Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Edinburgh, 2000.

Thesis--Universität Trier, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references ([332]-347) and indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. [332]-347).

The central argument of this thesis is that, for the Gaels of Lismore, their boundaries are not just the physical ones (important though they may be) of living on an island bounded by the sea, but that the boundaries are also symbolic and relate to the recreation and reinforcement of a cultural identity. These can be denoted by a variety of things but, in this thesis, I explore boundaries of History, Oral Tradition, Music, Language, Life-cycle rituals and the ritual boundaries of 'celebrations', both at home and when the Gael moves away from the Highlands. Where possible, several specific historical incidents have been used which have direct relevance and significance for the mental construction of these boundaries for the Gaels in general, and the Gaels of Lismore in particular. One of the aims has been to understand the present, by looking at the past, since the culture of the Gaels has important historical referents for them. Both emic and etic perspectives are considered as far as possible, using two types of perspectives on history, outsider viewpoints and those of the Gaels themselves. The identity of a community is a reality: a community consciousness is reinforced and encompassed by boundaries which can be symbolic. The symbols of community can incorporate many differences successfully, specifically because symbols can be so general. In this way, it is possible for a community to come under one banner despite intense variations in belief and ideals. When community parameters are under threat, perhaps by historical factors which necessitate social cliange as in the case of Lismore, people reinforce these boundaries by turning to symbolic behaviour. Ethnographic examples are used throughout to illustrate these points. An audio tape is supplied to use with the Gaelic extracts. This is to allow the reader to hear the sound of the language and music extracts used in the thesis.

The main subject of this thesis is a detailed analysis of pre-oppid coin types represented in the monitored region and their interpretation. The thesis also includes a chronological concept of the earliest stages of Celtic coinage (3rd-2nd cent. BC.) and its relationship to the archaeological chronology of the middle of La Tene period. In the first part I describe various pre-oppid types known from Moravia. Subsequently, the thesis deals with production-trading centers (Němčice nad Hanou, Roseldorf, Nowa Cerekwia) in the corridor of the Amber Route. However, the most important part is typological - a chronological overview of coins from the production- trading center Němčice nad Hanou, which is mostly based on catalog of coin findings from newly compiled by E. Kolníková. Keywords: Celts - Coinage - Amber Road - pre-oppid coins - LT C1 - C2 - Moravia

Thesis (B.A.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2008. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60).

Cette thèse porte sur les influences massaliètes et italiques sur la monnaie en Languedoc, depuis son apparition en Gaule méditerranéenne (fin du VIe s. av. n. è.) jusqu'au règne d'Auguste (27 av. n. è.-14 de n. è.). Le Languedoc est situé entre Narbonne et le delta du Rhône. Cette région interagit avec plusieurs puissances méditerranéennes qui changent son rapport à l'économie. Dans un premier temps, des colonies phocéennes puis massaliètes jalonnent le littoral. Des contacts fréquents existent avec le monde carthaginois jusqu'aux guerres puniques. Puis, à l'issue de ces dernières, Rome devient la puissance économique en Méditerranée occidentale. Des relations commerciales sont aussi attestées avec la Gaule interne. Ces connexions ont des conséquences sur le développement du négoce languedocien. Quelles ont été les conséquences de l'installation romaine dans le sud de la Gaule, par la création de la province de Transalpine ? Quels étaient les rapports entre la cité phocéenne, implantée depuis le VIe s. av. n. è., et les Romains présents à partir du du IIe s. av. n. è. ? Comment se traduisent-ils sur la monnaie locale ? Les puissances méditerranéennes sont-elles responsables de la monétarisation du Languedoc ou s'agit-il au contraire d'un développement local s'inscrivant dans un contexte de croissance des transactions régionales ? Autrement dit, la monnaie était-elle utilisée dans les relations avec Marseille et Rome ou bien avait-elle intégré la vie des populations locales ? Dans quelles mesures Marseille et Rome se sont-elles impliquées dans la gestion de la monnaie en Languedoc ? Les réformes augustéennes des années 20 av. n. è. unifient-elles le système monétaire dans les provinces romaines ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une étude des monnaies dans leur contexte archéologique a été réalisée. Celle-ci, associée à une analyse de la place du Languedoc au sein de la Méditerranée, permettent de saisir les évolutions de l'adoption de la monnaie mais aussi les volontés et les enjeux des différents acteurs. / This PhD concerns the massaliètes and italiques influences on the coin in Languedoc, from its first appearance (end of the VIth century BC) to August's reign (27 BC- AD 14). The Languedoc is located between Narbonne and the Rhone delta. This region interacts and is influenced by several mediterranean powers upon its economy. First, Phocaean and massaliètes colonies are settled on the coastline. Frequent contacts exist with the Carthaginian world until the Punic Wars. After them, Rome becomes the first economic power of the western Mediterranean. Economics relations are also attested with the inside of Gaul. Those connections impact the development of the trade in the Languedoc. What are the consequences of the roman installation in the South of Gaul, when the province of Transalpine is created ? Which rapports did Marseille, established during the VIth century, and the Romans, present since the IInd century ? How do they impact the local coinage ? Are the mediterranean powers responsible of the monetisation of the Languedoc or quite the opposite, is it a local development in line with a context of regional transactions growth ? In other words, was coinage used for the relations with Marseille and Rome or, was it integrated in the daylife of local populations ? How did Marseille and Rome take part to the management of the coinage in the Languedoc ? Do the 20 BC augustan reforms unify the monetarian system in the roman provinces ? To answer, a study of the coinage in their archeological context has been made. Associated with an analysis of the position of the Languedoc in the Mediterranean world, it helps to understand the phases of monetisation but also, the goals and the challenges of the differents actors.

