Fong Shu Pan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / LIST OF PUBLICATIONS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ABSTRACT [IN CHINESE] --- p.vii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.ix / LISTS OF FIGURES --- p.xv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xxi / LIST OF ABBREVATIONS --- p.xxii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Embryonic stem (ES) cells --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Stem cell plasticity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Differentiation and trans-differentiation of lineage-restricted stem cells --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Multilineage differentiation in-vitro --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Trans-differentiation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Prospective applications of stem cells --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Basic research on development --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Study of human disease --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Cancer research --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Drug screening --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- Cell therapy --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Neuro-degenerative diseases and cell therapy --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Neuro-degenerative diseases --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Neuro-regeneration --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Cell sources for neuro-regenerative therapy --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Comparison of stem cells --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Stem cells in neuro-regenerative therapy --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- In-vitro derivation into neural lineage --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- In-vitro induction strategies available --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Chemical agents --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.1.1 --- Retinoic acid (RA) --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.1.2 --- Ascorbic acid --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Growth factors/cytokines --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1.2.1 --- Neurotrophins --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.1.2.2 --- Stimulants --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.1.2.3 --- Signalling molecules --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Culture Selection --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1.3.1 --- Conditions --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1.3.2 --- Medium --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Transfection of regulator genes using viral vector --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1.5 --- Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Aims --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hypothesis and study objectives --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Soliciting an optimal method for ES cell propagation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Pursuing alternative SDIA --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Cell Culture --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Immunohistochemistry and staining --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Molecular Biology --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Consumable --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Cell lines --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Feeder cells --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- STO --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- L Cells --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- L-Wnt-3A Cells --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- C17.2 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- ES cells --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- ES-D3 --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- ES-E14TG2a --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- In-house prepared solutions --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- "Stock solution of Insulin, Transferrin, Selentine (ITS) Supplement" --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Enriched Knock-Out Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (KO DMEM) --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Mitomycin C solution --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Gelatin solution 0.1% --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- p-mercaptoethanol solution --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- (3-mercaptoethanol solution 0.1M --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- P-mercaptoethanol solution 0.1M --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- p-mercaptoethanol solution 0.1M for preparation of culture medium --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- ALL-trans retinoic acid --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.6.1 --- ALL-trans retinoic acid stock solution 0.01M --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.6.2 --- ALL-trans retinoic acid working solution lμM --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Paraformaldehyde solution 4% (PFA) --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- TritoxX-100 solution --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.8.1 --- Tritox X-100 solution 3% --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.8.2 --- Tritox X-100 solution 0.3% --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.9 --- Popidium iodide solution lug/mL (PI) --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.10 --- Geneticin solution --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.10.1 --- Geneticin solution 50mg/mL --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.10.2 --- Geneticin solution 5mg/mL --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.11 --- Poly-L-ornithine solution --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.12 --- Laminin solution --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.13 --- Maintenance medium for cell feeders --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.14 --- Mitomycin C inactivation medium --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.15 --- Freezing medium --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.16 --- Propagation medium for ES cells --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.16.1 --- Serum-based propagation medium for ES cells --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.16.2 --- Serum-free propagation medium for ES cells --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.16.3 --- Serum-free induction medium for ES cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.16.3.1 --- Serum-free induction medium 1 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.16.3.2 --- Serum-free induction medium II --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.16.3.3 --- Serum-free induction medium III --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5 --- Equipments --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- Methods --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Cell Culture --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.1.1 --- Preparation of round cover-slips --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6.1.2 --- Gelatinization of tissue culture wares --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.1.3 --- Poly-L-ornithine and laminin coating --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.1.4 --- Thawing frozen cells --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.1.5 --- Passage of adherent culture --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.1.6 --- Cell count --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.1.7 --- Cytospin --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6.1.8 --- Cell viability test --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6.1.9 --- Cryopreservation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6.1.10 --- Preparation of primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (PMEF) --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6.1.11 --- Mitomycin C inactivation of feeder cells --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.1.12 --- Gamma irradiation of various feeders --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6.1.13 --- Preparation of CM from feeder cells --- p.56 / Chapter 3.6.1.14 --- Propagation of ES cells in serum-based medium --- p.56 / Chapter 3.6.1.15 --- Propagation of ES cell in serum-free medium --- p.56 / Chapter 3.6.1.16 --- Neural differentiation using all-trans retinoic acid --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6.1.17 --- Stromal cells-derived inducing activity --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.1.18 --- BrdU labeling of the cell products --- p.59 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Molecular analysis --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6.2.1 --- RNA extraction --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6.2.2 --- RNA quantitation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6.2.3 --- Reverse Transcription of the First Strand complementary DNA --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.2.4 --- Polymerase chain reaction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.2.5 --- RNA Integrity Check --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6.2.6 --- Electrophoresis and visualization of gene products --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Immunofluoresent staining --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- In-vivo studies --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.4.1 --- Induction of cerebral ischaemia in mice --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.4.2 --- Transplantation --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.4.3 --- Assessment of learning ability and memory --- p.70 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Histological analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 3.6.5.1 --- Animal sacrifice for brain harvest --- p.70 / Chapter 3.6.5.2 --- Cryosectioning --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6.5.3 --- Paraffin sectioning --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6.5.4 --- Haematoxylin and eosin staining --- p.72 / Chapter 3.7 --- Data analysis --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- ES cell maintenance --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Serum effect --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Feeder effect --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Serum-free and feeder-free condition --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Overall effect --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- ES cell Induction --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Retinoic acid --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Stromal cell-derived inducing activity --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Molecular characterization of candidate stromal cells --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Direct contact co-culture --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Non-contact co-culture --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Cultures in CM --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3. --- ES cell Differentiation --- p.115 / Chapter 4.4 --- In vivo study of ES cell-derived cell products --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Animal preparation --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cell preparation --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Cell implantation --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Behaviour Monitoring --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Histology of cell-implanted brain --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.144 / References --- p.147

INTRODUÇÃO: As alterações cromossômicas são a primeira suspeita etiológica em indivíduos com múltiplas anomalias congênitas, atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e/ou deficiência cognitiva. Verifica-se que em alguns pacientes esse fenótipo está associado a alterações pigmentares como as manchas cutâneas. Porém, nem sempre o resultado do cariótipo em sangue periférico para esses pacientes revela alterações cromossômicas. Dessa forma, a análise cromossômica de outro tecido, como a cultura e cariotipagem dos fibroblastos da pele, torna-se importante para verificar a ocorrência de mosaicismo oculto que poderia explicar o fenótipo clínico. OBJETIVOS: Padronizar e implantar um protocolo para cultura de fibroblastos de pele humana, oriunda de manchas cutâneas de pacientes com atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e/ou malformações. Estabelecer o método de cariotipagem molecular de fibroblastos em tecido epitelial e realizar a correlação com o fenótipo. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram provenientes do ambulatório de Genética do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (ICR-HCFMUSP). Foram realizados cariótipos de fibroblastos de pele de 15 pacientes com cariótipo de sangue periférico normal, portadores de manchas cutâneas associadas ao atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e/ou malformações. A análise citogenética dos fibroblastos foi feita a partir de biópsia cutânea das manchas, seguida dos seguintes procedimentos: cultura de fibroblastos, processamento, cariotipagem por bandamento G e análise citogenética molecular. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 15 casos estudados, 8 apresentaram isocromosomo de 12p (síndrome de Pallister-Killian), 1 apresentou um mosaicismo sexual atípico e os outros 6 apresentaram resultado normal. CONCLUSÃO: A análise cromossômica de fibroblastos foi imprescindível para o diagnóstico de pacientes com manchas cutâneas associadas à múltiplas anomalias congênitas, atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e/ou deficiência cognitiva. A abordagem diagnóstica adequada é fundamental para conduzir o tratamento de forma apropriada e para definir o prognóstico desses pacientes, sendo também imprescindível para a realização do aconselhamento genético / INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal aberrations are the first suspected etiology in individuals with multiple congenital anomalies, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability. This phenotype is sometimes associated with pigmentary skin anomalies. However, in some cases the peripheral blood cells karyotype is normal. Therefore, the cytogenetic analysis of other tissues such as culture and karyotyping of skin fibroblasts is important to verify the occurrence of cryptic mosaicism that may explain the clinical phenotype. OBJECTIVES: To standardize and set a protocol for culture of human skin fibroblasts. To perform molecular karyotyping of fibroblasts and establish the correlation with phenotype. METHODS: Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Genetics Unit of Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas d Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (ICR-HCFMUSP). The karyotypes of skin fibroblasts were performed in 15 patients with normal blood karyotype, presenting with pigmentary skin anomalies associated with developmental delay and/or malformations. The cytogenetic analysis of fibroblasts was made from skin biopsy of the spots, followed by fibroblast culture, processing, karyotyping by G-banding analysis and molecular cytogenetics. RESULTS: Among the 15 cases studied, 8 showed isochromosome 12p (Pallister-Killian syndrome), 1 had atypical sexual mosaicism and the other 6 had normal results. CONCLUSION: The cytogenetic analysis of skin fibroblasts is crucial for the diagnosis of patients with pigmentary skin anomalies associated with developmental delay and/or malformations. The proper diagnosis is fundamental for the appropriate treatment, to define prognosis for these patients and essential for the genetic counselling

Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-142). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-154).

