O césio 137 (137Cs) é um radionuclídeo crítico do ponto de vista radioecológico por apresentar meia-vida física longa (30 anos), um alto rendimento de fissão e ser um análogo químico do sódio e potássio, elementos fiíndamentais para os seres vivos, presentes em grandes concentrações em todas as células. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o acúmulo e eliminação do 137pela alga Gracilária caudata e peixe Abudefduf saxatilis, a partir da água do mar contaminada com esse radionuclídeo e obter as constantes de transferência do 137Cs da água para os respectivos organismos. O Fator de Concentração encontrado para o peixe foi de 5,6 ± 0,2 e para a alga de 13,0 ± 0,6. Com 7 e 22 dias, o peixe e a alga, respectivamente eliminaram a metade da quantidade do radionuclídeo acumulado. Para o peixe, também foi verificada a sua eficiência de ingestão para o 137Cs, a partir do alimento contaminado, sendo que o peixe assimilou apenas 47,6% do 137Cs presente no alimento e, com 4 dias já havia eliminado mais da metade da radioatividade ingerida. Foi proposto um modelo tri-compartimental para explicar a distribuição do 137Cs nos compartimentos (água - alga e água - peixe). Os dados obtidos nos experimentos de acúmulo e eliminação do 137Cs foram aplicados no Programa AnaComp, que permite a análise compartimental, quantificando através das constantes de transferência (k) a distribuição do 137Cs da água do mar para os organismos e vice-versa. O Programa AnaComp também permitiu calcular a dose que o homem receberia com o consumo do peixe contaminado com o referido radionuclídeo. Foram verificados os níveis de 137Cs, proveniente do fenômeno fallout, em amostras ambientais, da região de São Sebastião, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, onde está localizado o Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo - CEBIMar - USP. / From the ecological point of view, 137Cs is a critical radionuclide because its physical halflife is long (30 years), and it has a high fission yield. Besides, it presents similar characteristics to sodium and potassium, fundamental elements for the living organisms, in great concentration in all cells. This work has as aim to study the 137Cs accumulation and elinunatjon by the alga Gracilaria caudata and by the fish Abudefduf saxatilis as well as to obtain the transfer constants of the 137Cs fi-om the water into the organisms. The concentration factor found for the fish was 5.6 ± 0.2 and for the alga, 13.0 ± Q.6. With 7 and 22 days, the fish and alga respectively had already ehminated naif of ihe accumulated radionuclide. The 137Cs ingestion efficiency by the fish was also studied and it was verified that the fish assimilated only 47.6 % of the cesium content in the food; and within of 4 days it had eliminated more than half of ingested cesium. A compartimental model was proposed to explain the distribution of cesium in the compartiments (water - alga and water - fish). Data obtained fi-om the experiments of 137Cs accumulation and elimination were applied in the AnaComp Program. This program permits the compartimental analysis, and quantifies the cesium distribution from the sea-water to the organisms, and vice versa, through the transfer constants (k). The AnaComp Program also allowed to calculate the dose that one would receive by the consumption of fish contaminated by cesium. Levels of 137Cs fi-om the global fallout in environmental samples, from São Sebastião, northerm coast of São Paulo, (where the \"Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo - CEBIMar - USP\" is located), were verified.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Freire Nunes.pdf: 9223555 bytes, checksum: 727e689aec4609cbe403ed62b05a1443 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / Healthy radio-exposed individuals, who received low levels of Cesium-137 radiation, during the accident that happened in Goiania, in 1987 and their familiars were tested for the detection of t(14;18) rearranged B cells in peripheral blood, using a high sensitive real-time quantitative PCR method. Also were tested a control group comprised of healthy non exposed age matched men. The chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is characteristic of Follicular Lymphoma and it is a frequent abnormality in other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This translocation leads to constitutive activation of the BCL2 oncogene by the enhancers of the immunoglobulin heavy chain loco. T(14;18) translocation constitute the genetic hallmark and early initiating event of Follicular Lymphoma. In healthy individuals, the same translocation may also be found in a small fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes and positive cells might serve as an indicator for environmental exposure to carcinogens and possibly correlate with the cumulative risk of developing t(14;18)-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Eight healthy radio-exposed, five relatives including three children, and four not exposed healthy men were tested for the detection of this translocation. Only one unexposed individual from the control group was positive for the chromosomal translocation, healthy radio-exposed individuals presented lower levels of cells bearing the BCL-2/JH rearrangement when compared