This thesis is written as an essay, which considers sculpture outside of its definition as art object. Having as its goal finding an intrinsic definition of sculpture, the essay sets on a short journey meandering between ideas, historic precedents, and anecdotes. Among some of the discussed thing are: necessity, labor, leisure, Olduvai chopping stone tool, making, human hand, brain, body, pineal gland, third eye, speculation, materiality, Dixie cup, objecthood, sign, imagination, ENIAC, immateriality, myth, labor, leisure, storytelling, alien, alienation, destruction, creativity, genius, death, weed. The essay concludes that sculpture does not need a definition.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-30T19:59:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL.pdf: 2612834 bytes, checksum: 57632b3a6c17b1b1cb4931a237ec93e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T19:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL.pdf: 2612834 bytes, checksum: 57632b3a6c17b1b1cb4931a237ec93e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This paper makes a sociolinguistic analysis of the use of strategies of Relativization in the popular and standard norms of the spoken Portuguese in Feira de Santana-BA, based on the theoretical-methodological contribution of the Variationist Sociolinguistics, based on Weinreich, Labov and Herzog (2006 [1968]). For the methodological treatment of the analysis, the relative clauses are subdivided in non-prepositional strategies ? the gap-leaving variant and the resumptive pronoun strategy? and prepositional strategies ? the pied piping variant, the PP-chopping strategy, the PP-chopping strategy with resumptive and the where and when relatives. The focus of this research is the covariation between the pied piping strategy (subscribed by the traditional grammar) and the PP-chopping strategy (considered an innovative strategy in the Brazilian Portuguese), having as corpus real speech data extracted from 24 interviews (12 of the standard norm and 12 of the popular norm) of the project The Portuguese language of the Bahia semiarid region ? Phase 3: samples of the spoken languagein Feira de Santana-Ba, headquartered in the Nucleus of Portuguese Language Studies (NELP). Starting from the theoretical assumptions of the theory of variation and linguistic change, this study brings a reflection on the Brazilian Portuguese (PB) socio-history, highlighting the linguistic contact, the late urbanization and schooling of Brazil, the irregular linguistic transmission, the hypothesis of approach between the popular and standard norms of PB and the socio-history of the urban center of Feira de Santana-BA, emphasizing its commercial characteristics, the migratory factor and its geographical position. The data were investigated based on linguistic and social variables in order to answer which linguistic and sociocultural factors act in the variable use of the PP-chopping relative and the pied piping strategy and if there is an approximation or a distancing of the standard and popular norms in regards to the use of these strategies in the Portuguese of Feira de Santana. The results confirm the syntactic change attested by Tarallo (1983), by evidencing the majority use of the PP-chopping relative by the feirense speakers in both standard and popular norms, allowing to the contestation that there is an approximation of the norms in the spoken Portuguese in of Feira de Santana, confirming what Lucchesi (2001) and Mattos and Silva (2004) ratified about the Brazilian Portuguese. / Esta disserta??o faz uma an?lise sociolingu?stica do uso das estrat?gias de relativiza??o nas normas culta e popular do portugu?s falado em Feira de Santana-BA, apoiando-se no aporte te?rico-metodol?gico da Sociolingu?stica Variacionista, com base em Weinreich, Labov e Herzog (2006 [1968]). Para o tratamento metodol?gico da an?lise, subdividem-se as ora??es relativas em estrat?gias n?o preposicionadas ? relativa com lacuna e relativa com lembrete ? e preposicionadas ? relativa pied piping, relativa cortadora, relativa cortadora com lembrete e relativas de onde e quando. O foco desta investiga??o ? a covaria??o entre a relativa pied piping (abonada pela gram?tica tradicional) e a relativa cortadora (considerada uma estrat?gia inovadora do portugu?s brasileiro), tendo como corpus dados reais de fala extra?dos de 24 entrevistas (12 da norma culta e 12 da norma popular) do projeto A l?ngua portuguesa do semi?rido baiano ? Fase 3: amostras da l?ngua falada em Feira de Santana-Ba, sediado no N?cleo de Estudos da L?ngua Portuguesa (NELP). Partindo dos pressupostos te?ricos da teoria da varia??o e da mudan?a lingu?stica, pontua-se uma reflex?o sobre a s?cio-hist?ria do portugu?s brasileiro (PB), evidenciando o contato lingu?stico, as tardias urbaniza??o e escolariza??o do Brasil, a transmiss?o lingu?stica irregular, a hip?tese de aproxima??o entre as normas culta e popular do PB e a s?cio-hist?ria do munic?pio de Feira de Santana-BA, enfatizando suas caracter?sticas comerciais, o fator migrat?rio e sua posi??o geogr?fica. Os dados foram investigados com base em vari?veis lingu?sticas e sociais buscando responder quais fatores lingu?sticos e socioculturais atuam no uso vari?vel da relativa cortadora e da pied piping e se h? uma aproxima??o ou um distanciamento das normas culta e popular no que se refere ao uso dessas estrat?gias no portugu?s feirense. Os resultados confirmam a mudan?a sint?tica atestada por Tarallo (1983) ao evidenciar uso majorit?rio da relativa cortadora pelos falantes feirenses tanto na norma culta quanto na norma popular, permitindo constatar que h? uma aproxima??o das normas no portugu?s feirense, ratificando o que dizem Lucchesi (2001) e Mattos e Silva (2004) sobre o PB.