Submitted by Maria Anália Conceição (marianaliaconceicao@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T14:03:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-NOVO-16.pdf: 1167031 bytes, checksum: f37b93c03ff1aafc658b116d6ba3bc6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Anália Conceição (marianaliaconceicao@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T14:21:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-NOVO-16.pdf: 1167031 bytes, checksum: f37b93c03ff1aafc658b116d6ba3bc6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T14:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-NOVO-16.pdf: 1167031 bytes, checksum: f37b93c03ff1aafc658b116d6ba3bc6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Introdução: Modelos de estudos in vitro são considerados como padrão ouro para análises de atividades celulares que visam mimetizações da dinâmica das células in vivo, inclusive quando as amostras celulares são submetidas à compressão estática. Células quando cultivadas sob um substrato representam a estrutura natural e função dos tecidos in vivo no que diz respeito à fisiologia, forma da célula e seu ambiente. Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade e morte celular no modelo de compressão contínua na cultura de fibroblastos humanos derivados do ligamento periodontal. Métodos: Foram selecionados 10 pacientes, submetidos à extrações dos 4 terceiros molares inclusos por indicação ortodôntica. A amostra consistiu de 4 mm2 de tecido periodontal do terço médio das raízes. A mesma foi cultivada até a 6ª passagem e depois as células foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), com cultivo em monocamada e substrato sem aplicação de força durante 6h e Grupo Experimental (GE3 e GE4), com cultivo em monocamada e substrato com aplicação de carga de 3 e 4 g/cm2 durante 6h. Resultados: Tanto o GC quanto o GE3 e GE4, monocamada e substrato, não apresentaram diferença estatística nos valores de viabilidade celular e apoptose. Com o aumento da carga o GE4 indicou maior necrose em relação ao GC e o GE3. Conclusão: Não houve diferença na utilização de substrato de colágeno na cultura de fibroblastos periodontais em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados, mas houve maior necrose com o aumento da carga na avaliação intragrupos. Descritores: Ligamento periodontal, Sobrevivência celular, Apoptose, Técnicas de cultura de células. / Introduction: In vitro studies of models are considered as gold standard for cell analysis activities aimed mimetics of the dynamics of cells in vivo, even when the cell samples are subjected to static compression. Cells when grown in a substrate represent the natural structure and function of tissues in vivo with respect to physiology, cell shape and its environment. Objective: To evaluate the viability and cell death in the pressure model continues the culture of fibroblasts derived from human periodontal ligament. Methods: We selected 10 patients who underwent extractions of 4 the 3rd molars included for orthodontic indication. The sample consisted of 4 mm2 of periodontal tissue of the middle third of the roots. The same was grown to the 6th passage, then the cells were divided into two groups: the Control Group (CG) with culture monolayer and the substrate without application of force for 6h and Experimental Group (EG3, EG4) with growing monolayer and substrate 3 of load application and 4 g/cm2 for 6 hours. Results: Both the CG when the EG3 and EG4, monolayer and substrate showed no statistical difference in cell viability and apoptosis values. With increasing load the EG4 indicated greater necrosis than the CG and EG3. Conclusion: There was no difference in the use of collagen substrate in the culture of periodontal fibroblasts in all evaluated parameters, but there was a higher necrosis with increasing load on the intra-group evaluation.