to the levels of the patients with Follicular Lymphoma before treatment, however, test more cells would be required to confirm the total absence of circulating cells bearing the rearrangement BCL2/JH. / Indivíduos radioexpostos saudáveis que receberam acidentalmente baixas doses de radiação ionizante de Césio -137 no acidente ocorrido em Goiânia em 1987 e familiares, foram testados neste trabalho para a presença de células B em sangue periférico apresentando a translocação t(14;18) MBR. Da mesma maneira foram testados voluntários sem histórico de exposição à radiação ionizante, componentes de um grupo controle. Foi utilizado um método de PCR quantitativo em tempo real muito sensível. A translocação cromossômica t(14;18)(q31; q21) é característica de Linfomas Foliculares e é uma anormalidade freqüente em outros Linfomas não Hodgkin. Esta translocação acarreta em uma ativação constitutiva do oncogene BCL2 por uma região do gene de imunoglobulina de cadeia pesada. A ocorrência da translocação é considerada um evento marcante e inicial para o desenvolvimento de Linfoma Folicular. Em indivíduos saudáveis a mesma translocação pode ser encontrada em pequenas frações dentre os linfócitos de sangue periférico. As células translocadas são importantes referências para exposição ambiental à carcinógenos e possivelmente podem ser correlacionadas ao risco acumulativo de desenvolvimento de Linfoma não Hodgkin t(14;18) positivo. Oito radio expostos, cinco familiares e quatro voluntários não expostos foram testados para a detecção desta translocação cromossômica. Não foram encontras células t(14;18) MBR nos radioexpostos e familiares. Apenas um indivíduo não exposto pertencente ao grupo controle apresentou o rearranjo BCL2/JH, assim foi possível determinar com o estudo que os radioexpostos e familiares não apresentam freqüência da célula B t(14;18) similares das encontradas em média no sangue periférico de indivíduos com Linfoma Folicular antes do tratamento segundo outros estudos, entretanto apenas testando maiores quantidades de DNA de cada indivíduo será possível determinar abstenção total de células portando o rearranjo BCL2/JH

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-11-09T12:22:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GERALDO DA COSTA JÚNIOR.pdf: 8344933 bytes, checksum: 699cc78030b30d10a7d4d26a5694a627 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T12:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GERALDO DA COSTA JÚNIOR.pdf: 8344933 bytes, checksum: 699cc78030b30d10a7d4d26a5694a627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / This dissertation has the objective of analyze the journalistic reports published by the newspaper Correio Braziliense about the radiation accident happened in 1987 in the city of Goiania with the chemical element called Cesium 137. This was the second largest urban radioactive accident of humanity. The circumstances of the accident and how this led to profound and tragic changes in the lives of residents directly and indirectly involved in this case were analyzed. The study was based on journalistic reports that accompanied the event for two decades. This work shows the changes in the journalistic speech over time and compare the firsts reports in 1987 with the lasts in 2007, what demonstrate how the memory is being lost and forgetfulness taking place. The dissertation was structured, besides journalistic reports, by bibliographic research about Cesium 137 and associated events with the accident, distributed in three chapters. The first chapter discuss the accident history. The second chapter brings a brief historic about Correio Braziliense and then shows analysis about the Cesium reports published in the newspaper. The third chapter analyze the speech change between the firsts journalistic reports and the special report of 20 years later the Cesium accident. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar matérias jornalísticas que foram divulgadas pelo Jornal Correio Braziliense sobre o acidente radioativo acontecido no ano de 1987, na cidade de Goiânia, com o elemento químico denominado Césio 137. Este foi considerado o segundo maior acidente radioativo urbano da humanidade. Foram analisadas as circunstâncias do acidente e de que forma este provocou profundas e trágicas mudanças nas vidas dos moradores envolvidos direta e indiretamente neste caso. O estudo se baseou em reportagens e matérias jornalísticas que acompanharam o acontecimento por duas décadas e visa mostrar as mudanças nos discursos jornalísticos no decorrer do tempo, comparando as primeiras matérias em 1987 com as últimas em 2007, para apontar como a memória foi se perdendo e o esquecimento se instalando em forma de valorização da dor, do sofrimento, em vez do fato. A dissertação foi estruturada, além das matérias jornalísticas, por pesquisas bibliográficas sobre o césio 137 e os acontecimentos relacionados com o acidente, distribuídos em três capítulos. O primeiro relata a história do acidente com o Césio 137; o segundo traz breve histórico sobre o Correio Braziliense e apresenta análises das matérias publicadas neste jornal sobre o Césio; o terceiro analisa a mudança de discurso entre as primeiras matérias jornalísticas e as reportagens especiais por ocasião dos 20 anos do acidente.

