Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA DE ABREU CASTRO GONCALVES.pdf: 377802 bytes, checksum: 8ec3e475c53649916a77f1cab70a68fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: In the field of Speech Therapy, there are few epidemiologic researches, especially those which investigate issues related to the singing voice. Aim: This study related a choral group s vocal symptoms and their probable causes, according to gender and vocal classification. Methods: The subjects of this study were 143 choral singers (58,7% female and 41,3% male) from a University in the City of São Paulo. Subjects age varied between 18 and 45 years, and subjects had different vocal classifications. The participants answered a questionnaire that was adapted from the one proposed by GUERRA (2005), which included, questions which enabled the characterization of the group, questions that evaluated the presence of vocal symptoms, and their likely causes, in the singers opinions. The data was analyzed considering numeric values and percentage, of the following: most frequent vocal symptoms and related causes according to gender (male x female); most frequent symptoms and related causes in sopranos and altos; most frequent symptoms and related causes in tenors and bases; overall symptoms and their related causes; and most frequent symptoms in spoken voice, singing voice, and both. In order to perform the statistical analysis, the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 13.0 was used, and the level of significance was established at 5% (0.050). In addition, the Mann- Whitney; Test was used to analyze possible differences between gender and vocal classification, and Spearman s correlation test was used to verify the relationship between vocal symptoms and their possible causes. Results: From the subjects amongst the male gender, 25% did not mention any of the listed symptoms, as well as 22.9% of the female subjects did not mention any of the above mentioned symptoms. The symptoms that were most mentioned were phlegm/secretion, (44,6%, both for male and female), followed by hoarseness (22,9% for female and 26,8% for male) and dry cough (20,5% for female and 14.3% for male). When comparing gender, there was significant difference (p=0,015) in favor of male subjects, with regards to weak voice. With regards to vocal classification, dry throat and dry mouth, differentiate altos and sopranos. Amongst the causes, that were most mentioned by the group, as those which could possibly explain the occurrence of the referred symptoms, were: flu (50,8%), intense use of the singing voice (42,4%) and allergies (41,6%). Conclusions: The vocal symptoms which were most frequently mentioned were phlegm/secretion, hoarseness and wet cough. Hoarseness was the symptom most mentioned in spoken voice, while phlegm/secretion was the most common in singing voice, or both. When corelating with gender, the symptom of weak voice was present in favor of male subjects, and when co-relating vocal classification, the symptoms of dry throat and dry mouth were most common amongst the altos. The subjects showed previous knowledge when relating symptoms to possible causes. Amongst these, the most commonly mentioned were flu, intensive voice usage and allergy. Intense singing and spoken voice usage, respiratory infections, allergies and digestive issues were specifically related to hoarseness / Introdução: Na Fonoaudiologia, são poucas as pesquisas epidemiológicas, principalmente as que investigam as questões com a voz cantada. Objetivo: Este estudo correlacionou os sintomas vocais e suas possíveis causas, de acordo com o sexo e a classificação vocal, em um grupo de coralistas da Cidade de São Paulo. Método: Participaram 143 coralistas (58,7% mulheres e 41,3% homens) de uma universidade da Cidade de São Paulo com idade entre 18 e 45 anos e de classificação vocal diversa. Os participantes responderam a um questionário adaptado da proposta de GUERRA (2005), que incluiu, além de questões de caracterização do grupo, as que tinham como proposta levantar a presença de sintomas vocais e as possíveis causas na opinião dos coralistas. Os dados foram analisados considerando o levantamento numérico e percentual, conforme a ocorrência de: sintomas e causas que mais aparecem segundo o sexo (homens x mulheres); sintomas e causas mais freqüentes em sopranos e contraltos; sintomas e causas mais freqüentes em tenores e baixos; sintomas em geral e causas; e sintomas vocais mais freqüentes na voz falada, cantada e em ambas. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) versão 13.0. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (0,050), para a aplicação dos testes estatísticos deste estudo. Para a análise das possíveis diferenças entre o sexo e classificação vocal foi utilizado o Teste de Mann-Whitney; e a análise de correlação de Spearman foi utilizada com o intuito de verificar o nível de relacionamento entre sintomas vocais e possíveis causas. Resultados: Dentre os homens, 25% referiram não sentir nenhum dos sintomas mencionados, enquanto que 22,9% das mulheres não mencionaram nenhum deles. Os sintomas mais referidos foram pigarro/secreção (44,6%, tanto para mulheres quanto para homens), seguido de rouquidão (22,9% para as mulheres e 26,8% para os homens) e tosse seca (20,5% para o sexo feminino e 14,3% para o sexo masculino). Na comparação referente ao sexo, houve diferença significante (p=0,015) a favor dos homens no que se refere à presença da voz fraca. Na comparação referente à classificação vocal, garganta seca e boca seca, diferenciaram-se contraltos de sopranos. Dentre as causas, as mais mencionadas pelo grupo, como possíveis para explicar os sintomas referidos, foram: gripe (50,8%), uso intenso de voz cantada (42,4%) e quadro de alergia (41,6%). Conclusão: Os sintomas vocais mais mencionados foram pigarro/secreção, rouquidão e tosse com secreção. O sintoma de rouquidão foi o mais mencionado como presente na voz falada, enquanto que pigarro/secreção, na voz cantada ou em ambas as situações. Na correlação com a variável sexo, o sintoma de voz fraca esteve presente a favor dos homens; e na correlação com a classificação vocal, os sintomas de garganta e boca secas estiveram mais presentes entre as contraltos. Os participantes demonstraram conhecimento ao relacionar os sintomas assinalados e suas possíveis causas. Dentre estas, as mais citadas foram gripe, uso intensivo da voz e alergia. Especificamente relacionadas ao sintoma de rouquidão foram citadas as causas de uso intenso da voz (falada e cantada), infecção respiratória, alergia e problemas digestivos

Aim of the research: This essay describes what can happen between the singers in a choral voice and how the individuals differ in taking initiative and acting in leading roles. Method: I have done qualitative interview studies with conductors and singers, and also recording studies. The recording sessions have been done in following choir rehearsals in a Swedish upper secondary school, and with a simultaneous video recording to be able to also take notice on eventual visual signs between the singers. With close up headworn microphones and by multi track recordings it have been possible through an analyzing program to watch graphically exactly how each individual sings and to compare the singers with each other. The recordings and analyses have been done using Cubase5 and Variaudio with printouts of the same sequence of the music the single voices in the same choral voice. Results: My informants all speak of formal and informal leaders in the choral voice. Many of them also talk about these leaders as leading the choral voice and also with their personal voice and timbre, give color to others. It is possible to graphically view differences in attacks and intonation, and also to notice when someone is ahead and “pulling” others to follow. This leading role can be both positive and negative, a confident but not so good singer can unfortunately bring along other singers to take wrong steps in the music.