Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-279).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-235).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 2002.

Rescued from Japanese colonization after 36 years, Korea resumed independence as The Republic of Korea in 1948 grounded on liberal democracy. The democratic institution promised a system of separation of power, democratic rights and freedom for all people. In this context, local autonomy was experimented with but soon ceased due to internal instability and local government was suspended until the 1990s. Institutionally Korean central government undertook a steady shift toward decentralization over the past two decades or so, but that shift has more recently been tempered by the exercise of stronger central controls facing fiscal crises. This thesis argues that centralism is still a predominant ideology in intergovernmental relations despite the implementation of local autonomy. Central controls exhibited democratic change in some cases but the core nature of controlling local government has survived through institutional change appearing in different modes since the introduction of local autonomy. The democratic change in central control is declared to increase local autonomy. From this viewpoint, the democratic change in central control is assumed to improve the performance of local government based on the theory that the growth of local autonomy motivates local government to improve its performance. Financial crises were used to justify the revival of pervasive central controls. So this thesis is concerned with the relationship between central control and local performance in the context of fiscal crisis, whose focus is driven by the experience of fiscal crises over recent years in Korea. An extensive statistical analysis, drawing on a unique data base, reveals that, despite the local autonomy rhetoric, overall current central controls have a negative link with local government performance. Democratic change of central controls has not significantly improved the performance of local government. This evidence supports the view that even after the revival of local autonomy in Korea; central control plays a role of regulator rather than a role of constructive engagement with local government and emphasises institutional stability. Thus central government has not yet developed the creative potential of democratic local government and should more positively make an effort to establish democratic central-local government relations.

Magister Legum - LLM / This study focussed on the transformation of the institutions of local government from deconcentration, delegation to devolution. This transformation can be looked at starting with the institutions inherited from the colonial era, which started after the Berlin Conference of 1884, which divided Africa among the western powers. Then the transformation, which took place immediately after independence; that is the period of 1960s, the changes made in the 1980s and finally the transformation taking place following the multiparty democracy in the 1990s. The study looked at decentralisation during the colonial period; decentralisation after independence, with a particular focus on the institutions under a single party system; transformation of local government under multiparty system. It also examined the challenges facing decentralisation in the SADC region. / South Africa

by Pierre Daigneault. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-130). / List of Abbreviations --- p.i / List of Figures --- p.i / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter1 --- Historical and Administrative Background --- p.7 / Historical background --- p.7 / Administrative Profile (1980) --- p.18 / Summary --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter2 --- Hainan Administrative District Commisionner's Office --- p.23 / The Embryo of the New Strategy --- p.24 / The Integrated Scientific Investigation --- p.28 / "Responses from Provincial, Central and Local Leaders" --- p.38 / The Core of Hainan development strategy --- p.44 / "Centralization, Integration and Administrative Changes" --- p.50 / Summary --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Hainan Regional People's Government --- p.57 / "The Car Incident, 1984-85" --- p.57 / "Period of Reeva1uation, 1985-87" --- p.65 / Summary --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter4 --- Hainan Province People's Government --- p.92 / "Setting up the Provincial Government, 1988" --- p.92 / The Spring of 1989 --- p.98 / The Summer of 1989 --- p.109 / The Fal1 of 1989 --- p.112 / Summary --- p.115 / Conclusion --- p.119 / Bibliography --- p.126