O césio 137 (137Cs) é um radionuclídeo crítico do ponto de vista radioecológico por apresentar meia-vida física longa (30 anos), um alto rendimento de fissão e ser um análogo químico do sódio e potássio, elementos fiíndamentais para os seres vivos, presentes em grandes concentrações em todas as células. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o acúmulo e eliminação do 137pela alga Gracilária caudata e peixe Abudefduf saxatilis, a partir da água do mar contaminada com esse radionuclídeo e obter as constantes de transferência do 137Cs da água para os respectivos organismos. O Fator de Concentração encontrado para o peixe foi de 5,6 ± 0,2 e para a alga de 13,0 ± 0,6. Com 7 e 22 dias, o peixe e a alga, respectivamente eliminaram a metade da quantidade do radionuclídeo acumulado. Para o peixe, também foi verificada a sua eficiência de ingestão para o 137Cs, a partir do alimento contaminado, sendo que o peixe assimilou apenas 47,6% do 137Cs presente no alimento e, com 4 dias já havia eliminado mais da metade da radioatividade ingerida. Foi proposto um modelo tri-compartimental para explicar a distribuição do 137Cs nos compartimentos (água - alga e água - peixe). Os dados obtidos nos experimentos de acúmulo e eliminação do 137Cs foram aplicados no Programa AnaComp, que permite a análise compartimental, quantificando através das constantes de transferência (k) a distribuição do 137Cs da água do mar para os organismos e vice-versa. O Programa AnaComp também permitiu calcular a dose que o homem receberia com o consumo do peixe contaminado com o referido radionuclídeo. Foram verificados os níveis de 137Cs, proveniente do fenômeno fallout, em amostras ambientais, da região de São Sebastião, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, onde está localizado o Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo - CEBIMar - USP. / From the ecological point of view, 137Cs is a critical radionuclide because its physical halflife is long (30 years), and it has a high fission yield. Besides, it presents similar characteristics to sodium and potassium, fundamental elements for the living organisms, in great concentration in all cells. This work has as aim to study the 137Cs accumulation and elinunatjon by the alga Gracilaria caudata and by the fish Abudefduf saxatilis as well as to obtain the transfer constants of the 137Cs fi-om the water into the organisms. The concentration factor found for the fish was 5.6 ± 0.2 and for the alga, 13.0 ± Q.6. With 7 and 22 days, the fish and alga respectively had already ehminated naif of ihe accumulated radionuclide. The 137Cs ingestion efficiency by the fish was also studied and it was verified that the fish assimilated only 47.6 % of the cesium content in the food; and within of 4 days it had eliminated more than half of ingested cesium. A compartimental model was proposed to explain the distribution of cesium in the compartiments (water - alga and water - fish). Data obtained fi-om the experiments of 137Cs accumulation and elimination were applied in the AnaComp Program. This program permits the compartimental analysis, and quantifies the cesium distribution from the sea-water to the organisms, and vice versa, through the transfer constants (k). The AnaComp Program also allowed to calculate the dose that one would receive by the consumption of fish contaminated by cesium. Levels of 137Cs fi-om the global fallout in environmental samples, from São Sebastião, northerm coast of São Paulo, (where the \"Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo - CEBIMar - USP\" is located), were verified.

