published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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Basé sur la théorie de cycle endogène, cette thèse de doctorat étudie la question d'instabilité macro-économique et des fluctuations endogènes dans trois économies distinctes : I) avec des effets externes en consommation dans un modèle de Ramsey; II) avec des effets externes en loisir dans un modèle de générations imbriquées; et III) avec imperfection de marché du crédit dans un modèle de croissance endogène monétaire. / Based on the endogenous cycle theory, this doctoral thesis studies the issue of macroeconomic instability and fluctuations in three distinct economies: i) with consumption externalities in Ramsey model; ii) with leisure externalities in an overlapping generations model; and iii) with credit market imperfection in a monetary endogenous growth model.

Nyckelord: Kassaflödesanalys, kassaflöde, likviditetsplanering, likviditetsbudget, likviditetsprognos, likviditet och nyckeltal. Frågeställning: Hur och varför använder de fyra valda organisationerna kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser internt? Vilka är skillnaderna i de fyra organisationernas sätt att ställa upp och använda sig av kassaflödesanalyserna och -prognoserna och beror skillnaderna på i vilken bransch de verkar? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser tillämpas praktiskt i de fyra stora organisationerna ABB, Västerås stad, Manpower och Gina Tricot för att identifiera om skillnader i uppförandet finns. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär då fallstudierna av organisationerna gjordes genom intervjuer med representanter på respektive organisation. Totalt genomfördes elva intervjuer med tolv personer. Data till referensramen samlades in genom sekundära källor. Insamlad data och information analyserades där referensram och empiri sattes i relation till varandra. Slutsats: Brister i metoden för hur kassaflödesanalysen ska upprättas finns då den i praktiken inte används av de undersökta organisationerna internt. Då den ändå måste upprättas på grund av lagstiftningen bör en förändring av uppställandet göras så att denna ska kunna användas mer internt. Då majoriteten av organisationerna i undersökningen gör prognoser istället för likviditetsbudget, vid likviditetsplanering, behöver forskningen inom referensramen för ämnet fokuseras på att förbättra prognosberäkningar. Studien visar på att användandet av likviditetsplanering, analys av kassaflöde, prognoser och nyckeltal kan bero på om organisationen är verksam inom privat eller offentlig sektor. / Keywords: Statement of cash flows, cash flow, cash forecast, cash flow projection, liquidity and ratio. Research question: How and why do the four organizations use the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts internally? Which differences are shown regarding the four organizations way of presenting and using the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts, and do these differences depend on the type of business? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts are used in the four large organizations ABB, Manpower, Gina Tricot and City of Västerås to identify if there are differences. Method: This quantitative study was based on twelve interviews with eleven different persons. The frame of reference was written with secondary data as material. Then collected information was processed, the frame of reference and the empirics were put together and then all was analyzed. Conclusion: There appears to be flaws in the method, in which the statement of cash flows is to be presented, because it is overall not used by organizations internally. Because the organizations are bound by law to do it a change in the method has to be made so it can be used more internally. The research of liquidity planning needs to be focused on improving the methods of calculating forecasts because the majority of the organizations in this study use forecasts to plan liquidity instead of liquidity budgets. The study shows that the use of plans of liquidity, analysis of cash flow, forecasts and ratios can depend on if the organization is private or public.

The prevalence of digital information management in an open network has driven the need to maintain balance between anonymity, authenticity and accountability (AAA). Anonymity allows a principal to hide its identity from strangers before trust relationship is established. Authenticity ensures the correct identity is engaged in the transaction even though it is hidden. Accountability uncovers the hidden identity when misbehavior of the principal is detected. The objective of this research is to develop an AAA management framework for secure resource allocations. Most existing resource management schemes are designed to manage one or two of the AAA attributes. How to provide high strength protection to all attributes is an extremely challenging undertaking. Our study shows that the electronic cash (E-cash) paradigm provides some important knowledge bases for this purpose. Based on Chaum-Pederson’s general transferable E-cash model, we propose a timed-zero-knowledge proof (TZKP) protocol, which greatly reduces storage spaces and communication overheads for resource transfers, without compromising anonymity and accountability. Based on Eng-Okamoto’s general divisible E-cash model, we propose a hypercube-based divisibility framework, which provides a sophisticated and flexible way to partition a chunk of resources, with different trade-offs in anonymity protection and computational costs, when it is integrated with different sub-cube allocation schemes. Based on the E-cash based resource management framework, we propose a privacy preserving service oriented architecture (SOA), which allows the service providers and consumers to exchange services without leaking their sensitive data. Simulation results show that the secure resource management framework is highly practical for missioncritical applications in large scale distributed information systems.

Ohlson(1995) and Feltham and Ohlson (1995) explain the importance of the financial reports through clean surplus relation and build up the relationship of market value, book value and earnings. The main structure of Ohlson model is the balance sheet and the income statement; however, the model doesn¡¦t contain the information of cash flows. The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship of accruals, cash flows, and market value. The results of this paper show that to divide net income into accruals and cash flows is good at forecasting abnormal earnings and valuing market value. To divide accruals into separate accruals also is helpful to forecast abnormal earnings and value market value. The cash flows and the accruals are different at forecasting and valuing. Key words¡GAccruals, Cash Flows, Market Value

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