La malhonnêteté académique au cours d’épreuves présente des enjeux importants quant à l’intégrité des évaluations. La présence des TIC étant de plus en plus importante en cours de passation dans les épreuves, il est important avec ce mode de récolte de données d’assurer un niveau de sécurité égal ou même supérieur à celui présent lorsqu’un mode de récolte de données traditionnel, le papier-crayon, est utilisé. Il existe plusieurs recherches sur l’utilisation des TIC dans l’évaluation, mais peu d’entre elles traitent des modalités de sécurité lors de l’utilisation des TIC. Dans ce mémoire, treize organisations québécoises ont été rencontrées: six qui utilisaient les TIC dans la passation, cinq qui utilisaient le papier-crayon dans la passation mais qui désiraient utiliser les TIC et deux qui utilisaient le papier-crayon et qui ne désiraient pas utiliser les TIC. Les organisations sont des établissements d’enseignement (primaire, secondaire, collégial, universitaire), des entreprises privées, des organismes gouvernementaux ou municipaux et des ordres professionnels. Des entrevues semi-structurées et une analyse qualitative par présence ou absence de différentes caractéristiques ont permis de documenter les modalités de sécurité liées à la récolte de données en vue de l’évaluation en utilisant les TIC. Ces modalités ont été comparées à celles utilisées lors de l’utilisation du papier-crayon dans la récolte de données en vue de l’évaluation afin de voir comment elles varient lors de l’utilisation des TIC. Les résultats révèlent que l’utilisation des TIC dans la passation complexifie et ajoute des étapes à la préparation des épreuves pour assurer un niveau de sécurité adéquat. Cependant elle permet également de nouvelles fonctions en ce qui concerne le type de questions, l’intégration de multimédia, l’utilisation de questions adaptatives et la génération aléatoire de l’épreuve qui permettent de contrer certaines formes de malhonnêteté académiques déjà présentes avec l’utilisation du papier-crayon dans la passation et pour lesquelles il était difficile d’agir. Toutefois, l’utilisation des TIC dans la passation peut aussi amener de nouvelles possibilités de malhonnêteté académique. Mais si ces dernières sont bien prises en considération, l’utilisation des TIC permet un niveau de sécurité des épreuves supérieur à celui où les données sont récoltées au traditionnel papier-crayon en vue de l’évaluation. / Academic dishonesty in assessments presents important issues regarding its integrity. The presence of ICT being increasingly important in the examinations, it is important with this method of data collection to ensure a level of safety equal to or even higher than the one present when the traditional method of collecting data, the paper and pencil, is used. There are several studies on the use of ICT in assessment, but few of them talks about the security arrangements in the use of ICT. In this study, thirteen Quebec’s organizations were encountered, six of them who used ICT in the assessment, five who used paper and pencil in the assessment but who wished to use ICT and two who used paper and pencil and did not wish to use ICT. The organizations are educational institutions (elementary, high school, college, university), private companies, government or municipal agencies and professional associations. Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative analysis by the presence or absence of different characteristics documented the security arrangements related to data collection for the assessment using ICT. These modalities were compared with those used when there is utilization of paper and pencil in the collection of data to see how they vary when using ICT. The results show that the use of ICT in the assessment makes it more complex and adds steps to the preparation of the examination to ensure an adequate level of security. However, it also allows new features regarding the type of questions, the integration of multimedia, the use of adaptive questions and random generation of test that can counter some forms of academic dishonesty already present with the use of paper and pencil in the assessment and for which it was difficult to act. However, the use of ICT in assessment can also bring new opportunities for academic dishonesty. If these are taken into consideration, the use of ICT allows a higher security level than the assessment where the data were collected with traditional paper-and-pencil.

