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Etude de la diversité génétique d'Aspergillus fumigatus et de Chlamydophila psittaci chez les oiseaux et mise au point de modèles expérimentaux aviairesThierry, Simon 10 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Le champignon filamenteux Aspergillus fumigatus et la bactérie Chlamydophila psittaci sont deux agents pathogènes majeurs chez les oiseaux d'élevage. Bien que phylogénétiquement très distants, ces deux micro-organismes partagent un même mode de transmission par voie aérienne. La mortalité et la morbidité associées aux aspergilloses ou aux chlamydioses ont un impact économique qui n'est pas négligeable, en particulier dans les élevages de dindes. En France, les investigations autour de cas humains de chlamydiose identifient fréquemment un lien avec des élevages de canards, chez lesquels l'infection par C. psittaci s'apparente à un portage intestinal asymptomatique. Pour analyser la circulation des agents pathogènes dans les élevages avicoles, nous avons tout d'abord étudié la diversité génétique d' Aspergillus fumigatus et de Chlamydophila psittaci. Pour cela, deux nouvelles méthodes de typage moléculaire MLVA (Multiple Locus VNTR Analysis) ont été mises au point. Ces méthodes se sont révélées très discriminantes, rapides et faciles à mettre en œuvre. Dans le cas d' A. fumigatus, la méthode MLVA a permis de regrouper les génotypes en fonction de leur origine géographique. Elle a également permis d'analyser les modes de contamination d'un couvoir de dindes. Dans un second temps, nous avons analysé le pouvoir pathogène de ces deux microorganismes chez les oiseaux. Pour cela, deux modèles d'infections expérimentales ont été développés. Le premier modèle a permis de reproduire une aspergillose chez des poussins de 1 jour après inhalation d'un aérosol contenant des conidies d'A. fumigatus. Lors de la mise au point du modèle, l'impact de l'immunodépression et de la lignée de poulet a été évalué. Pour C. psittaci, un modèle reproduisant un portage intestinal de la bactérie chez des canetons mulards de 1 jour a été obtenu.
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Molecular diagnosis of adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydiapneumoniae infection in hospitalized childrenPun, Chi-kit, Patrick., 潘志傑. January 2004 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences
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Chlamydia pneumoniae: detection and geotyping of infections in atherosclerotic carotid arteriesCochrane, Melanie January 2004 (has links)
A large number of studies have reported on the association between the obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. These studies suggest that C. pneumoniae may potentially play a role in the atherosclerotic process, as not all the current atherosclerotic risk factors account for the resulting complications, such as angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. The research presented in this thesis analysed whether there are any reliable markers of chronic C. pneumoniae vascular infection, including chlamydial sero-prevalence as defined by two commercial serological tests, detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in the peripheral circulation, the presence or absence of risk factors and symptomatic status. The presence of the bacterium in atherosclerotic carotid specimens was diagnosed directly using a C. pneumoniae-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a genus-specific immunofluorescent (IF) assay. Eighteen of the 54 (33%) carotid artery diseased (CAD) specimens were positive for the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA by PCR detection, whereas the IF assay detected only six positive samples. PCR analysis found that only two of 43 (5%) patients had C. pneumoniae DNA present within their peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction. Chlamydial antibodies were detected by Focus microimmunofluorescence and/or Medac recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay (rELISA) in 56% (24/43) of CAD patients tested. Traditional risk factors, symptomatic status, antigen detection and PCR-based detection of C. pneumoniae in PBMCs, all failed to correlate with the presence of a chlamydial vascular infection. In conclusion, the existing non-invasive diagnostic tests (serology and peripheral blood-based PCR detection) are inefficient for diagnosing a vascular Chlamydia infection, suggesting that a different chlamydial antigen should be tested targeted to identify a chronic C. pneumoniae infection in CAD patients.
Given the observation that numerous previously published studies have detected C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic arterial tissue, yet at widely different detection rates (0% to 100%), it was clear that the location and quantity of clinical specimen could directly affect the detection rate. Previous reports have not used a standard and validated procedure for sampling arterial specimens for C. pneumoniae DNA. The inconsistent detection rates of chlamydial DNA in atherosclerotic plaque are a result of low concentration and irregular distribution of the bacterium, as reported in this study. Our research concluded that a minimum of 15 (30ìm-thick) sections should be analysed by PCR to minimize these sampling variables and obtain a 95% chance of detecting all true C. pneumoniae-positive samples. All previous studies may have under estimated the prevalence of C. pneumoniae, as stringent sampling and repeat testing of the bacterium is required to minimise false-negative results. An interesting finding was that C. pneumoniae DNA was present in all 10 atherosclerotic arteries, although extensive sampling of the carotid was crucial for detection.
The third area of research examined the question of possible strain differences between C. pneumoniae isolates infecting human atherosclerotic carotid arteries. Whole genome sequencing as well as specific gene typing suggests that there is relatively little genetic variation in human isolates of C. pneumoniae. To date, there has been little genomic analysis of strains from human cardiovascular sites. We analysed the genotypes of C. pneumoniae present in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque and found several polymorphisms in the variable domain-4 (VD4) region of the outer membrane protein-A (ompA) gene and the intergenic region between the ygeD and uridine kinase (ygeD-urk) genes. Our research identified four different genotypes of C. pneumoniae in human atherosclerotic carotid arteries, including an isolate that appears genetically identical to a strain previously detected in koalas. Two genotypes of C. pneumoniae were present in both human carotid specimens and koala PBMC fractions, suggesting that these genotypes of C. pneumoniae may be capable of crossing the host barrier. The study showed that diversity exists in both the ompAVD4 gene and the ygeD-urk intergenic region enabling fine-detailed differentiation between five different genotypes found in respiratory and/or vascular C. pneumoniae isolates. The importance of the diversity of C. pneumoniae isolates in its role in atherogenesis needs to be further studied.
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Animal models of Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis : dissemination to and persistence in atheromatous lesions /Moazed, Teresa Clark. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [83]-96).
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Molecular diagnosis of adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in hospitalized childrenPun, Chi-kit, Patrick. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.
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Análise da prevalência de chlamydia pneumoniae e mycoplasma pneumoniae em diferentes formas de apresentação da doença coronária obstrutiva / Analyses of Clamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in different forms of Coronary Heart DiseasesMaia, Irineu Luiz 21 August 2006 (has links)
Introdução: recente estudo brasileiro detectou a presença concomitante do Mycoplasma pneumoniae e Chlamydia pneumoniae em lesões ateromatosas coronárias estáveis e instáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a associação entre títulos sorológicos de anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae e as Síndromes Isquêmicas Miocárdicas Instáveis. Métodos: foram incluídos de forma prospectiva, 138 pacientes divididos em 4 grupos: 34 pacientes com Síndrome Isquêmica Miocárdica Instável com supradesnível do segmento ST, 40 pacientes com Síndrome Isquêmica Miocárdica Instável sem supradesnível ST, 30 pacientes com aterosclerose crônica assintomática e 34 doadores de sangue sem doença coronária conhecida. Nos dois primeiros grupos, as amostras sorológicas foram colhidas durante o evento agudo e com seis meses de seguimento, enquanto nos outros dois (aterosclerose crônica e controle) as mesmas foram colhidas uma única vez. Em todas as amostras foram dosados anticorpos da classe IgG anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae utilizando a técnica de imunoflorescência indireta.. Resultados: seis meses após a internação, os pacientes com síndrome isquêmica miocárdica instável com supradesnível ST apresentaram significativa redução dos títulos sorológicos, em relação às sorologias colhidas durante o evento coronário agudo, o que ocorreu tanto com a chlamydia (307,5+47,5 versus 650+115,7 p=0,0001) quanto com o mycoplasma (21,5+3,5 versus 36,5+5 p=0,0004). O grupo sem supradesnível ST não teve variação significativa dos níveis sorológicos em seis meses de seguimento (522,6+102,7 versus 576+84,1 p=0,27) para chlamydia e 27,6+5,8 versus 27,6 + 5,8 p >0,99 para mycoplasma. Foi realizada também uma comparação entre os níveis sorológicos de todos os grupos analisados, e observou-se que os grupos com síndrome isquêmica miocárdica instável (com e sem supra ST), tiveram valores sorológicos mais elevados do que os grupos aterosclerose crônica e controle, mas as diferenças não foram significativas. Os valores para chlamydia foram: 650+115,7 (com supra), 576+84 (sem supra), 373,3+65 (aterosclerose crônica) e 343,5+57,2 (controle), p=0,083; e os valores para mycoplasma foram: 36,5+5 (com supra), 27,6+5,8 (sem supra), 23+4,3 (aterosclerose crônica) e 26,7+3,3 (controle), p=0,171. Conclusões: o presente estudo demonstra associação entre títulos de anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae e a instabilização da placa coronária. Demonstra ainda a normalização dos mesmos títulos em um período de até seis meses, a partir do quadro agudo. / Objective of the study: to test the association of serum titers of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The patients were divided into 4 groups: ACS with ST-segment elevation, ACS without ST-segment elevation, chronic asymptomatic atherosclerosis and blood donors without known coronary disease. Serum samples were collected during the acute event and after six months of follow-up. Six months after the acute event, patients with ACS with St-segment elevation showed a significant decrease of serum titers, when compared to the other one. That\'s show the association between anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody titers and acute coronary syndrome.
