Thesis (Ed.S..)--Western Kentucky University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-52).

Thesis (Ed.S.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009. / Tables. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-56).

Thesis (Ed.S.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-61).

Objective: The concurrence of prenatal alcohol exposure with other drug exposure, low socioeconomic status and environmental risk factors may obscure associations, if any, between prenatal cocaine exposure and child outcomes. This study evaluates the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior in analyses stratified by gender and prenatal alcohol exposure status. Methods: Maternal alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use were prospectively assessed by interview during pregnancy and postnatally. Maternal and neonatal urine were tested for drug exposure as clinically indicated. Caregiver report of child behavior was assessed with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Dichotomous cocaine exposure was characterized as no (negative history and biologic markers), and any (positive history and/or biologic markers during pregnancy and/or positive urine screen at delivery from either mother or infant). Results: Prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with adverse effects on offspring behavior that were moderated by the gender of the offspring as well as prenatal alcohol exposure. For girls without prenatal alcohol exposure, 6.5% of the unique variance in behavior was related to prenatal cocaine exposure. For these girls, the odds of scoring in the abnormal range for Aggression was 17 times control levels (95% confidence limits 1.4 to 203). These findings, though significant, have wide confidence intervals and need to be replicated in larger cohorts and on longitudinal follow-up.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Background: In many severely mentally disordered children, the clinical presentation is complicated by comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation. Recently, a highly heritable behavioral phenotype of simultaneous deviance on the anxious/depressed, attention problems, and aggressive behavior syndrome scales has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). The aim of the present pilot study was to determine an equivalent to the CBCL-DP using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Sampling and Methods: We applied stepwise linear discriminant analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to data from 543 consecutively referred children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years. The CBCL and the SDQ were completed by parents as part of the diagnostic routine. ICD-10 discharge diagnoses were established in consensus conferences. Results: A combination of five SDQ items (SDQ-Dysregulation Profile, SDQ-DP) yielded the best discrimination of children with and without CBCL-DP and classified 81.0% of the subjects correctly leading to an area under the curve of 0.93. The content of the five SDQ-DP items mirrors well the mixed behavioral phenotype of anxious-depressive, aggressive and attention problems captured by the CBCL-DP. SDQ-DP status was highly correlated with CBCL-DP status and was best defined by a SDQ-DP score ≧5. Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the SDQ-DP have been robustly tested and validated. Based on these results, clinicians may use the SDQ-DP as a useful and economical screening measure to improve the assessment, prevention, and treatment of severe dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Future investigations should study the longitudinal stability, heritability, and genetic associations of this behavioral phenotype. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Paulo V B e Azevedo.pdf: 3414417 bytes, checksum: 54ac1ec125fcb10c62ef1c5059b81be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents from an indigenous population living in isolated tribes in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This is an analytical prevalence study in a sample of 192 indigenous children and adolescents from Karajá ethnicity, aged between 7 and 14 years old. The prevalence were determined using the syndrome scales of mental health problems according to the ASEBA questionnaires. The Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form 6-18 (TRF) were used for the screening of these problems. The difference among the prevalence found in the two questionnaires as well as the risk association between gender and schooling and mental health problems were evaluated. Results: A total prevalence of problems of 34.38% with the CBCL and of 23.44% with the TRF was found (p < 0.00). There was an association between the occurrence of these problems in the subjects attending the second phase of fundamental school (6th to 9th year of formal education). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health problems found was high when compared to studies with other cultures around the world. It was observed that even in human populations who preserve the primordial cultural aspects of their ancestors who lived 10.000 years ago, psychiatric problems exist and have clinical presentations that are similar to those found in modern civilized societies, in which the cultural context may influence the manifestations of such problems. / Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de problemas mentais em crianças e adolescentes de uma população indígena vivendo isolada em tribos na Amazônia Brasileira. Métodos: Estudo de prevalência analítico em amostra de 192 crianças e adolescentes indígenas da etnia Karajá, entre os 07 e 14 anos de idade. As prevalências foram determinadas pelas escalas síndromes de problemas de saúde mental de acordo com os questionários do ASEBA. Foram utilizados para detecção desses problemas os Inventários de Comportamentos para Crianças e Adolescentes de 6 a 18 anos (CBCL) e de Comportamentos Referidos pelo Professor para Alunos de 6 a 18 anos (TRF). Foi avaliada a diferença entre as prevalências encontradas nos dois questionários e a associação de risco entre o sexo e a escolaridade e os problemas de saúde mental. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma prevalência de problemas totais de 34,38% com o CBCL e de 23,44% com o TRF (p < 0,00). Houve associação entre a ocorrência de problemas mentais e o sexo e a escolaridade, com maior ocorrência desses problemas nos sujeitos cursando a segunda fase do ensino fundamental. Conclusão: A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental encontrada foi alta comparada aos estudos com outras culturas ao redor do mundo. Observou-se que mesmo em populações humanas que preservam os aspectos culturais primordiais dos seus ancestrais que viveram há 10.000 anos, existem problemas psiquiátricos com apresentações clínicas similares às encontradas em sociedades modernas civilizadas, podendo o contexto cultural influenciar nas manifestações desses.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T13:09:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karla Cristina Naves de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 10516858 bytes, checksum: a4c0d0f6ccce331c7442008dd2a98993 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:39:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karla Cristina Naves de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 10516858 bytes, checksum: a4c0d0f6ccce331c7442008dd2a98993 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T15:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karla Cristina Naves de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 10516858 bytes, checksum: a4c0d0f6ccce331c7442008dd2a98993 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-11 / Mental disorders are common in children and adolescents and cause negative impact on their family, school, and social life, often persisting throughout their lives if not detected and treated. This study aimed to assess the existence and estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents living in an isolated rural community of the Kalunga quilombola ethnic group (descendants of African runaway enslaved individuals), located in the northeastern part of the state of Goiás, Brazil. In this cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study a sample of 204 Kalunga children and adolescents was evaluated based on the responses of their parents/guardians and teachers to the mental health problems and behavior screening instruments Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6–18 (CBCL/6–18) and Teacher’s Report Form for ages 6–18 (TRF/6–18), respectively. The prevalence of mental health problems in Kalunga children and adolescents was 31.4% using the CBCL/6–18 and 21.1% using the TRF/6–18 (p < 0.01). Differences were found between genders, i.e., girls were more affected by internalizing problems than boys. The prevalence of mental health problems found in the present research was high compared to similar studies around the world. / Os transtornos mentais são bastante comuns em crianças e adolescentes e repercutem negativamente em sua vida familiar, escolar e social, geralmente persistindo por toda a vida desses indivíduos se não forem detectados e tratados. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a existência e estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes que vivem em uma comunidade rural isolada do grupo quilombola Kalunga (descendentes de escravos africanos fugitivos), localizada na parte nordeste do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Neste estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, uma amostra de 204 crianças e adolescentes Kalungas foi avaliada com base nas respostas dos pais/responsáveis e professores aos instrumentos de rastreamento de problemas de saúde mental e comportamento denominados Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6–18 (CBCL/6–18) e Teacher’s Report Form for ages 6–18 (TRF/6–18), respectivamente. A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes Kalunga foi de 31,4% usando o CBCL/6–18 e de 21,1% usando o TRF/6–18 (p < 0,01). Foram encontradas diferenças entre os gêneros, pois as meninas apresentaram mais transtornos internalizantes do que os meninos. A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental encontrada na presente pesquisa foi elevada em comparação com estudos semelhantes em todo o mundo.