本研究發現一個地區的經濟發展水平與當地居民對中央政府的信任程度負相關。 / 本研究包括定量和定性兩個部份。定量部份，普通最小二乘線性回歸(OLS)分析和雙層回歸分析的結果顯示：區域經濟發展水平與人們對中央政府的信任存在顯著的負相關關係。控制了個人因素變量，上述相關關係仍然顯著。定性分析部份討論了傳統文化與信息流通在發達地區和欠發達地區如何影響政府信任。這部份分析發現文化因素和信息因素是導致某一地區的民眾比另一地區民眾更不相信中央政府的重要因素，但必須與經濟發展因素相結合才能發揮顯著作用。文化與信息受當地的經濟發展水平影響：一個地區的經濟發展水平越高，傳統文化的影響力越弱，信息化程度越高；反之，經濟發展水平越低，傳統文化的影響力越強，信息化程度越低。定量分析與定性分析都支持研究假設。 / 把上述靜態觀察納入動態視角，從長遠看，區域經濟發展將削弱公眾對中央政府的信任。具體來說，假定目前的局勢延續，隨著中國越來越多的地區經濟得到發展，當地民眾對中央政府的信任會相應降低。據此推測，中國人的政府信任可能會經歷一個由“中央高、地方低再變為“中央低、地方更低的過程。 / This research shows that the level of economic development in a region has a negative correlation with local residents’ trust in the central government. / This study draws on both quantitative and qualitative analyses. In the quantitative section, both OLS regression and hierarchical linear modeling show that the level of regional economic development has a significant negative correlation with public trust in the central government, controlling for individual factors. Qualitative analysis suggests that traditional culture and the flow of political information affect people’s trust in government when they interact with economic development. In places where economy is underdeveloped, traditional culture has a larger impact and the flow of political information is less free. By contrast, in places where economy is more developed, traditional culture has a weaker effect and the flow of political information is freer. / Putting the finding of the cross-sectional analysis into a dynamic perspective, it is suggested that the development of local economy may in the long run weaken local residents’ trust in the central government. More specifically, assuming that the present situation continues, as more and more regions experience economic growth, local residents may develop weaker confidence in the central government. The pattern of trust in government may then evolve from the current “high trust in the central government and lower trust in local government into “low trust in the central government and even lower trust in local government. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 呂書鵬. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-173). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lü Shupeng. / 內容摘要 --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / 致謝 --- p.iii / Chapter 第1章 --- 概論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 問題的提出 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 相關概念 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- 研究方法 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- 研究框架 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- 研究局限 --- p.10 / Chapter 第2章 --- 文獻綜述 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- 政府信任 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 政府信任的重要性 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 政府信任的特點 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- 政府信任的影響因素 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 經濟因素 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 社會文化因素 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 政治因素 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 政府因素 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- 信息因素 --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- 中國政府信任研究現狀 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 中國傳統文化與政府信任 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 規則意識與權利意識 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 差序政府信任 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 政府信任與政治參與 --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- 本章小結 --- p.45 / Chapter 第3章 --- 數據描述 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- 數據介紹 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2 --- 描述性分析 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 政府信任在地區間的差異 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 政府信任在地區間的分佈特點 --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- 本章小結 --- p.54 / Chapter 第4章 --- 回歸模型分析 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1 --- 單層線性回歸模型 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 變量 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 回歸分析 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- 雙層線性回歸模型 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 個體層次變量 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 分層次線性模型的構建 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3 --- 本章小結 --- p.89 / Chapter 第5章 --- 討論 --- p.91 / Chapter 5.1 --- 政府信任影響因素在區域間的變異 --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2 --- 發達地區居民不相信政府的啟示 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 傳統政治信任體系將難以為繼 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 差序政府信任的產生和消亡 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- 作為自變量的政府信任 --- p.126 / Chapter 5.4 --- 本章小結 --- p.137 / Chapter 第6章 --- 結論 --- p.140 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 訪談對象列表 --- p.143 / Chapter 附錄二： --- 本研究所涉及的2008年China Survey的問題 --- p.147 / Chapter 附錄三： --- 73個縣/區以地方政府信任為自變量的截距和斜率 --- p.150 / Chapter 附錄四： --- 與論文相關的非學術性文檔列表 --- p.152 / 參考文獻 --- p.157