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-18T17:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucastavarescardoso.pdf: 837625 bytes, checksum: 3abd29cb3035fdd6ec6e11d4ea0ae1ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-24T12:02:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucastavarescardoso.pdf: 837625 bytes, checksum: 3abd29cb3035fdd6ec6e11d4ea0ae1ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T12:02:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucastavarescardoso.pdf: 837625 bytes, checksum: 3abd29cb3035fdd6ec6e11d4ea0ae1ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A construção de campos com localização em cordas foi realizada rigorosamente há pouco mais de uma década. Nesta abordagem, os campos são operadores em algum espaço de Hilbert, e portanto não há graus de liberdade não-físicos tais como "ghosts". Além de permitir a construção de campos carregados inteiramente num espaço espaço de Hilbert, os campos com localização em cordas exibem um bom comportamento no regime ultravioleta e, entre outras características, são possíveis candidatos para descreverem consistentemente a matéria escura. No intuito de obter uma prova da renormalizabilidade em modelos perturbativos no esquema de Epstein-Glaser com campos quânticos localizados em cordas, é necessário evidenciar a liberdade que se tem ao definir produtos temporalmente ordenados do Lagrangeano de interação. Este trabalho proporciona um primeiro passo significativo nesta direção. O problema básico é a presença de um conjunto aberto de n-uplas de cordas que não podem ser cronologicamente ordenadas. Nós resolvemos este problema ao mostrar que quase todas (i.e. exceto num subconjunto de medida nula) tais configurações de cordas podem ser dissecadas num número finito de pedaços, os quais por sua vez podem ser cronologicamente ordenados. Com isso, tem-se que o produto temporalmente ordenado de fatores lineares de campos está fixo fora de um conjunto de medida nula de configurações de cordas. A construção do ordenamento temporal geométrico de cordas é feita de modo a servir para o estudo da renormalizabilidade de quaisquer teorias quânticas de campos com localização em cordas. / The construction of string-localized fields was rigorously accomplished a little over a decade ago. In this approach, the fields are operators in some Hilbert space, and therefore there are no unphysical degrees of freedom such as ghosts. In addition to allowing the construction of charged fields entirely in a Hilbert space, the string-localized fields exhibit, in general, a good behavior in the ultraviolet regime and, among other features, the class (representation) of string-localized fields with m = 0 and s = oo are possible candidates to consistently describe dark matter. In order to obtain a proof of renormalizability of perturbative models in the Epstein—Glaser scheme with string-localized quantum fields, one needs to know what freedom one has to define time-ordered products of the interaction Lagrangian. This work provides a first significant step in that direction. The basic issue is the presence of an open set of n-tuples of strings which cannot be chronologically ordered. We resolve it by showing that almost all (i.e. outside a null set) such string configurations can be dissected into finitely many pieces which can indeed be chronologically ordered. This fixes the time-ordered products of linear field factors outside a nullset of string configurations. The construction of the geometric time ordering of strings is realized in such a way that it will serve to study the renormalizability of any quantum field theories with string-localized fields

An accurate, high-speed, fully differential difference amplifier for current sensing utilizing the chopper approach was implemented in a 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Unlike state-of-the-art solutions, we use a higher chopping frequency in the MHz range due to the bandwidth requirements of the introduced circuits for the latter application, namely, low-side phase-current measurement in motor control circuits. Except the low-pass filter (LPF) effect of the output stage, no additional LPF was integrated in hardware at the output of the circuits. We show that on the other hand a digital LPF, which can be integrated in the field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) logic or microcontroller used for the motor control, offers a higher flexibility in terms of filter design. Weak input signals of only few mV can be reconstructed with a high accuracy. This is demonstrated for a 500 kHz rectangular signal and a chopping frequency of 20 MHz. Note that an input-signal frequency of several hundreds of kHz with harmonics in the MHz region is very challenging for chopper amplifiers. Still, a significant decrease of the input-referred noise is demonstrated, especially cancelling out the 1/f-noise achieving a remaining noise floor of approximately 8.5 nV/√Hz. Overall, the input-referred noise level can be pushed far below 50 μV (root mean square). Moreover, using a quite relaxed second-order Butterworth filter with a 3 dB corner frequency of 1 MHz, input-referred noise levels of 10 μV (root mean square) can be easily achieved at the costs of reduced bandwidth. The lowest achieved input offset is 50 μV. The gain is adjusted by resistive feedback and is approximately 40 dB. Hence, the amplifier is suitable for current sensing in motor control circuits, and a significant reduction of the shunt resistance typically used for this purpose will be possible.