The purpose of the study was to investigate relationships among 7th grade students&rsquo / personal goal orientations, perceptions of classroom goal structure, and learning related variables of efficacy, self-handicapping strategies, cheating behavior, and science achievement. This study was carried out during 2006-2007 spring semester at 12 public elementary schools in Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren, Ankara. A total of 1950 seventh grade students from 62 classrooms participated in the study. Data were collected through Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales and Science Achievement Test. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analyses were conducted due to the nested structure of data. Results revealed that students who demonstrated high efficacy, high science achievement, low cheating behavior, and low self-handicapping strategies, which were all adaptive learning patterns, had higher mastery goal orientations. Findings regarding performance-approach goal oriented students, focusing on demonstrating their ability, however, were not as straightforward. Performance approach goals were associated with high efficacy and high demonstration of cheating behavior. Class level analyses, on the other hand, revealed that students&rsquo / perception of the classroom goal structure was a significant predictor of personal goal orientations they adopted. While learning environments emphasizing understanding of the material and self-improvement promoted students&rsquo / adoption of mastery goals / learning environments focusing on performance and relative ability of students promoted students&rsquo / adoption of performance-approach goals. The current study, thus, demonstrated the influence of goal structure of the learning environment on students&rsquo / personal goal orientations which in turn found to be related with various learning related variables.

This dissertation analyses discourse on benefit fraud in Sweden between 1990 and 2010. First, it maps general trends in public discourse about benefit fraud. This is done through a content analysis of news reporting about benefit fraud in four Swedish newspapers. This part of the dissertation shows that the number of published news articles about benefit fraud have increased significantly since 1990. Particularly large numbers of articles were published during the middle of the 1990s, and between 2002 and 2006.  Second, a qualitative discourse analysis of talk about benefit fraud in news texts, political debates and government reports is conducted. During periods of intense news coverage about fraud, reporting is often clearly marked by traits generally associated with moral panics; constructing the phenomenon as seemingly more common than it in reality is, constructing cheaters as a threat to the moral fiber of society, and also claiming the need for counter-measures. The qualitative analysis furthermore focuses on how the relation-ships between different subject positions are constructed in the collected material. This part of the analysis shows that fraud discourse in Sweden during the past twenty years have shifted from a dominant focus on alleged cheating among immigrants in the early 1990s, to claims of abuse within the sickness insurance program after 2002. The analysis also shows that benefit fraud is constructed as a political problem using neoliberal discursive strategies that [1] reduce welfare policies to financial costs, [2] constitute benefit claimants as individually responsible for their inability to support themselves through regular work, and [3] articulate the welfare state as an instrument for the moral regulation of citizens.

My diploma thesis entitled: Attitudes of young people to infidelity in partnerships. Infidelity in marriage/partnership is one of the problems in the current family and partnership coexistence. Infidelity induces other socially unwanted phenomena such as a high divorce rate, hostility inside the home, etc. Nowadays, infidelity is no more condemned by society and as a result has become a common feature in our everyday lives. The research part of my diploma thesis is supported by quantitative research, a questioning method and an opinion poll. The research was conducted on a target population consisting of 200 respondents ? 100 unmarried men and 100 unmarried woman aged between 16 and 26. The respondents were students attending a polytechnic institute, junior high school, grammar school and a university in Jindřichův Hradec. Each institution was represented by 50 respondents. The objective of this thesis is to discover the general attitude of high school and university students, both men and women, to the phenomenon of infidelity. Two hypotheses were set in connection with the pursued objectives of this thesis: H1 hypothesis ? University students are highly tolerant in respect of infidelity, as are high school students. H2 hypothesis ? Women, contrary to men, state their willingness to forgive their partner their infidelity. The results of the conducted research have shown that no relation between the education level and the willingness to forgive disloyalty to a partner can be proven. This means that the H1 theory could not be reasserted. Futhermore, no relation between the sex and the willingness to forgive a partner?s infidelity could be proven. This means that the H2 hypothesis could not be confirmed either. Based on the results of the conducted research it can be concluded, for example, that the majority of the young people who took part in my research realize that infidelity is wrong. More than half of the respondents admitted that infidelity can simply occur; one fifth of the respondents considered infidelity morally unacceptable. Only less than a third of the respondents stated their willingness to forgive their parner their disloyalty. Most of the young people who answered the questions considered infidelity to be the greatest offence that can be committed in a relationship. Young people were predominantly of the opinion that their partner should confess their infidelity because partners should be honest with each other. Almost half of the respondents would be willing to tolerate their partner?s infidelity provided that it was a one-off case that would never repeat itself. The results of my diploma thesis are to contribute to a better understanding of the attitudes of young people to infidelity.

Technology has wrought paradigmatic shifts in societal, institutional, and individual power to instantly share and collaboratively produce knowledge, influencing the definition and perceived significance of academic ethics (AE), a continually evolving social construct. Student disregard of AE can generate wide-ranging conflicts affecting multiple student-success stakeholders: students, their families, instructors, administrators, schools, employers of graduates, and society. Dominant AE higher education institutional strategies typically position the individual student as the problem, leaving contextual influences on their academic conduct outside the AE conflict resolution discourse. The researcher conducted an exploratory research study to ascertain undergraduate students' opinions about AE at a university poised to coordinate and consolidate policy for its undergraduate student population--Nova Southeastern University (NSU). NSU recently announced the creation of a new College of Undergraduate Studies (CUS) to establish a single and unified undergraduate identity throughout its six undergraduate degree-conferring schools. Data was collected and analyzed to assess the opinions of exiting NSU undergraduate students': 1) beliefs about AE, 2) familiarity with school policies and rules, 3) perceived AE experience at NSU, and 4) awareness of conflicts generated by disregard of AE standards and objectives. Conflicts resulting from disparate understandings of academic ethics between students, faculty, and administrators can be reduced and prevented through enhanced communication. This study's findings provided a repository of knowledge to inform NSU/CUS institutional AE strategies by giving voice to students, thereby enhancing communication and the conflict resolution potential of institutional initiatives for the benefit of students and student-success stakeholders at NSU and all similarly-structured universities.

Det problem som denna studie fokuserar på är den påverkan Open AI:s nya version av chattboten ChatGPT har på högskoleutbildningen. ChatGPT har fått en enorm spridning bland inte minst universitets- och högskolestudenter och snabbt skapat osäkerhet bland landets utbildningsanordnare. Samtidigt som verktyget ökar möjligheter för inlärning och motivation i studielivet, bidrar det till att minska tröskeln för fusk och plagiarism. Detta ställer krav på lärare att för att ta tillvara möjligheter och minimera risker se över sina undervisnings- och examinationsmetoder. Frågeställningen som valts är: “Hur påverkar ChatGPT den svenska universitets- och högskoleutbildningen sett från lärares perspektiv?”. Metoderna som tillämpades är kvalitativ strategi i form av fenomenologi, som till sin natur är djup och detaljerad. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med videokonferensteknik och analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys. En utforskande urvalsstrategi användes där åtta kursansvariga högskolelärare från sju svenska lärosäten valdes ut slumpmässigt. Resultatet visar att samtliga lärare tycker sig se samt förutspå en påverkan på universitets-och högskoleutbildningen orsakad av ChatGPT. Synen på hur ChatGPT:s påverkan ser ut samt hur möjligheter tas tillvara och hur risker minimeras varierar väldigt mycket. Lärarna uttrycker oroskänslor kopplade till bristande information kring ämnet och önskar tydligare vägledning från skolledningen. Slutsatsen är att ChatGPT:s existens redan har och kommer att påverka den svenska universitets- och högskoleutbildningen på flera vis. Studien visar att det behövs åtgärder på institutionerna för att vidareutbilda lärarna, implementera ChatGPT i undervisningen, lära studenterna använda ChatGPT på rätt sätt samt ändra examinationsrutiner för att förhindra fusk. Möjligheter som användandet av ChatGPT kommer leda till är ökad jämlikhet, effektivare drift samt kvalitetshöjningar av utbildningar. Riskerna består av att studenternas kritiska tänkande och problemlösningsförmåga kan minska och att bekvämligheten med ChatGPT riskerar att göra studenterna lata samt att fusket kan öka. Lärarnas och skolledningarnas kompetens och förmåga att anpassa sin undervisning kommer att avgöra om generativ AI som ChatGPT kommer att höja eller sänka kvaliteten i högre utbildning. / The problem this study focuses on is the impact Open AI's new version of the chatbot ChatGPT has on higher education. ChatGPT has gained enormous popularity among not least university and college students and quickly created uncertainty among the country's education providers. While the tool increases opportunities for learning and motivation in student life, it helps to reduce the threshold for cheating and plagiarism. This places demands on teachers to review their teaching and examination methods in order to take advantage of opportunities and minimize risks. The chosen question is “How does ChatGPT affect Swedish university and college education from a teacher's perspective?. The methods applied are qualitative strategy in the form of phenomenology, which by its nature is deep and detailed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using video conferencing technology and analyzed using a thematic analysis. An exploratory selection strategy was used, where eight course-responsible college teachers from seven Swedish universities were randomly selected. The result shows that all teachers think they see and predict an impact on university and college education caused by ChatGPT. The view of how ChatGPT's impact looks like and how opportunities are taken advantage of and how risks are minimized vary greatly. The teachers express concerns linked to a lack of information about the subject and wish for clearer guidance from the school management. The conclusion is that ChatGPT's existence has already and will affect Swedish university and college education in several ways. The study shows that measures are needed at the institutions to further train the teachers, implement ChatGPT in teaching, teach students to use ChatGPT correctly and change examination routines to prevent cheating. Possibilities that the use of ChatGPT will lead to are increased equality, more efficient operation and quality increases in education. The risks are that students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills may decrease and that the convenience of ChatGPT risks making students lazy and that cheating may increase. The competence and ability of teachers and school leaders to adapt their teaching will determine whether generative AI such as ChatGPT will raise or lower quality in higher education.

When children grow up in a Christian home they learn fidelity is essential in a relationship. The inconsistency of biblical messages and parental infidelity is identity altering for children. In this study I use autoethnography to explore how my parents’ infidelity collided with religious teachings to shape my identity and influence my interpersonal relationships. I also use narrative interviewing to identity the ways my siblings were affected by the same experience and how such discrepancies in our home influenced their identities. The theory of narrative inheritance (Goodall, 2005) serves to be a source of empowerment as well as a contributing factor to definitions of infidelity. Familial roles are illuminated as I explore how my siblings and I negotiated cognitive dissonance that resulted from the conflicting narratives of Christianity and parental infidelity.

Online schooling is the newest form of education and it is quickly gaining popularity. However, this educational format also comes with one of the challenges that has always been present in schools, which is academic dishonesty. In the English Language Arts content area, academic dishonesty is most often manifested as plagiarism, however, cheating on online quizzes or exams still exists. Although this issue has always been present in English classes, it is becoming more of a concern because of the vast number of technological resources available to students including websites with pre-written papers and the various methods students can now use to instantly communicate with each other. This study combines and synthesizes a literature review and a survey of secondary online English educators at Florida Virtual School to give their perspective on aspects of cheating and plagiarism in online English education including a comparison between online and face to face academic dishonesty, reasons students cheat or plagiarize in online education and attitudes toward academic dishonesty, how students cheat and plagiarize in online classes, how teachers detect academic dishonesty in their online classes, consequences and policies of academic dishonesty in online education, and preventing academic dishonesty in online education. The overall new finding, from comparing both the literature review and the FLVS survey results, was that academic dishonesty in online education is not vastly different from academic dishonesty in face to face classrooms; therefore, academic dishonesty in the online environment is not as much of a mystery as commonly perceived. The survey did, however, expand the knowledge about online academic dishonesty at the secondary level, and specifically in the English Language Arts content area.

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Online examinations are an integral component of many online learning environments and a high-stake process for students, teachers and educational institutions. They are the target of many security threats, including intrusion by hackers and collusion. Collu-sion happens when a student invites a third party to impersonate him/her in an online test, or to abet with the exam questions. This research proposed a profile-based chal-lenge question approach to create and consolidate a student's profile during the learning process, to be used for authentication in the examination process. The pro-posed method was investigated in six research studies using a usability test method and a risk-based security assessment method, in order to investigate usability attributes and security threats. The findings of the studies revealed that text-based questions are prone to usability issues such as ambiguity, syntactic variation, and spelling mistakes. The results of a usability analysis suggested that image-based questions are more usable than text-based questions (p < 0.01). The findings identified that dynamic profile questions are more efficient and effective than text-based and image-based questions (p < 0.01). Since text-based questions are associated with an individual's personal information, they are prone to being shared with impersonators. An increase in the numbers of chal-lenge questions being shared showed a significant linear trend (p < 0.01) and increased the success of an impersonation attack. An increase in the database size decreased the success of an impersonation attack with a significant linear trend (p < 0.01). The security analysis of dynamic profile questions revealed that an impersonation attack was not successful when a student shared credentials using email asynchronously. However, a similar attack was successful when a student and impersonator shared information in real time using mobile phones. The response time in this attack was significantly different when a genuine student responded to his challenge questions (p < 0.01). The security analysis revealed that the use of dynamic profile questions in a proctored exam can influence impersonation and abetting. This view was supported by online programme tutors in a focus group study.