Orientador(a): Profª Dra. Christiane Bertachini Lombello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2016. / A realização de ensaios de citotoxicidade in vitro e essencial na caracterizacao inicial da biocompatibilidade de biomateriais que visam aplicacao clinica. Pela exposicao de uma cultura celular ao contato direto, indireto ou ao extrato de determinado material de interesse e possivel caracterizar a presenca e severidade de efeito citotoxico resultante. Porem, a sensibilidade dos diferentes ensaios e variavel e influenciada por inumeros fatores, relacionados as proprias condicoes de ensaio utilizadas e parametros celulares avaliados, bem como a natureza do biomaterial em analise. Assim, o estudo comparativo desses ensaios in vitro e de suas variacoes metodologicas contribui para o melhor entendimento dos protocolos empregados atualmente, e de maior relevancia devido as questoes eticas relativas ao uso de animais em ensaios biologicos. Esse estudo buscou, portanto, analisar comparativamente a influencia de diferentes condicoes de ensaio na sensibilidade dos testes de citotoxicidade - contato direto, indireto (difusao em agar) e por extrato - segundo norma ISO 10993:5 (2009), alem de avaliar a correlacao entre os resultados desses ensaios e dos parametros de citotoxicidade utilizados. Para tal, utilizou-se linhagem celular Vero e materiais conhecidamente nao citotoxicos (papel filtro) e citotoxicos (latex) como referenciais. Os parametros celulares de morfologia, proliferacao e viabilidade foram avaliados, qualitativa e/ou quantitativamente, apos 24 h, 48 h, 72 h e 120 h de ensaio. Todos os ensaios foram eficazes na avaliacao de citotoxicidade, quando analisados os parametros celulares resultantes da interacao. Porem, para a referencia citotoxica, o efeito sobre as celulas foi distinto entre os ensaios apos 24 h de exposicao, sendo mais pronunciado no ensaio por extrato. Alem disso, o ensaio de contato direto apresentou maior variabilidade quanto a viabilidade e proliferacao celular. Verificou-se ainda, que para maiores tempos de exposicao ha reducao na viabilidade celular, inclusive para amostras nao citotoxicas, independente do ensaio. A avaliacao de citotoxicidade de representantes das tres principais classes de biomateriais - ¿À-TCP (ceramica), aco AISI 316L (metal), e gelatina reticulada (polimero), segundo mesmos ensaios, porem restritos aos tempos de 24 h e 48 h, evidenciaram a nao citotoxicidade dos dois primeiros. Porem, o ensaio por contato direto nao foi o mais adequado na avaliacao do biomaterial ceramico, devido a movimentacao da amostra, dando preferencia nesse caso aos demais ensaios. Ja para a amostra metalica, apesar da influencia de seu peso no contato direto os resultados foram representativos da ausencia de citotoxicidade. Assim, podendo ser avaliado por qualquer dos ensaios. O ensaio por extrato foi o de maior sensibilidade na deteccao do potencial citotoxico da gelatina, esse podendo ser indicado como metodo de escolha no estudo de polimeros reticulados. Como a sensibilidade entre os ensaios pode variar para um mesmo tempo de exposicao e ser influenciada pelo tipo de material em analise, principalmente quando este apresenta algum potencial citotoxico, e necessario cautela na escolha do tipo de ensaio utilizado para avaliacoes de citotoxicidade. Dessa maneira, a integracao entre resultados provenientes da avaliacao de diferentes condicoes de ensaio e parametros celulares, qualitativos e quantitativos, bem como relacionados ao comprometimento fisico/morfologico e funcional, permite maior confiabilidade na caracterizacao previa da presenca e severidade de citotoxicidade in vitro de biomateriais. / The fulfilment of in vitro cytotoxicity assays is essential for initial characterization of biocompatibility of biomaterials that are intended for clinical application. By exposure of a cell culture to direct or indirect contact with certain material of interest, or of its extract it is possible to characterize the resulting cytotoxicity effects. However, the sensitivity of the tests is variable and influenced by many factors, related to the different test conditions used and cellular parameters evaluated, as well as the nature of the biomaterial under assessment. Thus, the comparative study of these assays and its methodological variations contribute to a better understanding of the protocols currently employed. And even more relevant, in face of the ethical issues related to animal use in biological assays. Therefore, this study seeks to comparatively analyze the influence of different test conditions on the sensitivity of the cytotoxicity tests, by direct, indirect contact (agar diffusion) and for extract, according to ISO 10993: 5 (2009) and to evaluate the correlation between the results of those assays and the parameters used to detect the cytotoxicity. To this end, the study employed the Vero cell line and known non-cytotoxic (filter paper) and cytotoxic (latex) materials as reference. The parameters evaluated were cell morphology, proliferation and viability, thru qualitative and quantitative means, after 24h, 48h, 72h and 120 hours of assay duration. All assays were effective in the evaluation of cytotoxicity, resulting from the interaction. However, for the cytotoxic reference, the