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Análise da prevalência de chlamydia pneumoniae e mycoplasma pneumoniae em diferentes formas de apresentação da doença coronária obstrutiva / Analyses of Clamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in different forms of Coronary Heart DiseasesIrineu Luiz Maia 21 August 2006 (has links)
Introdução: recente estudo brasileiro detectou a presença concomitante do Mycoplasma pneumoniae e Chlamydia pneumoniae em lesões ateromatosas coronárias estáveis e instáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a associação entre títulos sorológicos de anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae e as Síndromes Isquêmicas Miocárdicas Instáveis. Métodos: foram incluídos de forma prospectiva, 138 pacientes divididos em 4 grupos: 34 pacientes com Síndrome Isquêmica Miocárdica Instável com supradesnível do segmento ST, 40 pacientes com Síndrome Isquêmica Miocárdica Instável sem supradesnível ST, 30 pacientes com aterosclerose crônica assintomática e 34 doadores de sangue sem doença coronária conhecida. Nos dois primeiros grupos, as amostras sorológicas foram colhidas durante o evento agudo e com seis meses de seguimento, enquanto nos outros dois (aterosclerose crônica e controle) as mesmas foram colhidas uma única vez. Em todas as amostras foram dosados anticorpos da classe IgG anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae utilizando a técnica de imunoflorescência indireta.. Resultados: seis meses após a internação, os pacientes com síndrome isquêmica miocárdica instável com supradesnível ST apresentaram significativa redução dos títulos sorológicos, em relação às sorologias colhidas durante o evento coronário agudo, o que ocorreu tanto com a chlamydia (307,5+47,5 versus 650+115,7 p=0,0001) quanto com o mycoplasma (21,5+3,5 versus 36,5+5 p=0,0004). O grupo sem supradesnível ST não teve variação significativa dos níveis sorológicos em seis meses de seguimento (522,6+102,7 versus 576+84,1 p=0,27) para chlamydia e 27,6+5,8 versus 27,6 + 5,8 p >0,99 para mycoplasma. Foi realizada também uma comparação entre os níveis sorológicos de todos os grupos analisados, e observou-se que os grupos com síndrome isquêmica miocárdica instável (com e sem supra ST), tiveram valores sorológicos mais elevados do que os grupos aterosclerose crônica e controle, mas as diferenças não foram significativas. Os valores para chlamydia foram: 650+115,7 (com supra), 576+84 (sem supra), 373,3+65 (aterosclerose crônica) e 343,5+57,2 (controle), p=0,083; e os valores para mycoplasma foram: 36,5+5 (com supra), 27,6+5,8 (sem supra), 23+4,3 (aterosclerose crônica) e 26,7+3,3 (controle), p=0,171. Conclusões: o presente estudo demonstra associação entre títulos de anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae e anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae e a instabilização da placa coronária. Demonstra ainda a normalização dos mesmos títulos em um período de até seis meses, a partir do quadro agudo. / Objective of the study: to test the association of serum titers of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The patients were divided into 4 groups: ACS with ST-segment elevation, ACS without ST-segment elevation, chronic asymptomatic atherosclerosis and blood donors without known coronary disease. Serum samples were collected during the acute event and after six months of follow-up. Six months after the acute event, patients with ACS with St-segment elevation showed a significant decrease of serum titers, when compared to the other one. That\'s show the association between anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody titers and acute coronary syndrome.
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Chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in COPD and lung cancer /Brandén, Eva, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Zellautonome angeborene Immunantwort in humanen Endothelzellen auf die Infektion mit Chlamydophila pneumoniaeLaak, Claudia van 28 April 2014 (has links)
Wirtszellen verfügen über bisher unzureichend verstandene zellautonome Immunmechanismen zur Abwehr von intrazellulären Bakterien. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei Abwehrmechanismen charakterisiert, die in Endothelzellen und Makrophagen Infektionen durch C. pneumoniae bekämpfen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass C. pneumoniae über einen MAVS-abhängigen Signalweg in humanen Endothelzellen erkannt wird. Diese Erkennung aktiviert die Transkriptionsfaktoren IRF3 und IRF7 und nachfolgend eine IRF3/7-abhängige Typ I-IFN-Produktion. Typ I-IFN bewirken auto- und parakrin eine Kontrolle der intrazellulären Infektion mit C. pneumoniae. Zum anderen wurde gezeigt, dass das mitochondriale Molekül NLRX1 eine zellautonome Abwehr gegen C. pneumoniae in Endothelzellen und in Makrophagen vermittelt. Diese NLRX1-abhängige intrazelluläre Abwehr ist unabhängig von verschiedenen, bisher mit NLRX1 in Verbindung gebrachten Signalwegen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen somit zum ersten Mal, dass NLRX1 eine zellautonome Abwehr gegen intrazelluläre Bakterien vermittelt. Daraus gewonnene Erkenntnisse sowie die Ergebnisse zukünftiger Arbeiten zur Klärung der NLRX1- und MAVS-aktivierenden chlamydialen Moleküle und den durch Typ-I-IFN-abhängigen intrazellulären Abwehrmechanismen könnten bei der Erforschung neuartiger antibakterieller Therapien hilfreich sein. Diese ist angesichts der weltweiten signifikanten Zunahme von mehrfach-resistenten Infektionserregern, unbedingt notwendig. / The cell autonomous defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria in host cells are so far insufficiently understood. In the present work two defense mechanisms involved in the elimination of C. pneumoniae in endothelial cells and in macrophages were characterized. It could be shown that C. pneumoniae is recognized by a MAVS-dependent signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. This recognition activates the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 and subsequently an IRF3/7-dependent type I-IFN production. Type-I-IFNs induce an auto- and paracrine control mechanism against the intracellular infection with C. pneumoniae. Additionally it could be shown for the first time that the mitochondrial NLR molecule NLRX1 mediates a cell autonomous defense mechanism against C. pneumoniae and most likely other intracellular bacteria in human endothelial cells and murine macrophages. This NLRX1-dependent intracellular defense mechanism is independent of the different mechanisms which were so far linked to NLRX1. The outcome of this work and future studies to identify chlamydial molecules responsible for the activation of the MAVS- and NLRX1-dependent signaling pathways as well as the effector mechanisms responsible for Type-I-IFN-dependent control of intracellular chlamydial replication could be very helpful in the development of novel antibacterial therapies.
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Ocorrência de Chlamydophila felis e do plasmídeo críptico em gatis nas cidades de São Paulo e Osasco / Occurrence of Chlamydophila felis and cryptic plasmid in catteries in the cities of São Paulo and OsascoGonsales, Fernanda Fidelis 06 December 2013 (has links)
A infecção de trato respiratório superior em gatos é uma afecção muito frequente em indivíduos que vivem em abrigos, com elevada morbidade e em alguns casos, fatal. O herpesvírus felino tipo1 (FHV-1) e a Chlamydophila felis estão entre os principais causadores. O FHV-1 ocasiona quadros de espirros, secreção nasal e alterações oculares como conjuntivite. A C. felis é responsável pelos piores casos de conjuntivite e apresenta um plasmídeo críptico como possível fator de virulência. A presença dos retrovírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e/ou imunodeficiência dos felinos (FIV) debilita a função do sistema imunológico, causando imunossupressão e consequentemente aumento no índice de morbidade e mortalidade. Neste trabalho foram avaliados quatro abrigos, três gatis particulares não-comercias (um localizado em Osasco/SP e outros dois São Paulo/SP). Os gatis possuiam alta densidade populacional e a procedência dos gatos alojados era desconhecida. A detecção de FHV-1, como de C. felis e de três genes do plasmídeo criptico foram realizadas por PCR em amostras de mucosa oral e de conjuntiva ocular de ambos os olhos obtidas com swabs de algodão, secos e estéreis. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a detecção do FIV e FeLV por meio de teste imunoenzimático. O sintomas clínicos dos animais foram classificados de 1 a 4, sendo 4 atribuído àqueles que apresentavam pior sintomatologia. A ocorrência de FIV e FeLV no 1° gatil foi de 4,63% e 3,70%, no 2° gatil foi de 0% e 6,45%, enquanto que no 3° gatil foi 75% e 0% respectivamente, estes vírus não foram detectados no 4° gatil. FHV-1 foi observado em 61,11% dos gatos no 1° gatil; 90,32% no 2° gatil, 100% no 3° gatil e em 89,74% dos animais do 4° gatil. No 1° gatil, 7,41% das amostras apresentavam C. felis, no 2° gatil, 58,06%; no 4° gatil, 23,08%; enquanto que no 3° gatil o agente não foi detectado. Dentre as amostras positivas para C. felis, os genes do plasmídeo críptico foram detectados; no 1o gatil o gene 1 estava presente em 62,50% das amostras, o gene 2 e 3 em 75%, para o 2° gatil obteve-se 61,11% de positividade para os genes 1 e 2 e 55,56% para o gene 3; no 4° gatil o gene 1 e 3 estavam presentes em 77,78% das amostras, o gene 2 em 55,56%. Os óbitos relatados no período do estudo foram de animais classificados com sintomas 3 ou 4 e positivos para C. felis e para o plasmídeo críptico. No presente trabalho foi observada uma elevada ocorrência de C. felis e de seu plasmídeo críptico, apesar da baixa ocorrência de FIV e FeLV nos gatis. / The infection of upper respiratory disease in cats is very common in individuals that living in shelters, with high morbidity, and in some cases, fatal. The feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV- 1) and Chlamydophila felis are agents the main causes. The FHV- 1 causes sneezing, nasal discharge and ocular abnormalities such as conjunctivitis. The C. felis is responsible for the worst cases of conjunctivitis and features a cryptic plasmid as a possible virulence factor. The presence of the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or vírus of feline immunodeficiency (FIV) weaken the function of the immune system, causing immunosuppression and therefore increased morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated four shelters, three catteries private non-commercial (one located in Osasco/SP and two in São Paulo/SP). Catteries possessed high population density and cats housed origin was unknown. The detection of FHV- 1 as three genes of the C. felis and cryptic plasmid was performed by PCR in oral mucosa and the ocular conjunctiva of both eyes obtained with cotton swabs, dried and sterile. Blood samples were collected for the detection of FeLV and FIV by enzyme immunoassay. The clinical symptoms of animals were classified from 1 to 4 , with 4 assigned to worst symptoms. The presence of the FIV and FeLV was in the first cattery 4.63% and 3.70%, in the second cattery was 0% and 6.45%, while in the third cattery was 75% and 0%, respectively, these viruses do not were detected in the 4th cattery. FHV- 1 was observed in 61.11 % of the cats in the first cattery; 90.32 % in the second cattery 100 % in the third and 89.74% of the animals of the fourth cattery. In the first cattery, 7.41% of the samples had C. felis, the second cattery, 58.06 %, in the fourth cattery, 23.08%, while the third cattery the agent was not detected. Among the samples positive for C. felis genes were detected cryptic plasmid; in the first cattery, the first gene was present in 62.50%, gene 2 and 3 in 75% of the samples; for the second cattery was obtained 61.11 % positive for 1 and 2 genes and 55.56 % to the third gene; in fourth cattery the first and the third genes were present at 77.78% of the samples in the second gene was in 55.56%. The deaths reported during the study period were classified in animals with symptoms 3 or 4 and positive for C. felis and the cryptic plasmid. In this study we observed a high incidence of C. felis and the cryptic plasmid, despite the low occurrence of FIV and FeLV in catteries.
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