Diploma thesis is focused on a design of the road bridge in Roztoky municipality. The bridge spans Berounka river. The design is processed in three options and the selected option was developed in greater detail. The layout of bridge is designed as a girder box with haunch. The bridge will be built by a cantilever erection method. Structural analysis of the bridge regards the influences of construction by TDA method. The structure is assessed for temporary and permanent states. The assessment of the structure was made according to EC.

I samband med EU-direktivs mål att reducera energikonsumtionen med 20 % fram till år 2020 har kraven i Boverkets byggregler skärpts för energianvändningen i Sverige. Dessa krav håller den totala energiförbrukningen i sektorn bostäder och service på jämn nivå trots att det sker en ständig ökning av antalet bostäder.   Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det finns möjlighet till att minimera energiförluster i infästningen mellan inspända balkonger och bjälklaget. Detta utfördes för att ge samtliga aktörer inom byggbranschen en uppfattning om hur stor inverkan en optimering av de oftast försummade detaljerna i ett projekt har.   Glasfiberförstärkta polymerplaster (GFRP) isolerar ca 120 gånger bättre än konstruktionsstål och klarar samtidigt av att ta upp dragkrafter i en betongkonstruktion om de formas som armeringsstänger. Från ett urval har flera GFRP produkter granskats där ComBAR har valts att studeras och kontrolleras som en ersättningsprodukt för stålarmering i balkonginfästningar. ComBAR uppfyller samtliga konstruktionskrav för att fungera som armering i betong och har egenskaper som är att föredra framför stål vilket även gör den användbar i flera andra konstruktionsdelar i en byggnad eller anläggning.   Utförandet av beräkningar och analyser är indelat i tre delar som är analys av byggstatik för att bestämma den erforderlig armering i balkonginfästningen, simulering av energiflöde mellan balkongen och bjälklaget samt ekonomisk kalkyl för att uppskatta avkastningstiden. I den ekonomiska kalkylen knyts resultaten ihop från analysen av byggstatik och beräkning av energiflödet för att sedan kunna avgöra om en investering är lönsam.   Ur resultaten från analysen av byggstatik som består av handberäkningar och simuleringar i beräkningsprogrammen Concrete Beam och FEM-Design kan vi dra slutsatsen att det behövs en armeringsstång mindre av ComBAR än stål för att bära upp balkongen i studien. Ur statisk synpunkt är det lämpligt att använda glasfiberbaserade armeringsstänger i balkonginfästningen. Energiflödesberäkningarna har utförts i programmet Comsol för att erhålla ett noggrant resultat på energiflödet igenom infästningen. Återbetalningstiden på över 100 år för det pris som ComBAR ligger på i dagsläget anses inte vara rimligt och det behövs en halvering av priset innan det kan komma på tal att användas.

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Abstract  Objective:The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the influence of a cantilever on marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants supporting 3-unit partial fixed prostheses.  Materials and methods:Retrospective data were collected from dental records of patients at a specialist clinic in Malmö, Sweden, covering the period from 1980 to 2018. Only implants not lost and with baseline radiographs taken within 12 months after implant placement and with a minimum of 36 months of radiological follow-up were considered for the analysis of MBL. Univariate linear regression models and a final linear mixed-effects model were used to analyze the results.  Results:139 patients (64 men and 75 women) were included in our study, with 161 implant- supported FDPs undergoing radiological follow-up over at least 36 months. These patients had 428 implants (95 and 333 implants supporting prostheses with and without cantilever, respectively). Total number of double measurements for marginal bone level was 2,909, including 2,238 without cantilever and 671 with cantilever. There was a significant relationship between MBL over time the presence of cantilever, patient’s sex, implant surface, bone quality of the implant site, and bruxism.  Conclusion: MBL around dental implants supporting 3-unit partial fixed prostheses over time was significantly influenced by cantilever.  Keywords: Implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis, cantilever, marginal bone loss / Sammanfattning  Syfte: Syftet med den föreliggande retrospektiva studien var att undersöka inverkan av en kantilverburen protetisk arm på marginal benförlust runt tandimplantat som stödjer korta partiella fasta proteser. Material och metod:Det fanns 139 patienter med i vår studiegrupp (64 män och 75 kvinnor) med 161 implantatstödda FDPs som hade en röntgenologisk uppföljning under minst 36 månader. Den beskrivande datan om fallen baserades på data som samlats in från patienternas journaler gällande ålder och andra faktorer som analyserades. Studien baseras på data som samlats in från patienternas journaler mellan 1980 och 2018 på en specialistklinik i Malmö, Sverige där röntgenbilder har analyserats för att mäta benförlust runt implantat. Statistiska analyser har utförts för att utvärdera resultaten i förhållande till kantilever samt olika patientfaktorer. Resultat:Den totala mängden dubbelmättningar för marginala bennivån var 2909 st, där 2238 st var utan kantilever och 671 var med kantilever. Genom vårt resultat kunde man se ett signifikant samband mellan förlust av marginalt ben (MBL) och flera faktorer, såsom kantileverburen arm, kön, implantatyta, benkvalitet och bruxism. Slutsats: MBL runt 3-unit implantat-

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Severe earthquakes cause damage to buildings. One measure of damage is the residual drift. Large residual drifts suggest expensive repairs and could lead to complete loss of the building. As such, research has been conducted on how to reduce the residual drift. Recent research has focused on self-centering frames and dual systems, both of which increase the post-yield stiffness of the building during and after an earthquake. Self-centering systems have yet to be adopted into standard practice but dual systems are used regularly. Dual systems in steel buildings typically combine two types of traditional lateral force resisting systems such as bucking restrained braced frames (BRBFs) and moment resisting frames (MRFs). However, the cost of making the moment connections for the MRFs can make dual systems costly. An alternative to MRFs is to use gravity columns as the secondary system in a dual system. The gravity columns can be used to help resist the lateral loads and limit the residual drifts if the lateral stiffness of the gravity columns can be activated. By restraining the displacement of the gravity columns, the stiffness of the columns adds to the stiffness of the brace frame, thus engaging the lateral stiffness of the gravity columns. Three methods of engaging the stiffness of the gravity columns are investigated in this thesis; one, fixed ground connections, two, a heavy elastic brace in the top story, and three, a heavy elastic brace in the middle bay. Single and multiple degree of freedom models were analyzed to determine if gravity columns can be effective in reducing residual drift. In the single degree of freedom system (SDOF) models, the brace size was varied to get a range of periods. The column size was varied based on a predetermined range of post-yield stiffness to determine if the residual drift decreased with higher post-yield stiffness. Three and five story models were analyzed with a variety of brace and column sizes and with three different configurations to activate the gravity columns. Using gravity columns as part of a dual system decreases the residual drift in buildings. The results from the SDOF system show that the residual drift decreased with increased post-yield stiffness. The three and five story models showed similar results with less residual drift when larger columns were used. Further, the models with a heavy gravity column in the top story had the best results.

This thesis explored the possibilities of incorporating automation and optimization inthe design process of cantilever retaining walls. The programming language Pythonhas been used to develop a program that given certain inputs performs the necessarydesign verifications according to Eurocodes and Swedish standards. The GeneticAlgorithm (GA) was chosen as optimization algorithm, where the objectives of theoptimization were defined as minimization of investment cost (IC) and environmentalimpact (EI).Optimized solutions from the program were compared with a previously designedretaining wall in a case study. Savings ranging between 15% and 30% could beobtained depending on the restrictions that were imposed on the optimization. Resultsalso indicate that the optimization algorithm tends to output retaining walls withhigher reinforcement content when optimizing for EI, leading to thinner structuralmembers in comparison to optimizations with respect to IC. A parametric analysis wasfurthermore performed to study the influence of varying heights and concrete classeson the optimized solutions.

The design and implementation of a micro-force displacement system was completed to test the force-displacement characteristics of square silicon diaphragms with side lengths of 4mm, 5mm, and 7mm with a thickness of 10um. The system utilizes a World Precision Instruments Fort 10g force transducer attached to a World Precession Instruments TBM4M amplifier. A Keithley 2400 source meter provided data acquisition of the force component of the system. A micro prober tip was utilized as the testing probe attached to the force transducer with a tip radius of 5um. The displacement of samples was measured using a Newport M433 linear stage driven by a Newport ESP300 motion controller (force readings at constant displacement intervals). An additional 3 linear stages were used to provide X and Y-axis positioning of samples beneath the probe tip. The system components were mounted to an optical bench to provide stability during testing. C# was used to deliver the code to the individual components of the system. In addition the software provides a graphic user interface for future users that includes a calibration utility (both X/Y and force calibration), live force-displacement graph, motion control, and a live video feed for sample alignment. Calibration of the force transducer was accomplished using an Adam Equipment PGW153e precision balance to assign force values to the voltage data produced from the transducer. Displacement calibration involved the use of a microscope calibration micrometer. The system was characterized with an equipment variability of ±1.02mg at 1.75um, and ±1.86mg at 3.5um with the ability to characterize samples with stiffness less than 279 mg/um. The displacement resolution of the system was determined to be 35 nm per step of the linear stages. The diaphragms created to test the machine were fabricated from 10um thick device layer SOI wafers. An etch consisting of 38g/l silicic acid, 7g/l ammonium persulfate, and 5% TMAH was used to reduce the formation of hillocks, and provide a consistent etch rate. A Gage R&R study was performed on the fabricated diaphragms, indicating that the deflection produced by the 4mm, 5mm, and 7mm diaphragms was resolvable by the machine. A model was developed to correlate theoretical results to the observed measured values.

Dissertation im Rahmen einer Publikationspromotion zum Thema: Are implants more reliable than severely compromised endodontically treated teeth as abutments for zirconia-based FPDs?:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Ableitung der Rationalen und Einführung in die Thematik 1.1. Ableitung der Rationalen 1.2. Erfolgsprognosen von endodontisch behandelten Zähnen 1.3. Ferrule und dentale Stifte 1.4. Implantate im Frontzahnbereich 1.5. Vergleich endodontisch behandelter Zahn und Implantat 1.6. Anteriore Versorgungen mit festsitzendem Zahnersatz 1.7. Wissenschaftliche Aktualität der Studie 2. Publikation 3. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 4. Literaturverzeichnis 5. Darstellung und Spezifikation des eigenen wissenschaftlichen Beitrages zur Publikation 6. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 7. Anlagen 7.1. Abkürzungsverzeichnis

Целью работы является повышение конкурентоспособности и расширение номенклатуры продукции предприятия полного металлургического цикла за счёт совершенствования третьего передела. Были разработаны основные методики и сформулированы требования для внедряемых мероприятих по установке гидросбива окалины, автоматизации синхронизации клетей, системы измерения геометрии прокатываемого профиля, устройства ускоренного охлаждения проката и внедрение новых марок сталей. / The aim of the work is to increase the competitiveness and expand the product range of the enterprise of the full metallurgical cycle by improving the third processing. The main methods were developed and requirements were formulated for the implemented measures for the installation of a hydraulic scale breaker, automation of the synchronization of stands, a system for measuring the geometry of the rolled profile, devices for accelerated cooling of rolled products and the introduction of new steel grades.