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Development of a Student-Centred Evaluation Framework for Environmental Vocational Education and Training Courses. Development and validation of a Student-Centred Evaluation Framework for Environmental Vocational Education and Training Courses derived from Biggs' 3P Model and Kirkpatrick's Four Levels Evaluation Model.Draper, Fiona J. January 2012 (has links)
Individuals and organisations need to do much more if sustainable
development is to be achieved. Appropriate environmental vocational
education and training (EVET) is essential for current decision makers.
Crucial decisions need to be made before the present generation of school
and college students achieve significant positions of authority. An increasing
range of EVET courses and course providers are available within the UK.
However, availability is not synonymous with suitability for either the attendee
and/or his/her (future) employer. Previous research indicates that, as a
component of lifelong learning, EVET courses should and the methods used
to evaluate them should be student-centred.
This thesis describes the development and validation of a new studentcentred
evaluation framework. Preliminary literature reviews identified six
fundamental issues which needed to be addressed. Existing academically
productive evaluation models were examined and critically appraised in the
context of these problems. The output from this process was used to develop
a bespoke research methodology. Empirical research on four commercial
EVET programmes revealed distinct personal, teaching and work-based
presage factors which influenced course attendance, individual learning and
subsequent organisational learning. Modified versions of Biggs' 3P model
and Kirkpatrick's Four level Evaluation Model were shown to provide an
effective student-centred evaluation framework for EVET courses. Additional
critical elements pertaining course utility and the student's long(er) term
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retention of knowledge/skill were derived from previous research by Alliger et
al (1997). Work-based presage factors and the student¿s return on
expectation were added as a direct consequence of this research. The
resultant new framework, the Presage-Product Evaluation Framework, was
positively received during an independent validation. This confirmed inter alia
that the framework should also be capable of adaption for use with other VET
courses. Recommendations for additional research focus on the need to
demonstrate this through further empirical studies.
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EXPLORING WAYS TO SUPPORT PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES / SUPPORTING PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESMonika Novak Pavlic January 2022 (has links)
Family-centred service (FCS), which acknowledges the importance of family engagement in therapeutic processes and focuses on needs of all family members, is increasingly being recognized as an optimal care delivery model for families of children with developmental disabilities. However, services for families are oftentimes ‘child-centric’, wherein family members are seen as partners in therapy or care delivery only, while their own or family needs are not addressed. This arises from the lack of awareness of complex and highly individual family needs by professionals with whom they interact, but also from a significant lack of services oriented toward parent-specific needs in current delivery models. This thesis aims to address this knowledge gap and provides solutions for parental support in the context of pediatric developmental rehabilitation, which might also be applicable to other settings (e.g., community, education). The objectives of this thesis were: (a) to conduct a systematic review synthesizing randomized controlled trials aiming to address parents’ physical, psychological and socioeconomic well-being; (b) to perform cross-cultural and language adaptation and proof-of-concept pilot exploration of an innovative, strengths-based support program ‘ENabling VISions And Growing Expectation’ (ENVISAGE) for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in Croatia; (c) to refine the Croatian version of the program according to the pilot study results; (d) to run the first set of ENVISAGE workshops and evaluate their impact on Croatian parents’ perception of self, their child with a disability and their family; and (e) to learn about participants’ experience with the program. The findings show that interventions aiming to improve parents’ well-being have limited but promising effectiveness on parents’ health and well-being outcomes. ENVISAGE has proven to be a comprehensive, acceptable, usable, feasible and impactful program for parents of children with developmental disabilities in Croatia. / Dissertation / Doctor of Science (PhD) / Parents raising children with developmental disabilities have unique challenges in their parenting role, which might impact their health and well-being. However, there has been very little focus on parental and family needs in the context of pediatric developmental rehabilitation. Parents are often expected to focus on their child’s issues when their own support needs are usually also significant. This thesis aimed to address this research and practice gap through: a) evaluating best quality evidence on how to support parental well-being; and b) piloting a novel ‘early intervention’ support program for parents of children with disabilities, ‘ENabling VISions And Growing Expectation’ (ENVISAGE), in a new culture and language setting, Croatia. These findings have implications for spreading awareness of innovative programs to improve well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities in various sectors (e.g., healthcare, community).
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Jag känner mig inte som den person jag brukade vara : En litteraturöversikt om personers upplevelse av att leva med hjärtsviktGlennborn, Angela, Salkanovic, Sanita January 2016 (has links)
Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en vanligt förekommande kronisk sjukdom, som ökar runt om i världen i takt med att befolkningen blir äldre. Personen som drabbas måste lära sig att leva med och hantera sjukdomen, då det dagliga livet kommer att påverkas. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med hjärtsvikt. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på 12 stycken kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Data samlades in via Medline och CINAHL samt sekundärsökning. Dataanalys utfördes enligt Fribergs metod. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem kategorier som beskriver personers upplevelser av att leva med hjärtsvikt; ett förändrat liv, känna trygghet och stöd, begränsningar i vardagslivet, osäker framtid och att vara beroende av vård. Slutsats: Personer som lever med hjärtsvikt får en förändrad livssituation som påverkar dem fysiskt, psykiskt, socialt och existentiellt. Att personerna känner trygghet i sin vardag krävs för hantering av sjukdomen. Kliniska implikationer: Sjuksköterskan ska informera och vägleda personen i sin sjukdom, samt hjälpa personen att hitta resurser för att klara av vardagen och sin livssituation. / Background: Heart failure is a common chronic disease, increasing around the world as the population gets older. The person who is affected must learn to live with and manage the disease, since the daily life will be affected. Aim: To describe persons’ experiences of living with heart failure. Method: A literature study based on 12 scientific qualitative articles. Medline, CINAHL and secondary search was used to collect data. Fribergs analyze method was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis resulted in five categories that describe persons’ experiences of living with heart failure; a changed life, feeling secure and supported, limitations in daily life, uncertain future and being dependent on care. Conclusion: People living with heart failure have a changed life situation that affects them physically, mentally, socially and existentially. For these people to feel secure in their daily life it is required of them to cope with the disease. Clinical implications: The nurse must inform and guide the person in their illness, help the person find resources to cope with everyday life and their life situation.
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Conceptions of teaching and teaching practices in relation to student-centred instruction in selected Ethiopian universitiesAdinew Tadesse Degago 04 1900 (has links)
The study explored instructors' conceptions of teaching and their teaching practices in four Ethiopian universities in the light of the existing calls for the employment of student-centred approach to teaching in higher education in Ethiopia. The study was grounded on the assumption that instructors are unlikely to adopt student-centred approach to teaching unless their conceptions of teaching are developed and/or unless the teaching environment is supportive. To address the objective of the study, data were collected using a mixed methods research design using a sequential exploratory strategy. Based on this strategy, data were obtained first qualitatively from 20 instructors through interviews and classroom observations and then quantitatively from 160 instructors and 170 students through questionnaires. The data from the interviews and the classroom observations were analysed qualitatively using a phenomenographic approach and content analysis respectively whereas the data from the questionnaires were analysed statistically using SPSS. From this, frequencies, mean scores and percentages were computed in order to summarise and interpret responses. In addition, independent samples test and one-way ANOVA were applied to examine the differences in conceptions of and approaches to teaching among instructors. Furthermore, Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationship between instructors‟ conceptions of teaching and their teaching practices. From the results, it was found that instructors‟ conceptions of teaching in the four universities incline towards the student-centred conception of teaching though there were also instructors whose conceptions of teaching were the traditional teacher-centred. Regarding teaching practices, although the instructors claimed that their teaching practices were student-centred, the results of the study appear to suggest that meaningful instructional practices were still under the influence of the traditional conception of teaching. In addition, numerous factors were found to be impeding the proper implementation of student-centred instruction including the background of the students, the instructors‟ obsession with lecturing and lack of enabling environment. Based on the findings, teaching improvement programs that develop instructors‟ conceptions of teaching were suggested. Furthermore, a supportive environment that enables instructors to translate their changed conceptions of teaching into their teaching practices was recommended. Finally, recommendations for further studies were provided. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)
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An investigation on how the child centred approach is applied in the teaching of Natural Science in Johannesburg East schoolsMadlela, Benkosi 11 1900 (has links)
The study investigated how the child centred approach is applied in teaching Natural Science (NS) in Johannesburg East schools. Most attention was paid on which teaching methods were used and how they were used to teach NS. Data was collected from 5 randomly selected schools in Johannesburg East through observations of Natural Science teachers teaching, and focus group discussion with them. Data presentation and analysis revealed that NS teachers who participated in the study used a limited range of child centred teaching methods. They only used experiments, class activities, as well as question and answer method. Literature review revealed that there are numerous child centred teaching methods that NS teachers can use. Some of these methods are brainstorming, discussions, games, group/pair work, field trips, case studies and assignments, using Information and Communication Technology (ICT), debates and facilitation. The majority of teachers still used the out-dated lecture method contrary to the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) 2012 documents that call for an end in the use of traditional teaching methods such as the lecture method. The study also revealed that there are certain challenges and factors that inhibit the implementation of the child centred approach in NS. These challenges among others include the teacher centred curriculum which dictates the pace and content to the child, lack of adequate NS resources, big volumes of learners in classes, different abilities, talents, interests and skills possessed by learners, learners’ lack of discipline, as well as shortage of qualified NS teachers. All these were seen as inhibiting factors in the implementation of the child centred approach in NS. The study among other recommendations recommended that, in order for the child centred approach to be implemented successfully the Ministry of Basic Education should develop a child centred curriculum that does not dictate the pace to the child. The Ministry as well should come up with a specific or customised child centred approach model that is relevant to NS as a subject, in-service all NS teachers and empower them with the child centred teaching methods, principles and strategies, capacitate all schools with all necessary resources such as qualified NS teachers as well as relevant chemicals, materials, apparatus and information and communication technology infrastructure designated for NS. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)
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The current role of the chiropractor in the patient-centered approach to stress managementDeonarain, Jitesh January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current role of the
Chiropractor in the Patient-Centred Approach to Stress Management.
Methods: Chiropractors were contacted telephonically in order to discuss a
convenient time in which they are free to receive the questionnaire at their
practice. The questionnaire was developed specifically for this particular research
project and verified through the use of a focus group and pilot testing. The
researcher waited outside the room whilst the Chiropractor completed the
questionnaire. The questionnaire was then collected after completion prior the
researcher leaving the practice, in order to improve the return of the
questionnaires.
Results: Seventy-five percent of chiropractors, in the study indicated that they
took a psychosocial history which may indicate that they utilised the fundamental
biopsychosocial theme of ‘patient-centeredness’. 68.9% of chiropractors who
took a psychosocial history indicated that they are equipped with the necessary
skills to evaluate psychosocial stressors in patients and 55.6% indicated that
their patients responded ‘Very Positively’ to their stress management protocols.
All the Chiropractors in the study indicated that they had consulted patients who
had associated their main complaint with stress related issues. 38.3% of
Chiropractors felt that their patients ‘Often’ associated their main complaint with
stress-related issues whilst 35% felt that their patients ‘Very Often’ relate their
main complaint with stress-related issues. Muscle spasm (85%) was the most
common symptom or sign found or elicited in a patient suffering with chronic
stress. Referral was the most common primary method of treatment with 36% of
Chiropractors utilising this method in the clinical setting when dealing with a
stressed patient.
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Conclusion: Chiropractors in the study indicated that they took a psychosocial
history therefore they utilised the fundamental biopsychosocial theme of ‘patientcenteredness’
and that the majority indicated that they are equipped with the
necessary skills to evaluate psychosocial stressors in patients and that patients
responded positively to their stress management protocols.
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Creature comforts : an exploration of comfort in the homeBurris, Andrea January 2014 (has links)
In response to climate change, there is a growing need for the UK to reduce carbon emissions in the domestic sector. As a majority of energy consumed within the domestic sector is as a result of space and water heating, research in the field focuses on thermal comfort. The literature on thermal comfort is dominated by an examination of the physiological aspects, and although the influences of psychological and socio-cultural aspects are often recognised, their relationship to the physiological aspects is not fully understood. Additionally, the literature typically studies various elements of comfort (e.g. thermal, acoustic, lighting, etc.) in isolation to each other rather than taking a holistic approach which would mirror how they are experienced in the real world and identify potential associations. As a result, this thesis explores the multi-dimensions of comfort in the domestic environment. This research begins by taking a user-centred approach to exploring UK householders perspectives of comfort in the home. Through interviewing householders, the findings revealed householders attributed a wide scope of factors to their own experience of comfort, from aesthetics to feeling secure in their home; the findings highlighted the significance of psychological factors to householders comfort. The following stage involved a focused and in-depth exploration of the psychological dimensions of domestic comfort through photo elicitation interviews. The findings supported the presence of four intertwined psychological dimensions and further established the multidimensional nature of comfort. The final study was conducted to establish when comfort and unwinding takes place in householders everyday lives. Through the use of two self-reporting ethnographic tools, namely SenseCams and diaries, householders were observed in their homes. The findings captured householders engaging in various comfort making activities and also demonstrated the value of using self-reporting tools in the home context. In the final stage, a classification of domestic comfort was generated which presents an accumulation of the findings from this research to produce a holistic and multi-dimensional notion of domestic comfort.
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Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att ge personcentrerad vård till personer med demenssjukdom : En litteraturstudie / Nurses’ experience of providing person-centred care to people with dementia – A literature reviewAhlenius, Victoria, Irarrazabal, Maria January 2016 (has links)
Background: Dementia impairs cognitive functions, such as memory and speech, changing a person’s life forever. Providing person-centred care to these persons intend to retain their identities, dignity and autonomy. Such care demands time, devotion and good knowledge of the caring nurse. Dementia is expected to increase in the future and therefore nurses will have to face new challenges. Aim: To describe nurses’ experience of providing person-centred care for people with dementia. Method: A literature review of 15 articles, published between 2009-2016, that have been read and analysed through content-analysis. Results: Nurses experience a positive change in their attitudes, when providing person-centred care to people with dementia, as they gained better understanding of their patients’ dignity and integrity. Education, training and support from management were seen as key factors for providing up-to-date care. Time was viewed as a hindrance for person-centred care, and often led to nurses prioritizing other routines. Two common outcomes of person-centred care were increased satisfaction as well as emotional burnout. Conclusion: Since dementia is increasing and nurses find person-centred care time-consuming, there is a risk of such care becoming poor. To prevent this nurses need good leadership and education. / Bakgrund: Demenssjukdomar försämrar den kognitiva funktionen, så som minne och tal, vilket förändrar en persons liv för alltid. Att ge personcentrerad vård till dessa personer ämnar behålla deras identitet, värdighet och autonomi. En sådan typ av vård kräver tid, hängivenhet och god kunskap av den behandlande sjuksköterskan. I framtiden förväntas alltfler att insjukna i demenssjukdom och sjuksköterskan kommer därför att behöva möta nya utmaningar. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att ge personcentrerad vård till personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie där 15 artiklar, publicerade mellan 2009-2016, har blivit lästa och analyserade genom innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor upplevde en positiv förändring i sin inställning när de gav personcentrerad vård till personer med demenssjukdom. Framförallt då de fick ökad förståelse för deras patienters värdighet och integritet. Utbildning, övning och stöd från ledningen sågs som nyckelfaktorer för att kunna ge aktuell vård. Tiden sågs som ett hinder för personcentrerad vård och ledde ofta till att sjuksköterskorna prioriterade andra rutiner. Två vanliga följder av vårdandet rapporterades vara såväl ökad tillfredsställelse som emotionell utmattning. Konklusion: Eftersom demenssjukdomar ökar och sjuksköterskor finner personcentrerad vård som tidskrävande, finns det en risk att sådan vård fallerar. För att förhindra detta behöver sjuksköterskor gott ledarskap och utbildning.
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Using interactive digital media to engage children on the autistic spectrumWoolner, A. January 2010 (has links)
The incidence of autism is increasing in the U.K., with as many as 1% of children now thought to be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This research explores the potential of emerging interactive digital media to engage children affected by an ASD, and the development of design strategies for future professional work in this field. This is accomplished through a literature and state of the art review, and by working alongside families and professionals involved in the provision of care for children with an ASD. As a a result of this process new artefacts have been created, alongside a design methodology for future work. The research reveals the need for tailorable low arousal sensory environments within mainstream schools to meet the needs of certain members of the pupil population and demonstrates how interactive digital media can be incorporated into such spaces as part of an holistic approach to a child’s school experience. Using digital media modules trained professionals can work with the child, using the media as a point of engagement.
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Hemrehabilitering av personer med diagnosen stroke : -konsensus genom Delhpi-teknikJohansson, Anette January 2014 (has links)
Bakgrund/syfte: Det finns en alltmer ökad fokusering på hemrehabilitering för personer diagnostiserade med stroke. Dock kan utförandet på hemrehabiliteringen variera och det är ännu inte klarlagt hur ett fungerande åtgärdsprogram ska utformas. Syftet var att identifiera vad en hemrehabilitering för personer med stroke bör innehålla utifrån personalens perspektiv i multidisciplinära hemrehabiliteringsteam. Metod: Studien är en deskriptiv studie i enlighet med Delphi-tekniken. Frågeformulär skickades ut via e-mail i 3 rundor till 12 experter bestående av arbetsterapeuter, sjuksköterskor och sjukgymnaster. I Runda 1 fick experterna svara på öppna frågor för att få deras personliga åsikter i ämnet. Frågeformulären i Runda 2 och 3 utformades utifrån svaren från föregående runda där experterna fick markera grad av instämmande på en Likert skala efter varje påstående. Resultat: Sextifyra av 74 påståenden uppnådde en nivå av konsensus på 75 % eller mer. Hemrehabilitering bör innehålla patientens självbestämmande och delaktighet i utformandet. Detta säkerställs av ett klientcentrerat arbetssätt genom samarbete, samverkan och samordning på olika sätt med den sociala omgivningen under rehabiliteringsprocessen. Slutsats: Övergripande komponenter i en hemrehabilitering för personer med stroke är egenmakt, delaktighet och självständighet som uppnås genom det ”det goda teamet” och strategier för samordning. Studiens betydelse: Resultatet i studien kan bidra med värdefull information vid utformandet av hemrehabiliteringsprogram i klinisk verksamhet inom strokerehabilitering. / Background/aim: There is an increasingly focus on home-based rehabilitation for persons diagnosed with stroke. However, rehabilitation in the home environment can be delivered in many different ways and the best way to deliver home-based rehabilitation and its content is not yet clarified in the literature. The aim was to identify what home-based rehabilitation should contain from the perspective of members working in multidisciplinary teams in homes of persons diagnosed with stroke. Methods: The study design was a consensus-building, three-round Delphi survey. Questionnaires were sent by e-mail to a panel of 12 experts including occupational therapists, nurses and physiotherapists. In round 1 the experts were asked to answer open-ended questions to obtain their personal views on the subject. The questionnaire in Round 2 and 3 were built on the results of the previous ones and the experts were asked to mark on a Likert scale the importance of each statement. Results: Sixty-four of 74 statements reached a consensus level of 75% or more. Home-based rehabilitation should contain patient’s autonomy and participation in the rehabilitation program. This is ensured by a client-centred approach characterized by cooperation and interaction with the social environment throughout the rehabilitation process. Conclusions: Overall components in home-based rehabilitation for persons diagnosed with stroke is empowerment, participation and autonomy achieved by ”The good team” and coordination strategies. Significance of the study: The result of the study could be an important source of information when designing home rehabilitation programs for persons with stroke.
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