The principal aim of the thesis has been to examine the development of constructed cult loci from the late Iron Age to the late Roman period in southern Britain, focusing on the differential use of internal space. Following an initial review of the interpretative parameters used in the archaeological identification of constructed cult sites, the evidence for such loci within an Iron Age context was critically re-examined. This has led to the conclusion that not only were such sites very rare and geographically dispersed, but they were confined in most cases to the ultimate pre-Roman and Roman transition periods. It is suggested that this development may have been at least partly induced by an internal increase in societal specialisation and political hierarchy, in addition to external influences from Roman Gaul. Contextual analysis of constructed cult sites has led to the conclusion that, at least within the Roman period, they were integral parts of the political, commercial, social and ideological world of those that surrounded them. Furthermore, their virtual absence from certain areas implies that the concept of constructed sacred space as a whole did generally not find expression outside of those areas more influenced by Romanized ideology and social structure. At the core of the thesis is an analysis of the use of space within a selected number of late Iron Age and Roman period constructed sacred sites. Whilst individual site variation was substantial, there was an occasional degree of regional coherence, in addition to a more ubiquitous homogeneity in some functional and spatial characteristics. Detailed spatial analysis has only been possible on a limited number of sites because of a previous lack of comprehensive excavation. The current study has shown that it is only by analysing in detail the whole of the site, that vital information concerning function and development may be gained.

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"This project is my way of saying thanks. My intention is to recognize the people who were able to transmit the passion and love for the land of my grandparents Asturias, with its heritage, history and music. My architectural purpose is to strengthen the tradition and culture by recovering the past. It is in this way , we will be stronger in the present and inspire future generations" / Master of Architecture

The diploma thesis Celts and their influence on modern European cultures engages in Celtic nations, describes their history and presents remainders of Celtic culture in modern cultures. The thesis is focused on the influence of the Celts on the French region of Brittany and the Czech Republic. It mainly describes the heritage of the Celtic culture in the contemporary society in the form of Druidism, feasts, perception of nature and other traditions. It aims to create a complex image of the Celtic civilization. The second objective of the thesis is to confirm or refute the original connection of the modern Celtic cultural elements on a historical culture of the Celts. It achieves these aims on the basis of analysis, synthesis and subsequent comparison of obtained information about historical and contemporary Celts. The diploma thesis comes to the conclusion that all studied cultural elements have a real historical basis, but most of them, in their modern form, are created artificially. Nevertheless this fact does not detract from the importance of the cultural heritage of the Celts. KEYWORDS Celts, Brittany, the Czech Republic, megaliths, druids, feasts, traditions, cultural heritage of Celts