effect on the cells was different between assays after 24 hours of exposure and, also more pronounced for the extract assay. Besides that, the direct contact assay showed greater variability for both the cell viability and proliferation data. It was also found that for longer exposure times there is a decrease in cell viability, for all samples, including the non-cytotoxic one, and it is not influenced by the type of assay. Cytotoxicity evaluation of representatives of the three main biomaterials classes - â-TCP (ceramic), steel AISI 316L (metal), and crosslinked-gelatin (polymer) ¿ under the same conditions, yet restricted to 24h and 48h of exposure time, showed that the first two samples mentioned are non-cytotoxic. However, the direct contact assay was not the most adequate to evaluate the ceramic biomaterial, due to sample movement, preference being given in this case to the use of the other assays. For the metal, despite the influence of their weight, while in direct contact, the results where representative of the absence of cytotoxicity. Thus, all assays can be used in its evaluation. The extract assay was the most sensitive in detecting the potential cytotoxic effect of the crosslinked-gelatin, and could possibly be indicated as the method of choice when studying crosslinked polymers. Since the sensitivity between assays may vary for the same exposure time and be influenced by the type of material under analysis, especially when it presents a potential cytotoxicity; caution is required when selecting the assay for cytotoxic evaluation. Therefore, combining the results from different assay conditions and cellular parameters, qualitative and quantitative, as well as related to the physical / morphological and functional impairments, allows for greater reliability in the initial biomaterial characterization of in vitro cytotoxicity regarding their presence and severity.

A técnica do enxerto de granulação óssea tem demonstrado bons resultados na recuperação do periodonto e na melhora dos parâmetros clínicos dos dentes com comprometimento periodontal. Pouco se sabe porém, a respeito de qual tipo de tratamento de superfície radicular se faz mais condizente com o emprego dessa técnica. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a proliferação de células de granulação óssea sobre fragmentos radiculares com os seguintes tratamentos de superfície: Controle - somente raspagem, EDTA, terapia fotodinâmica (PDT- laser InGaAIP - 30mW, 30s, 45J/cm², 660nm + azul de toluidina), e ácido cítrico com tetraciclina. Todos os grupos teste receberam previamente tratamento com raspagem e alisamento com 20 golpes de cureta. Células de granulação óssea foram cultivadas em quadruplicata sobre os fragmentos por um período de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Após esse período de cultivo os fragmentos foram fixados para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Cinco campos por fragmento foram usados para a visualização e contagem de células aderidas a superfície radicular (centro, campo superior direito e esquerdo e campo inferior direito e esquerdo). A análise da calibração do examinador foi feita através de uma combinação de testes estatísticos como erro casual de Dahlberg, erro sistemático e correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). A análise da amostra foi realizada através do ANOVA de medidas repetidas complementado por Tukey, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados demostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, quanto ao numero de células, para as superfícies tratadas com terapia fotodinâmica no período de 72 h (p<0,05). Através de nossos resultados concluímos que o tratamento radicular com terapia fotodinâmica favorece a proliferação de células de granulação óssea humanas in vitro. / The osseous granulation graft has been demonstrating good results on the periodontal healing, resulting the improvement of clinical periodontal parameters. There are very few knowledge about what kind of dental surface would be more proper for the application of this technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferation of osseous granulation cells on human root fragments treated by different techniques as scaling and root planning (control), citric acid plus tetracycline, EDTA and photodynamic therapy (PDT InGaAIP, 45J/cm², 30mW, 30s, 660nm, toluidine blue O). All test groups were previously treated which 20 curette strikes. Osseous granulation cells was culture in quadruplicate on these fragments for 24h, 48h and 72h. After that, all fragments were fixed and prepared for analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Aiming to counting the cells adhered on the roots, we obtained electron micrographs of 5 areas (center, upper right and left field, lower right and left field). The examiner calibration was analyzed by Dahlberg Casual Error measurement, systematic error test and Pearson correlation test (p<0.05). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test, with a 5% level of significance (p<0.05). There were significant differences in cell number after 72h culture in favor of PDT group (p<0,05). We can conclude that the surface treatment of roots which PDT favor the proliferation of osseous granulation cells in vitro.

Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru / Resumo: Nanopartículas de prata (NPsAg) apresentam ação bactericida e biocompatibilidade, mostrando potencial para aplicações na Odontologia. Farnesol (FAR) é um álcool encontrado em óleos essencias de frutas cítricas e apresenta atividade antibacteriana/antibiofilme. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, antibiofilme e a citotoxicidade de soluções de NPsAg e FAR, para serem utilizadas na desinfecção de canais radiculares. O estudo foi dividido em duas publicações. Na Publicação 1, a atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada sobre Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans ou Pseudomonas aeruginosa, por meio da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e microbicida mínima (CMM) pelo método de microdiluição e coloração com resazurina. A avaliação da atividade sobre a biomassa dos biofilmes foi realizada por meio do ensaio de cristal violeta. A capacidade anti-adesão de biofilme foi avaliada em blocos de dentina radicular bovina após tratamento da dentina com as soluções por 3 min. Foram realizadas análises em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e contagem de UFC mL-1 log 10. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (α=0,05). No teste antibacteriano sobre células planctônicas de E. faecalis, os valores de CIM/CMM das soluções de NPsAg e FAR foram de 42,5/50μM e 0,85/1,0%, respectivamente. Para C. albicans, os valores de CIM/CMM de NPsAg e FAR foram de 27,5/37,5μM e 1,75/2,5%, respectivamente. Para P. aeruginosa, os valores de CIM/CMM de NPsAg... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potential for applications in dentistry due to bactericidal action and biocompatibility. Farnesol (FAR) is an alcohol found in essential oils of citrus fruits and it has antibacterial/antibiofilm activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities and the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and FAR solutions used as root canal disinfectant. The study was divided into two publications. In Publication 1, antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) by microdilution method and rezasurin staining. The anti-biofilm activity was performed by crystal violet assay. The anti-biofilm adhesion ability was evaluated using bovine root dentine blocks after treating them with tested solutions for 3 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and CFU mL-1 log 10 counting were performed. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). The antibacterial test against planktonic cells of E. faecalis showed MIC/MMC values of 42.5/50μM and 0.85/1.0% for AgNPs and FAR, respectively. The values of MIC/MMC of AgNPs and FAR for C. albicans were 27.5/37.5μM and 1.75/2.5% and for P. aeruginosa were 32.5/32.5μM and 2.5/2.75%, respectively. The anti-adhesion biofilm capacity assay showed smaller amount of biofilm adhered to the substrate treated with AgNPs and FAR when compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Steiner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cunha_KarinaSoares_M.pdf: 3290868 bytes, checksum: 62ac845d38c989b1515d635bf2bfa79b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O Mosaico pigmentar tipo Ito é uma alteração cutânea frequente, caracterizada por hipopigmentação da pele que, na maioria dos casos, segue o padrão linhas de Blaschko, geralmente associada a anomalias extracutâneas, sobretudo anomalias do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Sugere-se que esse padrão decorre da presença e migração de duas linhagens celulares no período embrionário, com diferente expressão de genes associados à pigmentação, que darão origem à epiderme e ao SNC no feto. Diversos tipos de mosaicismo foram associados ao quadro e acredita-se que os casos em que não houve tal detecção se devam à limitação das células analisadas. Devido à função, origem embrionária e migração celular, possivelmente o mosaicismo seria melhor identificado em melanócitos e queratinócitos, principalmente na presença de alterações no SNC, as alterações poderiam ter envolvimento com o prognóstico neurológico. Neste estudo foi realizada análise citogenética de linfócitos e fibroblastos de 15 indivíduos com mosaico pigmentar do tipo Ito. Os objetivos incluíram padronizar a cultura de células de melanócitos e queratinócitos, visando analisar o cariótipo desses indivíduos nesses tipos celulares. O estudo citogenético nesses tipos celulares, porém, não pode ser realizado devido à dificuldade de se obter metáfases adequadas para análise. Assim, foi desenvolvido protocolo de cultura e análise citogenética em queratinócitos, o qual funcionou adequadamente em indivíduos testes, porém sem resultado semelhante nos sujeitos de pesquisa. A preparação cromossômica a partir de melanócitos, por outro lado, não se mostrou adequada. Na análise de linfócitos e fibroblastos, foram encontradas alterações cromossômicas diferentes em quatro indivíduos (26% da casuística), presentes em ambos os tipos celulares. Não foram observadas divergências nas amostras a partir de pele hipo e normopigmentadas. Essas alterações incluíram um caso de t(X;21) regular, para o qual foram realizados estudos complementares de forma a aprimorar a investigação laboratorial, sendo análise por array-CGH, FISH e estudo de inativação de X. Um caso se tratou de trissomia 18 em mosaico, nesse indivíduo não foi possível a coleta de biópsia, porém foi realizado FISH interfásico em células da mucosa oral. Houve também um caso de r(22) em mosaico, o único que apresentou diferença na proporção de células alteradas em fibroblastos e linfócitos, possivelmente por maior instabilidade in vitro de cromossomos em anel em culturas de longa duração. O último caso alterado se refere a um cromossomo marcador, também em mosaico. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados da literatura prévia. Assim, apenas um caso apresentou alteração cromossômica não em mosaico, representada por uma translocação X/autossomo regular, para a qual as técnicas de estudo utilizadas não detectaram justificativa para o padrão de mosaicismo observado clinicamente / Abstract: Pigmentary mosaicism of Ito type is a skin abnormality often characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin following, in most cases, the Blaschko lines, usually associated with extracutaneous abnormalities, especially abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS). It is suggested that this pattern arises from the presence and migration of two cell lineages in the embryonic period, with different expression of genes associated with pigmentation, which will give rise to the epidermis and the CNS in the fetus. Several types of mosaicism have been associated with this disorder. In cases in which no mosaicismo was detected, it is believed that this may be secondary to the limitation of the cells analyzed. Due to the function and embryonic cell migration, in individuals with pigmentary mosaicism, a cytogenetic mosaicism possibly would be better identified in melanocytes and keratinocytes, especially in the presence of changes in the CNS. Besides, these changes could prognose the neurological outcome. This study comprehended cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes and fibroblasts from 15 individuals with pigmentary mosaicism of Ito type. The targets included standardize the cell culture of melanocytes and keratinocytes in order to analyze the karyotype of these individuals in these cell types. The cytogenetic study in these cell types, however, was not possible due to difficulties in obtaining adequate metaphases for analysis. Given this difficulty, another cell type (fibroblasts) was studied. In the end, chromosomal abnormalities in lymphocytes and fibroblasts were identified in four individuals. These included one case of a balanced traslocation X/21, one case of trisomy 18 mosaicism, one case of a ring 22 mosaic and one marker chromosome, also in mosaic. Considering the results of cytogenetic lymphocytes and fibroblasts, additional studies were undertaken to enhance the laboratory investigation of these cases, including array-CGH, FISH and study of X inactivation. The results were compared with previous literature data. In conclusion, we developed protocol for culture and cytogenetic analysis in keratinocytes, which worked well on test subjects, but without similar results in study subjects. The chromosome preparation from melanocytes, however, was not adequate. There were no differences in samples from different area of skin. Only one case showed different proportion of cells altered in fibroblasts and lymphocytes, possibly due to instability of ring chromosomes in long duration cultures. Finally, only one case showed no chromosomal abnormality in mosaic, represented by a regular translocation X/autosome, for which the techniques used to study detected no explanation for the pattern of mosaicism observed clinically / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas