Marketing has gone through several changes over the years. The way companies market themselves and their products are affected by changes and developments in the world. The technological development has led to changes in the way companies market their products. Through the development came social media where the users can tag companies and publish pictures of their products. Users can also follow companies on these social media platforms, and this leads to the question of what images the users want to see there. It also raises the question if the credibility among the customers is affected by the different images. When the users can tag companies in their posts it is an opportunity for the brand to be seen by more people. The question is what motivates the users to tag companies and if they have more of a tendency to do so if they know beforehand that the company will share their post on their own account.The aim of the study is to find out how the credibility affects the user on Instagram when companies publish images with products in a home environment captured by their customers. Furthermore, will the study investigate if users are more likely to tag companies in their posts if they know beforehand that the company will publish their image themselves.The findings indicate that there is no conjunction that say people are more likely to tag companies in their posts if they know beforehand that the company will also post the image. According to the findings the main reason for people tagging companies on Instagram is to participate in a competition. The results of the study show no indication that the image in home environment leads to greater credibility for the company than if they were to publish the product image. As shown by the results however is the credibility among the users affected by the images published by the company.The conclusion of the study is that businesses can benefit from thinking about what images they publish since the images can affect credibility. By publishing images from consumers other users can be more eager to tag the company in their post and as a result more people will hear about the company.The following study is written in Swedish. / Marknadsföring har genomgått flertalet förändringar genom åren. Utvecklingar och skiften i världen påverkar sättet som företag marknadsför sig själva och sina produkter. Med den teknologiska utvecklingen kom en helt ny form av marknadsföring där företag nu kunde använda sociala medier för att nå ut med sitt meddelande till kunderna. På de sociala medierna kan företag publicera bilder marknadsföra sina produkter själva eller använda sig utav influencers. Företag kan även interagera med sina kunder och kunderna i sin tur kan tagga företag i bilder som de lägger ut. Genom att konsumenter taggar företag i bilder kan företag se inläggen och låna bilden för att publicera den på deras egen sida. Det leder till funderingen om användarna som följer företagskontot vill se produktbilder eller dessa bilder i hemmamiljö från kunderna. När kunderna taggar företag blir det en möjlighet för fler personer att höra talas om varumärket. Det kan därmed vara attraktivt för företag att kunder vill tagga dem i deras inlägg. Frågan är dock vad som motiverar användaren till att tagga företag och om användaren skulle vara mer benägen att göra det om de vet på förhand att företag kommer dela deras bild vidare. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur trovärdigheten påverkar användaren på Instagram när företag publicerar bilder ur hemmamiljö tagna av sina kunder. Vidare undersöker studien om användare är mer benägna att tagga företag om de vet på förhand att bilden kommer delas vidare. Resultatet av studien visar att det inte finns något samband att fler människor kan tänka sig att tagga företag om de vet på förhand att företaget kommer dela bilden vidare. Enligt resultatet är den största anledningen till att människor taggar företag i inlägg för att delta i en tävling. Resultatet indikerar inte heller att bilden i hemmamiljö ger större trovärdighet för företaget när den publiceras istället för en produktbild. Däremot antyder resultatet att trovärdigheten påverkas av de bilder som företag lägger ut på Instagram. Slutsatsen som dras av studien är att företag kan dra nytta av att tänka igenom vilka bilder de publicerar då det påverkar trovärdigheten hos de som ser den. Genom att företag publicerar bilder i hemmamiljö från kunderna kan de uppmuntra kunder till att dela med sig av företagets namn och därmed nå fler människor. När användare på Instagram taggar företag sprids kännedom om varumärket vilket kan vara positivt för företag. Då användare kan tänka sig att tagga företag kan det därmed finnas en fördel för företag att möjliggöra till taggande.

Purpose: Working from lifespan development theory and the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC), I provide theoretical analyses to inform and direct research on Taijiquan where research questions involve issues of adaptive development (optimization of gains, maintenance of function, and prevention of lost resources). I also used these frameworks to construct a biopsychosocial mind-body practices model that seeks to explain and predict the role of key aspects (curriculum, practice, context) in Taiji-related development. The above frameworks are further substantiated through a comparative analysis of health status between Taijiquan practitioners (N =120; age range = 24-83, M = 54.77) and a nationally representative sample (N = 414,629; age range = 18-99, M = 54.86) collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The model's predictive potential is explored through an analysis of health status within a subset of experienced Taiji practitioners (N = 94; age range = 24-83, M = 55.82). Design: Theoretical and cross-sectional; between- and within-group comparisons. Methods: Responses from a convenience sample of Taiji practitioners were collected using an online survey. The instrument was designed to collect data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyle variables, and Taiji practice regimens. Data from Taiji practitioners were merged with the CDC's 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset, forming three groups: no exercise, some exercise, and Taiji exercise. Health status was regressed on exercise group while controlling for age, income, and education, as well as the interaction between age and exercise group. Further analyses were also conducted on a subset of the Taiji data (N=94). These analyses examined the relationships among self-reported health, practice regimens, and diet while controlling for age and experience. Results: In the first set of analyses (see paper one), I controlled for the effects of age, income, education, and the differential effects of age on exercise group, while determining associations between health and group membership. A significant interaction effect (p < 0.001) occurred between age and exercise group membership. This interaction showed little difference between exercise groups in the young adult age range, but among older adults, Taijiquan practitioners displayed the best HRQoL. In the second set of analyses (see paper 2), I found significant interaction effects between (a) curricular complexity and out-of-class practice (p < 0.05) and (b) curricular complexity and diet (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The extraordinary health status trajectory among Taiji practitioners may be attributable to several conditions including: (a) the implied presence of SOC-related strategies, (b) the general benefits of psychophysical expertise, and (c) concomitant structure between Taiji-related goals and health behaviors that contributes to optimal aging. Specifically, intervention designers, Taiji teachers, and practitioners should consider the potential benefits of well rounded Taiji curricula, regular out-of-class practice, and healthy diet for optimizing health-related gains and minimizing losses typically associated with aging. / Ph. D.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines the measurement of business concentration by the Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI). In the course of the examination, a modification to this method of measurement of business concentration is proposed, in terms of which the accuracy of the conventional depiction of the HHI can be enhanced by a formulation involving the Gini index. Computational advantages in the use of this new method are identified, which reveal the Ginibased HHI to be an effective substitute for its regular counterpart. It is found that theoretically and in practice, the proposed new method has strengths that favour its usage. The practical advantages of employing this method are considered with a view to encouraging the measurement of business concentration using the Gini-based index of the HHI. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die meting van sakekonsentrasie deur middel van die Herfindahl- Hirschman-indeks (HHI). ‘n Wysiging aan hierdie metode word voorgestel, deur middel waarvan die akkuraatheid van die konvensionele voorstelling van die HHI verhoog word, deur ‘n formulering wat die Gini-indeks betrek. Die berekeningsvoordele van hierdie nuwe metode word geïdentifiseer en dit word aangetoon dat die Gini-gebaseerde HHI ’n doeltreffende plaasvervanger vir sy meer bekende teenvoeter is. Daar word bevind dat die voorgestelde nuwe metode teoretiese en praktiese sterkpunte het wat die gebruik daarvan ondersteun. Die praktiese voordele van die voorgestelde metode word oorweeg met die oog op die aanmoediging van die gebruik van die Gini-gebaseerde HHI-indeks as maatstaf van sakekonsentrasie.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the present study was to examine whether the culture of a society influences the way in which people justify certain aggressive behaviours in certain situations. A total of 756 students from Spain, Japan and South Africa participated in completing the CAMA, a measure of justification of aggression. The results showed that there were significant differences within the countries. There were differences in the levels of acceptance of certain acts between these countries. Further fmdings also indicated that there was a difference between the males of the countries and between the females of these countries. It was found that cultural influences and the norms within these countries bring about differences in justification of aggression in different situations. There were also some general trends of acceptance, with direct and indirect verbal acts e.g. sarcasm, hindering and shouting being more acceptable than physical acts such as hitting, killing and torture. It is hoped that the present findings of this research will make members of society more aware of their responsibility to help reduce aggressive acts by teaching and reinforcing norms against it. It is also hoped that the international community will gain better insight into the fact that South-Africa faces unique challenges because of the political and social changes in the country. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die huidige studie was om vas te stelof 'n samelewing se kultuur 'n rol speel by die regverdiging van sekere aggressiewe gedrag in bepaalde omstandighede. 'n Totaal van 756 studente van Spanje, Japan en Suid Afrika het die CAMA vraelys voltooi. Die vraelys meet die regverdiging van aggressie in sekere omstandighede. Betekenisvolle verskille is tussen die lande gevind. Daar is ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die mans van die drie lande asook tussen die vrouens van die drie lande gevind. Daar is gevind dat kulturele verskille en die norme binne 'n samelewing meebring dat daar verskille is in die mate waarin samelewings sekere aggressiewe gedrag aanvaarbaar vind in sekere situasies. Daar was ook 'n groter algemene aanvaarbaarheid van verbale aggressie bv. sarkasme, verhindering en skreeu as fisiese aggressie soos slaan, om dood te maak en marteling. Hopelik maak hierdie navorsing mense meer bewus van elkeen in die samelewing se verantwoordelikheid om die norme teen geweld te versterk asook om die norme aan hulle nageslagte oor te dra. Verder sal die internasionale gemeenskap hopelik beter insig kry oor die unieke uitdagings wat Suid-Afrika bied as gevolg van die politieke en sosiale veranderinge in die land.

Statistically more test samples obtained from a single chip would give a better picture of the various noise processes present. Increasing the number of samples while testing one chip would however lead to an increase in the testing time, decreasing the overall throughput. The aim of this report is to investigate the detection of non-Gaussian noise (burst noise) in a random set of data with a small number of samples. In order to determine whether a given set of noise samples has non-Gaussian noise processes present, a Chi-Squared ‘Goodness of Fit’ test on a modeled set of random data is presented. A discussion of test methodologies using a single test measurement pass as well as two passes is presented from the obtained simulation results. / text

This study introduces a new analytical procedure based on the chi-square (x²) statistic to evaluate tree- ring weather relationships. An iterative x² method, developed previously for relating annual crop production to daily values of meteorological measurements, is applied to tree-ring data and compared to results obtained from correlation and bootstrapped response function analyses. All three analytical procedures use a southern Arizona chronology (Pinus arizonica Engelm.) and the latter two use monthly average meteorological data. The x² analysis revealed most of the relationships exhibited by the correlation and response function analyses as well as new linear and nonlinear associations. In addition, cardinal values were obtained that define daily thresholds of the meteorological variables at which the limitation to growth becomes significant. Some of the associations are plausible from the physical system but require more study to confirm or refute a real cause and effect. A few associations appear to be too late in the season or too early in the previous year to affect ring width. We recommend that this x² technique be added to the existing dendroclimatic procedures because it reveals many more possible cause and effect relationships.

Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas susipažinti su steganografijos mokslu bei statistiniais stegoanalizės metodais, kurių dėka slepiama ir atrandama informacija įvairiuose failuose. Šitame magistro darbe išnagrinėti, aprašyti bei įgyvendinti du steganografijos ir du stegoanalizės metodai. Visi metodai realizuoti JAVA programavimo kalba, daliai matematiniams skaičiavimams atlikti panaudota MAPLE programa. Darbo pabaigoje pateikta metodų analizė. / The main goal of the thesis is to review the methods of steganography and steganalysis and to experiment with them. Steganography helps to embed hidden messages in such way that anyone except the intended recipient is unaware of the existence of the message but with the use of statistical steganalysis methods those hidden messages can be detected. This thesis consists of two steganography (LSB and LSBH) and two steganalysis methods (RS and PoV) description and implementation. All methods were implemented with JAVA code. Thesis is concluded with a comparison of these methods' quality.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing techniques were used to predict relationships between bald eagle nest presences and land type, distance to land type and impervious surface cover area. Data plots revealed bald eagle nest presence decreases in response to an increase in area of bareland; increases with an increase in area of forested land; decreases with an increase in distance (m) to shoreline, and decreases in response to an increase in area of impervious surfaces. Logistic regression models identified impervious surfaces as an indicator for bald eagle nest presence (P 24% as unsuitable. Unsuitable area covered 17.82% of the total study area, impacted area covered 13.40%, and, sensitive area covered 68.77%. The projected increase in population in the state of Virginia and subsequent increase in impervious surfaces presents a challenge to the future viability of the Virginia Chesapeake Bay bald eagle population. The threshold analysis identified areas of prime conservation concern for bald eagle nest presence within the defined study area. These areas provide the basis for a conservation management plan and for further scientific study.

Planning is a rational process where we rely on training and our five senses, but not so much on our instincts. How can we reclaim this missing element and balance the rational with the intuitive? Feng Shui provides a method for enhancing the current planning process by evaluating the physical form through observation and management of the movement of ch'i energy. The Feng Shui Neighborhood Evaluation checklist, created in Excel, allows the planner to examine the form of a neighborhood to assess the quality of the ch'i. Individual ratings are input for each evaluation point within a category. The Bagua is used to intentionally link uses in a neighborhood to those areas where the strongest supportive energy already exists. Supplementing the planning process with Feng Shui places the focus on the well-being of the residents to create greater harmony, a stronger sense of community, and a higher quality of life.