Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Hamburg. / Caption of contents: Die holzgewerbe Hamburgs im 13. bis 15. Jahrhundert. "Benutzte archivalien": recto of 3d prelim. leaf; "Benutzte literatur": verso of 3d and recto of 4th prelim. leaf. Lebenslauf.

This study is a continuation of a project to characterise ASTM A437 Grade B4B martensitic stainless steel for use In Hitachi Canadian Industries Ltds (HCI) steam turbine casing bolts. ASTM A437 Grade B4B steel is commercially available and was chosen for the study due to its chemical similarity to a proprietary steel currently used by HCI.<p>High creep resistance is essential for any candidate so creep-rupture and creep-strain tests were performed at and above the intended service temperature of 538°C. Hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the steel in the as-received condition as well as on crept samples to determine the effect of elevated temperature on the development of the steels microstructure.<p>During testing, it was found that ASTM A437 Grade B4B steel has a well defined second stage leading to an abrupt transition into the third stage. The second stage begins in the first 10% of its creep life, while the third stage begins at 90% of its creep life. This equates to 5% and 30% of the final strain, respectively, with an average final strain of 20%.<p>Time-to-Rupture data show good similarity to the creep life as predicted using the Larson-Miller method. When plotted, the steady-state creep rate shows a definite correlation between the creep stress and temperature. From this an empirical relationship was developed to predict the steady-state creep rate.<p> Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed a significant change in the icrostructure between crept and as-received steel. Coarsening of carbides along grain boundaries most likely led to a recovery of the microstructure in the crept samples. Literature suggests that the composition of the carbides is most likely tungsten and molybdenum intermetalics and carbides that coarsened from the depletion of chromium from solution. This was supported by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.<p>The coarsening of carbides correlates with the decrease in creep resistance of the material and it is likely that the growth of precipitates and recovery of the microstructure causes the entry of the steel into third stage creep.

This study is a continuation of a project to characterise ASTM A437 Grade B4B martensitic stainless steel for use In Hitachi Canadian Industries Ltds (HCI) steam turbine casing bolts. ASTM A437 Grade B4B steel is commercially available and was chosen for the study due to its chemical similarity to a proprietary steel currently used by HCI.<p>High creep resistance is essential for any candidate so creep-rupture and creep-strain tests were performed at and above the intended service temperature of 538°C. Hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the steel in the as-received condition as well as on crept samples to determine the effect of elevated temperature on the development of the steels microstructure.<p>During testing, it was found that ASTM A437 Grade B4B steel has a well defined second stage leading to an abrupt transition into the third stage. The second stage begins in the first 10% of its creep life, while the third stage begins at 90% of its creep life. This equates to 5% and 30% of the final strain, respectively, with an average final strain of 20%.<p>Time-to-Rupture data show good similarity to the creep life as predicted using the Larson-Miller method. When plotted, the steady-state creep rate shows a definite correlation between the creep stress and temperature. From this an empirical relationship was developed to predict the steady-state creep rate.<p> Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed a significant change in the icrostructure between crept and as-received steel. Coarsening of carbides along grain boundaries most likely led to a recovery of the microstructure in the crept samples. Literature suggests that the composition of the carbides is most likely tungsten and molybdenum intermetalics and carbides that coarsened from the depletion of chromium from solution. This was supported by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.<p>The coarsening of carbides correlates with the decrease in creep resistance of the material and it is likely that the growth of precipitates and recovery of the microstructure causes the entry of the steel into third stage creep.

Issued also as thesis, Cornell University, in microfilm form. / Bibliography: p. 333-341.

Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur träarbetare verksamma inom bygg- ochanläggningssektorn i stockholmsregionen upplever sin egen kompetens samt vilkafaktorer som kan påverka möjligheten till kompetensutveckling inom arbetet.Dataunderlaget till denna kvalitativa studie har samlats in via semistruktureradeintervjuer med åtta träarbetare. För att analysera materialet har vi främst utgått frånPer-Erik Ellströms teori kring arbetsplatslärande. Resultatet visar att träarbetarnasupplevelse av den egna kompetensen formas i det dagliga arbetet, men även när andravisar uppskattning för den. Resultatet visar även på flera faktorer som får betydelseför möjligheten till kompetensutveckling i arbetet såsom; tillräckligt varieradearbetsuppgifter, möjligheten att påverka arbetet samt att få stöd av andra, den egnadrivkraften, god grundkunskap, tillit till den egna förmågan, feedback och tydligainstruktioner. Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att träarbetarna upplever sin kompetens somgod och att den viktigaste faktorn för kompetensutveckling är en balans mellan ettutvecklingsinriktat och anpassningsinriktat lärande. / The purpose of this essay is to study how carpenters in the Stockholm area experiencetheir own competence and what factors could affect their possibility for competencedevelopment that takes place in the workplace. The data for this qualitative study hasbeen collected via semi-structured interviews with eight carpenters. When analyzingthe material, we have mainly used Per-Erik Ellström's theory of workplace learning.The results show that the carpenters' experience of their own skills is shaped in theirdaily work, but also when others show appreciation for it in a work situation. Theresults also show several factors that are important for competence development inthe work, such as: sufficiently varied tasks, the opportunity to influence the workprocess and other aspects of work, support from others, an inner drive, good basicknowledge, confidence in one's own ability, feedback and clear instructions. Thethesis concludes that carpenters perceive their competence as high and that the mostimportant factor for competence development in their daily work is a balance betweendevelopment-oriented and adaptive-oriented learning.

Master of Philosophy / Australian government policy today aims to ‘deregulate’ industrial relations. A fractured system has ensued where uncontrolled market forces disrupt both business and unions. The building industry is particularly affected by uncertainty and industrial barbarism. Precisely one hundred years ago government policy was to create order, becoming directly involved in industrial regulation. This thesis aims to understand how building unions maintained their rates and conditions in the pre-arbitration era when there were no legislative minimums, and it seeks to place their labour relations within a political and ideological context. The thesis criticises historical scholarship surrounding artisan unionism in Britain and Australia, in particular the role of building tradesmen. Positive relations between employers and employed in the industry are often described in pejorative terms with tradesmen labelled ‘aristocrats of labour’ – apolitical, middle class and lacking class-awareness. The thesis argues this view does not adequately describe the qualities of building operatives, or place their motives within a ‘deregulated’ industrial context. To demonstrate nineteenth century building industry unionism in NSW had a broader nature, the thesis looks at British trade union radicalism. It examines both changes in structure and ideology caused by growing industrialisation and competitive organisation affecting building tradesmen known as general contracting, as well as continuity and differences in ideas of social change and progress. The thesis connects the ideology of British and colonial building unions in this regard. It then turns to the lives, work and society of nineteenth century building workers in Sydney and the make-up of their organisations. The thesis seeks to understand the political and ideological aspects of Australian building unionism and the effects of general contracting and competition. Central to the discussion is the influence of the Co-operative movement, and the significance of the struggle for the eight-hour day to the labour movement. Both were progressive responses to unfettered market forces on the trade. It argues that the challenges faced by operatives in maintaining conditions led them to develop politically, creating ‘modern’ class representation and ideology. The thesis ends with a chapter that examines the evidence before the 1891 NSW Royal Commission into Strikes showing the building industry to be characterised by conflict, co-operation, and radicalism. Unionists expressed progressive ideology and industrial militancy but maintained positive relationships with certain employers for whom they provided market security. The trade-off for efforts in this respect was recognition that union rules would be the primary form of industrial regulation. Their system, however, was ultimately unsustainable because of competitive pressures, and industrial militancy against builders outside the system flourished. In conclusion, the thesis suggests that nineteenth century building workers improved and maintained industrial standards by militant unionism, and yet, at the same time, by forming co-operative relations with employers. In dealing with the corrosive effect of market deregulation that undermined control over their trade, operatives also built progressive organisations which forged working class unity and developed politically advanced ideologies of social change. Their ideas and practices were at times unsuccessful or contradictory, but building unionists were not inward-looking ‘labour aristocrats’.

Master of Philosophy / Australian government policy today aims to ‘deregulate’ industrial relations. A fractured system has ensued where uncontrolled market forces disrupt both business and unions. The building industry is particularly affected by uncertainty and industrial barbarism. Precisely one hundred years ago government policy was to create order, becoming directly involved in industrial regulation. This thesis aims to understand how building unions maintained their rates and conditions in the pre-arbitration era when there were no legislative minimums, and it seeks to place their labour relations within a political and ideological context. The thesis criticises historical scholarship surrounding artisan unionism in Britain and Australia, in particular the role of building tradesmen. Positive relations between employers and employed in the industry are often described in pejorative terms with tradesmen labelled ‘aristocrats of labour’ – apolitical, middle class and lacking class-awareness. The thesis argues this view does not adequately describe the qualities of building operatives, or place their motives within a ‘deregulated’ industrial context. To demonstrate nineteenth century building industry unionism in NSW had a broader nature, the thesis looks at British trade union radicalism. It examines both changes in structure and ideology caused by growing industrialisation and competitive organisation affecting building tradesmen known as general contracting, as well as continuity and differences in ideas of social change and progress. The thesis connects the ideology of British and colonial building unions in this regard. It then turns to the lives, work and society of nineteenth century building workers in Sydney and the make-up of their organisations. The thesis seeks to understand the political and ideological aspects of Australian building unionism and the effects of general contracting and competition. Central to the discussion is the influence of the Co-operative movement, and the significance of the struggle for the eight-hour day to the labour movement. Both were progressive responses to unfettered market forces on the trade. It argues that the challenges faced by operatives in maintaining conditions led them to develop politically, creating ‘modern’ class representation and ideology. The thesis ends with a chapter that examines the evidence before the 1891 NSW Royal Commission into Strikes showing the building industry to be characterised by conflict, co-operation, and radicalism. Unionists expressed progressive ideology and industrial militancy but maintained positive relationships with certain employers for whom they provided market security. The trade-off for efforts in this respect was recognition that union rules would be the primary form of industrial regulation. Their system, however, was ultimately unsustainable because of competitive pressures, and industrial militancy against builders outside the system flourished. In conclusion, the thesis suggests that nineteenth century building workers improved and maintained industrial standards by militant unionism, and yet, at the same time, by forming co-operative relations with employers. In dealing with the corrosive effect of market deregulation that undermined control over their trade, operatives also built progressive organisations which forged working class unity and developed politically advanced ideologies of social change. Their ideas and practices were at times unsuccessful or contradictory, but building unionists were not inward-looking ‘labour aristocrats’.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-180) and index. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1991. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-180) and index.