The objective of this study was to determine the origin of sediment currently collected in Black Lake, an extremely productive salmon fishing environment located along a remote section of the Alaska Peninsula, AK. To meet the goals of this project, soil cores were collected at the site during an extensive field study. The field investigation was based on a prior numerical study, which revealed the most erodible areas and the hydrologic patterns in Black Lake and its tributaries, namely the Alec River. From this study, select locations of the catchment were chosen for coring. These included the Alec River Delta, Black Lake, and four tributaries in the catchment. These samples were analyzed for the radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb to determine soil deposition rates using Gamma Spectroscopy. To determine the sedimentation rate of each coring location, spikes in the 137Cs activity were connected to the known cesium deposition peak in 1964 and the depth of soil above the peak was divided by the number of years that have passed. This gave a spatially averaged deposition rate within the lake of roughly 0.25 cm/y. This result closely compared to the numerical study of Elhakeem and Papanicolaou (2008) and to a study done in close proximity to Black Lake in the early 1990s (Stihler et al. 1992). The rate of each location was then validated by visually analyzing each core using soil color demarcation lines to determine the soil composition. This analysis resulted in the discovery of a variety of soil types ranging from silts and clays, to coarse sands, to volcanic tephra. It was concluded that the lake flow patterns, the introduction of volcanic material from nearby Mt. Veniaminof, and back water resulting from deposition occurring down stream of Black Lake at the Black River's junction with the West Fork River are some of the main contributors for the deposition in the lake.

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Caesium-137 is one of the major artificial radioactive elements, whose sources are atmospheric nuclear tests carried out in the 20th century and nuclear power plant incidents such as Chernobyl. Because of uneven precipitation, there were significant differences in radioactive fallout levels in different areas of the Czech Republic during the passage of the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl. Due to the high solubility of Caesium-137 in water and easy distribution in the environment, there is contamination of the lower soil levels where the plant root systems are located. The aim of this work is to collect soil samples from selected localities, where in 1986 significant contamination was detected as originating from Chernobyl, determination of their Caesium-137 content by gamma semiconductor spectrometry and comparison depending on the type of soil. The research question was set as: Does Caesium-137 content differ in different soil types? As part of this study, samples of uncultivated agricultural land and forest land were collected from layers 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm in Kvilda, Zadov and Churanov. For comparison, results were also collected from a locality where the radioactive fallout was not so significant. This locality is around the village Straz nad Nezarkou, which is found on the protected nature reserves of Trebon. From the results of measuring the soil it was found that even after thirty years since the Chernobyl disaster occurred, Caesium-137 is still found in the upper layers of soils, specifically to depths of 5 cm. The highest specific activity of Caesium-137 was measured in the forest soils in Zadov at depths of 0-5 cm (364 Bq.kg-1) from the total range of all samples, 2,24 Bq.kg-1 to 364 Bq.kg-1. The highest specific activity of potassium K-40 was measured in uncultivated agricultural land in the locality of Kvilda at depths of 0-5 cm (883 Bq.kg-1).

The first part of thesis is engaged in explanation of some basic concepts regarding an elected topic: radioactivity, isotope, nuclide, halftime, gamaspectrometry etc. In the second part I deal with element cesium and influence of the Chernobyl accident. The final part processes questions of cesium - 137 in wood ecosystem. It is mainly concerned with research and gamaspectrometric measurement of wood substance, bark and samples of soil. In practical part (it is one part of the final part) I made taking of samples (especially soil from the depth 0-5 cm, soil from the depth 5 - 20 cm, wood substance and forest planting) from some localities above all the South Bohemian Region and next their gamaspectrometric measurement (quantitative analysis of cesium - 137 in wood ecosystem) at SÚJB in České Budějovice according to methodology.Measured values of cesium - 137 in samples were relatively low and its impact on the health of our population is in regard to other sources of ionizing radiance insignificant. The supposed hypothesis was herewith confirmed.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP