Through the Migratory Labor Camp Program the FSA promised to efficiently funnel workers to fulfill the agricultural industry’s labor demands while providing migrants modern, up-to-date housing and services to alleviate the well-documented substandard conditions many faced. Most scholars have analyzed the camps primarily as sites of labor, capital, and state regulation. Rather than view the camp program as simply a government effort to more efficiently coordinate the nation’s farm labor market, this study argues that the services, programs, and activities FSA officials administered in the camps sought to regulate and transform significant and often intimate social and cultural aspects of migrants’ daily lives. By examining the role of the camps’ architecture, medical clinics, nurseries and elementary schools, as well as the “self-governing” camp committees and councils, this dissertation engages in a gendered analysis of labor to reveal how the federal camps were unique dual-purpose domestic and labor spaces. Analyzing the camps as simultaneous productive and reproductive sites allows us to see them as part of a contested terrain in which complex issues of identity, community, citizenship, and labor were negotiated on a daily basis, affecting U.S. farm labor and race relations well beyond the perimeters of the federal camps. / text