Today flexibility is an important part of organizational work. This study investigated the relationship between level of flexibility in scheduling and conflict level in caregiving teams, while controlling for team cohesion, team trust, age, team size and how long they have been in the team. The study was conducted in two small towns in the southeast of Sweden in elderly care and handicap care organizations. The ages of participants varied from 16 to 65 years. Out of 109 participants who filled out questionnaires 61 worked with an adapted (flexible) schedule and 48 with the ordinary schedule. Results showed no significant difference between the scheduling types and the conflict level, even after controlling for the named variables. Overall, it was found that team trust and team cohesion were more important for conflict level than scheduling type. / Today flexibility is an important part of organizational work. This study investigated the relationship between level of flexibility in scheduling and conflict level in caregiving teams, while controlling for team cohesion, team trust, age, team size and how long they have been in the team. The study was conducted in two small towns in the southeast of Sweden in elderly care and handicap care organizations. The ages of participants varied from 16 to 65 years. Out of 109 participants who filled out questionnaires 61 worked with an adapted (flexible) schedule and 48 with the ordinary schedule. Results showed no significant difference between the scheduling types and the conflict level, even after controlling for the named variables. Overall, it was found that team trust and team cohesion were more important for conflict level than scheduling type.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Substance abuse has become a serious global problem affecting individuals, families and communities. The effects of substance abuse devastate both the user and their families. This study aimed to describe the adverse effects that substance abuse has on the levels of care giving and well-being of families. The study explored family members perceptions of the ways in which an adolescent’s substance abuse affects family care giving and well-being. The study was conducted within a qualitative approach in order to gather an in depth understanding of the family’s experiences. Furthermore, the study was aligned with Family Systems and Bowens Family Theories, which served as reference points to allow the researcher to discern how substance abuse influences family roles, dynamics and functioning. The researcher used the case study design which focused on an issue of concern (such as adolescent substance abuse) and thus selected one case to elucidate the issue i.e. a single case study. The case would be the family members of substance abusing adolescents in Mitchells Plain. The population of interest were the parents and siblings of adolescents who abused substances. Purposive sampling was used to select families with participants who had the specific qualities and experiences needed for the study. The study sample consisted of 12 participants, seven parents (mothers) and five siblings. The participants were female which corresponds with literature, as females are perceived as more willing to share and speak about their experiences. Individual semi-structured interviews were used for data collection through the use of interview schedules. Data verification methods ensured credibility (member checking), transferability (using thick, rich descriptions), dependability (an inquiry audit), and confirmability (using researcher reflexivity). The data was analysed in the form of qualitative thematic analysis achieving data reduction by seeking themes, sub-themes and categories of data. Four themes emerged from the findings, namely, (1) parents/sibling reactions to discovering the substance abuse, (2) the effects of substance abuse on the parents/siblings living with a substance abuser, (3) effects on family communication, and (4) measures used to assist the substance abuser. Each theme was further delineated into 12 sub-themes and 23 categories which were based on both predefined and emergent codes. Permission to conduct this study was obtained from the university’s Faculty of Community and Health Sciences Ethics Committee by its Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (HSSREC); and by the Department of Social Development’s Research Ethics Committee. Ethics compliance was assured through confidentiality and privacy, securing and handling of confidential information, and debriefing opportunities to ensure that emotional harm is minimised together with sensitive interviewing techniques.

People with disability have been an underprivileged group in our society for long. As the problems that face them are multi-dimensional, the health care provided to them seems burden-heavy. The development of civil rights has raised the advocacy for deinstitutionalized welfare for people with disability. However, it needs to note that the roles of family major caregivers can not be omitted when discussing deinstitutionalization or the health care to people with disability. The government should look squarely at this issue in its public policies and address the family-based or female health care work. People with intellectual disability seldom get married. As a result, the female relatives or mothers play a pivotal role in providing care work. The experiences of mothers therefore will enormously assist in investigating the process of care-giving. Mothers were the main participants for the purpose of this research. Nine mothers and one father within Kaohsiung metropolitan area who perform health care to their children with disability were recruited. This study used in-depth interview in attempt to apply labeling theory to portray the stigma and unfair treatment they encountered in the society. Its particular conclusions were as follows: 1.This study consistent with some previous quantitative studies supported the finding that the problems that mothers face include metal disorders¡Bemotional depressions¡Beconomical difficulties and educational difficulties. 2.In tradition, care work is always viewed for granted as a responsibility to mothers. When health care work is needed, the responsibility undoubtedly will be distributed to them, but the decision making process does not always concern their willingness. 3.Because of the overlap between care work and paid work, mothers only seek those jobs that are un-technical, flexible and low waged. It is apparent that they still are trapped in so-called female poverty. 4.The discrimination and labeling against people with disability still exist in our society. The findings revealed that mothers take both positive and negative strategies to cope with this. The positive strategy is to strengthen their own self-confidence which is always from their participations in the society. Ignorance and avoidance however were reported as negative strategies. 5.Four mother types were constructed as a result of the enlightenment of labeling theory in the study and they are self-blamed¡Britualism¡Bself-salvation and utilitarianism from which four different types of care processes and coping strategies are developed respectively.

This study examines the hours of care giving provided to senior citizens in Canada using the 2007 General Social Survey. Using Heckman’s 2 Stage Correction to correct for sample selection bias, we find that care givers spend the most time caring for their spouses. However, women spend fewer hours caring for their spouses than men. This could be because women have a longer life expectancy than men, and therefore fewer women than men are actually providing care to a spouse. However, women spend more time caring for their parents than men do. Also, caregivers spend positive hours caring for a sibling of the same gender, but fewer hours caring for a sibling of the opposite gender than they do caring for non-immediate family members.

Este é um estudo situado dentro da abordagem qualitativa, que teve como intuito partir para uma ?viagem? nos territórios da gestão e do cuidado. Questionamentos circundaram o momento de escrita acerca da formação e do trabalho do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar, tendo como pano de fundo os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Questiona-se: no contexto hospitalar, o atos cuidadores do enfermeiro estão centrados nas demandas dos usuários, como um elemento articulador de saberes e práticas, tendo em vista as propostas de integralidade e humanização? O objetivo delineado foi cartografar os atos cuidadores do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar, analisando as linhas postas em ação e as superfícies predominantes, com suas potências e resistências, para a produção da vida. Buscou-se tônus teórico às inquietações postas, com a construção um mapa conceitual que abordasse o cuidado, a gestão do cuidado e as implicações do hospital com a temática, sendo possível, lançar mão de uma trama conceitual, com destaque aqui para alguns conceitos pertencentes à esquizoanálise, à saúde coletiva e outros referentes a área da enfermagem. No segundo momento da construção do mapa, realizou-se a desnaturalização das práticas de cuidado, fazendo uso da Genealogia Foucaultiana, culminando com a criação de quatro configurações das práticas de cuidado, objetivando desbloquear o tempo histórico para que, através de uma problematização de objetos tidos, como evidentes, se pudesse ressignificar o presente. As estratégias de produção do conhecimento constituíram-se de dois momentos: a utilização da Genealogia Foucaultiana, que possibilitou parte da construção do mapa conceitual. No segundo momento, realizou-se uma cartografia dos atos cuidadores do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar. Selecionou-se uma unidade de internação de um hospital filantrópico, que presta atendimento a usuários do SUS. Efetuaram 62 horas de observações focadas no trabalho dos enfermeiros nos turnos da manhã e da tarde, que foram registradas em um Diário de Bordo. Fragmentos do Diário foram postos ao lado de escritos teóricos, poemas, lembranças, dialogando com o mapa conceitual, fazendo-se uma espécie de bricolagem. No território das práticas, visualizou-se a formação de dois micro-territórios: Máquina Paranóia e Máquina Desejo. A Maquina Paranóia caracterizou-se por modos instituídos, capturados pelo tempo, pelas regras, rotinas com tendências castradoras e antiprodutivas, pelo trabalho fragmentado, que fragmenta o paciente e pela paranóia do não-saber-poder. Os atos cuidadores dos enfermeiros revelaram a produção de cuidado, cortada por linhas de segmentaridade dura e circulares, configurando-se, muitas vezes, em um descuidado, esfriando os corpos cuidados, transformando os pacientes em uma ?carga?, não possibilitando a construção de sua autonomia. Detectou-se que a gestão estava focada no procedimento, não sendo o usuário um marcador do cuidado. A Maquina Desejo revelou potências nos atos cuidadores, permeada pela escuta/acolhimento e pelas tentativas de transversalizar a equipe de saúde, sendo a gestão uma estratégia para a produção do cuidado, cortado por linhas de fuga. Condiserou-se a necessidade de os enfermeiros e docentes (re)pensarem conceitos, buscando um diálogo mais