本文主要分析了海原县在实现现代化的发展过程中，国家如何利用权力和空间来主导现代化。同时，也以此为主题，分析了农民在国家主导的现代化过程中，如何做出反应。 / 本文将研究集中在现代化与发展这样的背景下，用权力和空间这样的核心概念，来分析国家与回族民众之间的关系，从而来推出在中国国家话语下，现代化的实践，农民所采取的各种应对方式，不是以挑战国家权威，或者有意与国家做对这样一套路径来看待中国国家与农民之间的关系，而是更应该交往全面、宽幅度、更为厚实地去看待国家和农民的关系。农民并非一味地反对，也不是完全地接受，农民往往是在更为理性的层面，根据具体问题而采取相应的应对。应对，有些是明显且看得见的应对，有些是隐藏的不易发觉的应对。所以，完全用农民本来就要反对国家，或者说，农民与国家是二元对立的不可调和的矛盾关系，显然有些过度解释了农民的行为和思想。 / 本文以"农民进城、"新农村建设、"面子工程"和反对县城搬迁这样一些具体的个案，从农民对待国家政策的微弱难以明显看出到强烈地应对县城搬迁这样一些多层次的个案，来考量了国家在主导现代化的政策中，政绩与自我利益作为隐藏话语，而从对农民有好处，帮助农民发展早日摆贫困为公开话语，来促成各项政策的落实。农民在这些不同的背景下，用属于并适合自己作为农民、回族、伊斯兰教信徒等身份来维护自己的利益。总而言之，整个论文以田野调查为方法，着重分析了发展背景下的地方政治和民众的应对战略，同时也分析了国家与民族之间复杂的社会关系。 / This thesis studies the roles of the state in the modernization of Haiyuan in Ningxia, China, and analyses state power and the state use of space. Also analyzed is how ordinary people respond to state power in this state-led modernization. / Focusing on the background of modernization and development, I shall study the multi-layers of relations between the State and Hui Muslim civilians, so as to show that, under the discourse of the State, their responses to the state are not simply challenging state power, but are more complex in this relations between the state and the people based on concrete situations. Some of their tactics of resistance are visible while others are hidden. This it is simplistic to view the state and the civilians as in direct opposition. / By studying concrete cases of farmers moving into the county seat, the government building a"new village, the government's "beautifying project and the people's resistance to the relocation of the county seat, this thesis examines the weak and strong resistance of the people. This study analyzes how the state manipulates the policies and the processes of modernization for political interests, which are hidden behind political discourses about helping the poor out of poverty. The state seeks to implement its policies, while the Hui civilians use their relevant peasant, Hui and Muslim identities to protect their own interests. Overall the thesis uses ethnographic approach to highlight the local politics of development and the people's tactics of resistance as well as the complex relationship between the state and the people. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 馬建福. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-205) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ma Jianfu. / l摘要 --- p.1 / ABSTRACT --- p.3 / 致谢 --- p.4 / 地图 --- p.5 / Chapter 地图一 --- 调研省份宁夏在中国版图中的位置 --- p.5 / Chapter 地图二 --- 宁夏地图及各市县分布（来源：来自矢量地图） --- p.6 / Chapter 地图三 --- 海原县在整个宁夏的地理位置（来源：谷歌截图自己制作） --- p.7 / Chapter 地图四 --- 本文研究调查点分布 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一章 --- 导言 --- p.9 / 引言 --- p.9 / 研究主题与研究问题 --- p.18 / 相关理论与研究范围 --- p.24 / 研究地点 --- p.40 / 研究方法 --- p.45 / 论文的结构与框架 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二章 --- 海原县的现代化历程：民族志的视角 --- p.50 / 引言 --- p.50 / 走进“现代化的海原 --- p.56 / 历史话语中的现实映射：一个需要开发和搬迁的地方 --- p.59 / 天灾人祸与故土难离：地震灾难后的记忆 --- p.62 / “现代化的历史过程 --- p.70 / 国家框架下的居民：回民、汉族 --- p.72 / 三种权力体系下的社会组织 --- p.77 / 本章小结 --- p.78 / Chapter 第三章 --- 社区移植的发展与政治 --- p.80 / 引言 --- p.80 / 县城的变化 --- p.81 / 搬进县城的人 --- p.86 / 在县城与农村之间 --- p.95 / 另类迁移：一切为了孩子？ --- p.99 / 本章小结 --- p.105 / Chapter 第四章 --- 面子工程、发展与民众应对 --- p.107 / 引言 --- p.107 / 面子工程：建在店面门前的围护墙 --- p.109 / 面子工程：一个“拆字千家泪 --- p.115 / 面子工程：刷了颜色的墙 --- p.121 / 本章小结 --- p.124 / Chapter 第五章 --- 县城搬迁、发展与民众应对 --- p.126 / 引言 --- p.126 / 县城搬迁前的故事：作为发展的解释 --- p.130 / 搬迁与应对：弱者武器的施展 --- p.139 / 善后处理：带头者的拘留 --- p.150 / 本章小结 --- p.152 / Chapter 第六章 --- 宗教与民众应对 --- p.155 / 引言 --- p.155 / 在农村与城市之间：进退两难的回族人 --- p.155 / 王井新村的生活：没有清真寺的应对 --- p.162 / 新农村建设中的宗教应对 --- p.164 / 国家治理与共谋：宗教领袖的安抚和提升 --- p.171 / 老少边穷与回族身份：农民应对的工具 --- p.173 / 教主与信众：权力利用与关系应对 --- p.175 / 本章小结 --- p.177 / Chapter 第七章 --- 总结 --- p.180 / 现代化与发展的政治逻辑 --- p.181 / 国家主导下的空间生产与社会关系的重构 --- p.182 / 权力与国家治理：代理人的作用 --- p.184 / 变化不断的现代化：社会关系的重塑 --- p.186 / 治理与应对的人类学反思 --- p.189 / 空间生产与权力形塑社会关系 --- p.193 / 治理术、国家与民众 --- p.194 / 参考文献 --- p.196 / [中文文献] --- p.196 / [英文文献] --- p.198

謝曉輝. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 242-252). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 242-252). / Xie Xiaohui.

The ways of organizing political problem solving in society are not static. A pluralistic dynamic society requires a continious reconsideration and adaption of its political in­stitutions, i.e. political institutionalization. Institutiona­lization demands prior organizing activities among actors for political aims. Organizing activities can be seen both inter­nally, externally or between existing organisations and in­stitutions . The degree of institutionalization reflects the organizing activities' survival capacity. The higher the degree of in­stitutionalization the more likely it is that the organizing activity will become a formally based organisation or institu­tion, or will change the dominating values of organisations or institutions. The degree of institutionalization is discussed using the concepts of adaptability, complexity, autonomy and flexibility. The thesis represents a problem-oriented implementation approach where individuals' joint ways of organizing problem- solving are the basis for analysis of both policy-realization and political institutionalization. Policy is defined as ideas and the ways of creating institutional arrangements in order to realize them. A "policy-problem", defined as the empirical question answered by examining the process of institutionali­zation, is used to study the policy-processes in the field of occupational safety and health. The ways in which individuals collectively organize in order to create a good working environment are studied using the concept of implementation structures. These are defined as phenomenological administrative units of analysis, i.e. groups of individuals empirically judged to take part in solving the policy problem. / digitalisering@umu