efetivo com as práticas cotidianas hospitalares, em prol do fortalecimento do SUS. Dessa forma, uma das estratégias visualizadas é a possibilidade de criação de espaços coletivos de análise e reflexões acerca do processo de trabalho em saúde e do modelo de gestão hospitalar. O ensino, por sua vez, necessita ser refletido, no que se refere a utilização de conceitos/ferramentas que produzam impacto no trabalho cotidiano do enfermeiro ante as demandas dos usuários, no aspecto individual e coletivo, da equipe de saúde e do próprio serviço de saúde, libertando-se da amarras que reforçam a hegemonia e a subserviência. / management. Questions about the nurse\'s learning and duty in the context of health care were also included, having as scenary the principles of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ? the Brazilian public health care service. It was inquired if the nurse\'s care giving practices were centered in the patients\' needs, if they were acting as articulators of both knowledge and practice, having in sight the integrality and humanization proposals. The design objective was: to cartografh the nurse\'s care giving practices, in the hospital context, analizing the lines put into practice and the prevailing surfaces, with their power and resistence to produce life. Theoretical sustenance to inquietude was searched, drawing a conceptual map, broaching care menagement as well as the hospital implications towards the theme, keeping hand in a conceptual plot ? esquizoanalysis concepts and collective health mainly. At the second moment of drawing the map, denaturalization of care giving was carried out by using the Foucaultian Genealogy, creating four care-giving-practice configurations, aiming to unblock historical time for the redefinition of present time through what was considered evidence. The strategies for knowledge production were obtained in two parts: first, the utilization of the Foucaultian Genealogy to construct part of the conceptual map; second, a cartography of the nurse\'s every day chores, in the hospital context, was outlined. A 62-hour observation was performed in a clinical surgical hospitalization unit which served beneficiaries of the SUS. The nurse\'s work process, observed during the morning and afternoon shifts, was recorded in a Log Book. Fragments of the Log Book were placed next to theoretical texts, poems, memories, turning into a dialogue between these writings and the conceptual map. A type of craftsmanship work was done. In the practice territory, two micro territories were uncovered: that of Paranoia Machine and that of Desire Machine. The Paranoia Machine is characterized by instituted methods that had been captured by time, rules, routines with castrating and antiproductive tendencies, by fragmented work, and by the non-knowledge-power paranoia. The nurse\'s care giving practices revealed a care production marked by hard and circular segmentarity lines, configured many times into careless acts, cooling the cared bodies, turning the patients into a ?burden?, not giving them chance, this way, to construct their autonomy. It was detected that the care management was focused on the procedure itself, with the beneficiary being not a care giving marker. The Desire Machine revealed a power for the care giving practices, permeated with listening and hospitality, managing as a strategy for care production traversed by escape lines. The nurse\'s needs were considered; lecturers rethought concepts, searching for a more effective dialogue with the hospital practices for the strenghtening of the SUS. One of the visualized strategies was the possibility of creating collective spaces for the analysis of the work process on health care, and of the hospital managing pattern. The teaching must rethink of the utilization of tool/concepts that are able to produce an impact on the nurse\'s work in face of the beneficiary\'s individual and/or collective needs, of the health staff, and of the health care service itself, becoming released from the bondaries that reinforce hegemony and subservience.

Este é um estudo situado dentro da abordagem qualitativa, que teve como intuito partir para uma ?viagem? nos territórios da gestão e do cuidado. Questionamentos circundaram o momento de escrita acerca da formação e do trabalho do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar, tendo como pano de fundo os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Questiona-se: no contexto hospitalar, o atos cuidadores do enfermeiro estão centrados nas demandas dos usuários, como um elemento articulador de saberes e práticas, tendo em vista as propostas de integralidade e humanização? O objetivo delineado foi cartografar os atos cuidadores do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar, analisando as linhas postas em ação e as superfícies predominantes, com suas potências e resistências, para a produção da vida. Buscou-se tônus teórico às inquietações postas, com a construção um mapa conceitual que abordasse o cuidado, a gestão do cuidado e as implicações do hospital com a temática, sendo possível, lançar mão de uma trama conceitual, com destaque aqui para alguns conceitos pertencentes à esquizoanálise, à saúde coletiva e outros referentes a área da enfermagem. No segundo momento da construção do mapa, realizou-se a desnaturalização das práticas de cuidado, fazendo uso da Genealogia Foucaultiana, culminando com a criação de quatro configurações das práticas de cuidado, objetivando desbloquear o tempo histórico para que, através de uma problematização de objetos tidos, como evidentes, se pudesse ressignificar o presente. As estratégias de produção do conhecimento constituíram-se de dois momentos: a utilização da Genealogia Foucaultiana, que possibilitou parte da construção do mapa conceitual. No segundo momento, realizou-se uma cartografia dos atos cuidadores do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar. Selecionou-se uma unidade de internação de um hospital filantrópico, que presta atendimento a usuários do SUS. Efetuaram 62 horas de observações focadas no trabalho dos enfermeiros nos turnos da manhã e da tarde, que foram registradas em um Diário de Bordo. Fragmentos do Diário foram postos ao lado de escritos teóricos, poemas, lembranças, dialogando com o mapa conceitual, fazendo-se uma espécie de bricolagem. No território das práticas, visualizou-se a formação de dois micro-territórios: Máquina Paranóia e Máquina Desejo. A Maquina Paranóia caracterizou-se por modos instituídos, capturados pelo tempo, pelas regras, rotinas com tendências castradoras e antiprodutivas, pelo trabalho fragmentado, que fragmenta o paciente e pela paranóia do não-saber-poder. Os atos cuidadores dos enfermeiros revelaram a produção de cuidado, cortada por linhas de segmentaridade dura e circulares, configurando-se, muitas vezes, em um descuidado, esfriando os corpos cuidados, transformando os pacientes em uma ?carga?, não possibilitando a construção de sua autonomia. Detectou-se que a gestão estava focada no procedimento, não sendo o usuário um marcador do cuidado. A Maquina Desejo revelou potências nos atos cuidadores, permeada pela escuta/acolhimento e pelas tentativas de transversalizar a equipe de saúde, sendo a gestão uma estratégia para a produção do cuidado, cortado por linhas de fuga. Condiserou-se a necessidade de os enfermeiros e docentes (re)pensarem conceitos, buscando um diálogo mais efetivo com as práticas cotidianas hospitalares, em prol do fortalecimento do SUS. Dessa forma, uma das estratégias visualizadas é a possibilidade de criação de espaços coletivos de análise e reflexões acerca do processo de trabalho em saúde e do modelo de gestão hospitalar. O ensino, por sua vez, necessita ser refletido, no que se refere a utilização de conceitos/ferramentas que produzam impacto no trabalho cotidiano do enfermeiro ante as demandas dos usuários, no aspecto individual e coletivo, da equipe de saúde e do próprio serviço de saúde, libertando-se da amarras que reforçam a hegemonia e a subserviência. / management. Questions about the nurse\'s learning and duty in the context of health care were also included, having as scenary the principles of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ? the Brazilian public health care service. It was inquired if the nurse\'s care giving practices were centered in the patients\' needs, if they were acting as articulators of both knowledge and practice, having in sight the integrality and humanization proposals. The design objective was: to cartografh the nurse\'s care giving practices, in the hospital context, analizing the lines put into practice and the prevailing surfaces, with their power and resistence to produce life. Theoretical sustenance to inquietude was searched, drawing a conceptual map, broaching care menagement as well as the hospital implications towards the theme, keeping hand in a conceptual plot ? esquizoanalysis concepts and collective health mainly. At the second moment of drawing the map, denaturalization of care giving was carried out by using the Foucaultian Genealogy, creating four care-giving-practice configurations, aiming to unblock historical time for the redefinition of present time through what was considered evidence. The strategies for knowledge production were obtained in two parts: first, the utilization of the Foucaultian Genealogy to construct part of the conceptual map; second, a cartography of the nurse\'s every day chores, in the hospital context, was outlined. A 62-hour observation was performed in a clinical surgical hospitalization unit which served beneficiaries of the SUS. The nurse\'s work process, observed during the morning and afternoon shifts, was recorded in a Log Book. Fragments of the Log Book were placed next to theoretical texts, poems, memories, turning into a dialogue between these writings and the conceptual map. A type of craftsmanship work was done. In the practice territory, two micro territories were uncovered: that of Paranoia Machine and that of Desire Machine. The Paranoia Machine is characterized by instituted methods that had been captured by time, rules, routines with castrating and antiproductive tendencies, by fragmented work, and by the non-knowledge-power paranoia. The nurse\'s care giving practices revealed a care production marked by hard and circular segmentarity lines, configured many times into careless acts, cooling the cared bodies, turning the patients into a ?burden?, not giving them chance, this way, to construct their autonomy. It was detected that the care management was focused on the procedure itself, with the beneficiary being not a care giving marker. The Desire Machine revealed a power for the care giving practices, permeated with listening and hospitality, managing as a strategy for care production traversed by escape lines. The nurse\'s needs were considered; lecturers rethought concepts, searching for a more effective dialogue with the hospital practices for the strenghtening of the SUS. One of the visualized strategies was the possibility of creating collective spaces for the analysis of the work process on health care, and of the hospital managing pattern. The teaching must rethink of the utilization of tool/concepts that are able to produce an impact on the nurse\'s work in face of the beneficiary\'s individual and/or collective needs, of the health staff, and of the health care service itself, becoming released from the bondaries that reinforce hegemony and subservience.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left"><font face="Arial">The study analyses the relationship between experience, participation and learning and seeks to establish how the experience of adult learners can be mobilised through active participation and how situational conditions can either facilitate or inhibit participation and learning amongst the learners. Another dimension of the study seeks to establish what caregivers learn and the processes through which they learn and how such learning contributes to changes in behaviour and relationships. In this study, the nature and dynamics of learning amongst adult learners in the NCTP programme at community level is explored as an example of socio-cultural theory and situated learning which hold that learning results from participation in various socio-cultural situations &ndash / the act of participation is seen as crucial in the learning. The study focused on a group of 10 learners in the National Certificate Training Programme for community health workers who are also caregivers in the Nokuthembeka Home-based Care Programme in New Crossroads in the Cape Town metropole and used a qualitative research design and interpretive approach to understand the situations in which they learn. An interpretive approach allowed for deeper insight into the socio-cultural contexts that influence the social interactions of caregivers with peers as well as their learning. In the study I argue that the experience of caregivers forms a critical resource and the foundational basis for learning.</font></p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left"><font face="Arial">The study analyses the relationship between experience, participation and learning and seeks to establish how the experience of adult learners can be mobilised through active participation and how situational conditions can either facilitate or inhibit participation and learning amongst the learners. Another dimension of the study seeks to establish what caregivers learn and the processes through which they learn and how such learning contributes to changes in behaviour and relationships. In this study, the nature and dynamics of learning amongst adult learners in the NCTP programme at community level is explored as an example of socio-cultural theory and situated learning which hold that learning results from participation in various socio-cultural situations &ndash / the act of participation is seen as crucial in the learning. The study focused on a group of 10 learners in the National Certificate Training Programme for community health workers who are also caregivers in the Nokuthembeka Home-based Care Programme in New Crossroads in the Cape Town metropole and used a qualitative research design and interpretive approach to understand the situations in which they learn. An interpretive approach allowed for deeper insight into the socio-cultural contexts that influence the social interactions of caregivers with peers as well as their learning. In the study I argue that the experience of caregivers forms a critical resource and the foundational basis for learning.</font></p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </font></p>

Magister Educationis - MEd / In this research study I investigate the nature and dynamics of learning amongst learners in a National Certificate Training Programme for community health workers who are caregivers in a home-based care prgoramme. The study analyses the relationship between experience, participation and learning and seeks to establish how the experience of adult learners can be mobilised through active participation and how situational conditions can either facilitate or inhibit participation and learning amongst the learners. Another dimension of the study seeks to establish what caregivers learn and the processes through which they learn and how such learning contributes to changes in behaviour and relationships. In this study, the nature and dynamics of learning amongst adult learners in the NCTP programme at community level is explored as an example of socio-cultural theory and situated learning which hold that learning results from participation in various socio-cultural situations – the act of participation is seen as crucial in the learning. The study focused on a group of 10 learners in the National Certificate Training Programme for community health workers who are also caregivers in the Nokuthembeka Home-based Care Programme in New Crossroads in the Cape Town metropole and used a qualitative research design and interpretive approach to understand the situations in which they learn. An interpretive approach allowed for deeper insight into the socio-cultural contexts that influence the social interactions of caregivers with peers as well as their learning. In the study I argue that the experience of caregivers forms a critical resource and the foundational basis for learning. The research study confirmed that the training programme in which caregivers interact and engage with peers and facilitators creates a learning context and that active participation in the situation facilitates learning. The study further confirmed that the informal settings of the home and community are important sites for learning and gaining experience and that situational conditions such as language, personal attributes and culture of learning/teaching can influence participation and learning.

No description available.