New, dated impacts discovered on Mars and the Moon provide direct observations of modern bombardment in the inner Solar System and the freshest available examples of recent craters. Their population, morphology, formation and modification processes relate to issues with secondaries and help calibrate cratering chronology models. I use a subset of the new impacts to measure the current production function at Mars. The resulting production function is a factor of approximately four lower than widely-used models, and the size frequency distribution has a shallower slope. This discrepancy between the measured current impact flux and model predictions could be due to many issues, so craters <~50m diameter should not be used for crater age dating unless the uncertainties are understood. I find that these new martian craters are only slightly deeper on average than the expected depth/diameter ratio (d/D) of ~0.2 for simple primaries; the majority would not be mistaken for secondaries based on d/D. A wide spread in d/D indicates that impact conditions or target properties might influence final crater morphologies at these sizes. Extended low-albedo features surround these new craters, presumed to have formed when the impact blast disturbed a surface coating of high-albedo dust, exposing a darker substrate. Some of these features changed drastically over a few Mars years, however, half of the sites show no changes at all. Estimated fading lifetimes cluster around ~7 Mars years. Controls on the amount and rates of fading have yet to be determined. These results show that the current impact production function is not under-sampling new impacts due to fading prior to detection. New craters have also been discovered on the Moon, using similar techniques. Five new impact craters were found that formed within the last ~40 years. Conclusions are unreliable with only these scant statistics, but preliminary comparisons indicate they follow the expected size frequency distribution predicted by the Neukum [1983; Neukum et al., 2001] production function and chronology. This also leads to a very preliminary measurement of the current Moon/Mars cratering ratio at a single diameter, which falls below models by only a factor of approximately six.

No description available.

This dissertation reviews several different sources (i.e., local and foreign documents and archaeological data) in an effort to define and understand the settlement of ancient Angkor Borei, Takeo province, Cambodia, between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500. These sources include Chinese documentaries and inscriptions, and data from an archaeological excavation (AB4) undertaken in 1996 by the Lower Mekong Archaeological Project (LOMAP). Based on the descriptions of early Chinese document records, many Khmer and non-Khmer historians believe that Angkor Borei may have been a capital of one the earliest state/kingdoms in Southeast Asia. As early as the third century A.D., two Chinese diplomats documented the kingdom of Funan located west of Lin-yi in a great bay of the sea. The capitol was 500 li from the sea. On the basis of this account, many historians (Coedes, Briggs, Vickery, etc.) speculate that either Angkor Borei or Ba Phnom was the capitol of the Funan kingdom and Oc Eo was its international port city. Pierre Paris, using investigative aerial photography taken by Victor Goloubew, suggested that there was a canal running from Angkor Borei to Oc Eo in southern Vietnam. The actual site of Angkor Borei as we see it today is on a floodplain surrounded by a wall and an inner and an outer moat. A currently occupied village is built on top of this ancient city. Potsherds and architectural construction remains are scattered across and below the surface of this site. This research presented in this paper is divided into three phases: 1) a review of our knowledge of the site of Angkor Borei based on available documents (Chinese written records, inscriptions, early French archaeological investigation, etc); 2) classification of the ceramic collection of Angkor Borei according to shape, form, decoration, color, wall thickness, paste and other diagnostic characteristics; and 3) construction of the chronological sequences of AB4 and the site of Angkor Borei in general. Through a study of the ceramic collection from the AB4's excavation in 1996 and by use of radiometric dates, this study found six ceramic groups associated with three chronological phases. Phase I (500 - 200 B.C.) contains four ceramic groups, including Burnished Earthenware, Grayware, Slipped Ware, and Cord-marked Earthenware. Some vessel forms (i.e., pedestal bowl, short and tall flare rimmed jar, and carinated bowls) can also be attributed to Phase I. Fine Orangeware is the diagnostic ceramic of Phase II which dates from between 200 B.C. - A.D. 300/200. Cylindrical shaped vessel is the unique form of ceramic in the Fine Orangeware group. Phase III (A.D. 300/200 - 600) contains one ceramic group, Fine Buffware. This Fine Buffware can be found in two distinctive forms: Kendi and pedestalled vase. The results of this typological and chronological research have the potential of providing information on gross patterns of local production and manufacturing traditions through time at Angkor Borei. It will allow the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts of Cambodia and other researchers who are interested in the area and the general time frame (400 B.C - A.D. 500) to develop a more precise regional chronology of the Lower Mekong region of Cambodia.

Inaug-Diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-05-27T18:31:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 962271 bytes, checksum: 5177cbb2c153281ed3beb4f74b340e5b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-05-27T18:32:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 962271 bytes, checksum: 5177cbb2c153281ed3beb4f74b340e5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T18:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 962271 bytes, checksum: 5177cbb2c153281ed3beb4f74b340e5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / For more than 2500 years, many of the great mathematicians interested in the nature and the mysteries of fascinating number Pi , wonderful minds such that Archimedes, Euler, Gauss, Abel, Jacobi, Weierstrass, among others. In this work we will study some of the fundamental properties that characterize the number Pi. We begin our work, proving that the ratio between the length of an arbitrary circumference and its diameter is constant. For this, we use the completeness of the real numbers. This constant is precisely the number Pi. The chapter 2 is dedicated to he study of the irrationality of Pi. We present three proofs, a classical proof, due to Lambert, and two modern proofs due to Cartwright and Ivan Niven. In addition to be irrational, the number Pi is transcendental, that is, there is not a non zero polynomial in one variable with rational coeficients that has Pi as root. This fact was initially proved by Lindemann and as a consequence, the classical problem of squaring the circle has no solution. In the chapter 3 we present , without proof, a more general result, the celebrated Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem, which has a corollary , the transcendence of Pi. Finally, in the chapter 4, chronology, curiosities, approximations and series on Pi are studied. / Por mais de 2500 anos, muitos dos grandes matemáticos se interessaram na natureza e nos mistérios do fascinante número Pi, mentes brilhantes como Arquimedes, Euler, Gauss, Abel, Jacobi, Weierstrass, entre outros. Neste trabalho, estudaremos algumas das propriedades fundamentais que caracterizam o número Pi. Iniciamos nosso trabalho, provando que a razão entre o comprimento de uma circunferência arbitrária e seu diâmetro é constante. Para isto, usamos a completude dos números reais. Tal constante é precisamente o número Pi. O Capítulo 2 é dedicado ao estudo da irracionalidade de Pi. Apresentamos três provas, a clássica, devida a Lambert, e duas provas mais modernas de Cartwright e Ivan Niven. Além de ser irracional, o número Pi é transcendente, isto é, não existe um polinômio não nulo com coeficientes racionais que tenha Pi como raiz. Tal fato foi demonstrado inicialmente por Lindemann e, como consequência, o problema clássico da quadratura do círculo não tem solução. No capítulo 3, apresentamos, sem prova, um resultado mais geral, o celebrado Teorema de Lindemann-Weiertrass que tem como corolário, a transcendência de Pi. Finalmente, no capítulo 4, a cronologia, curiosidades, aproximações e séries sobre Pi são estudadas.

Royal Tocapu in Guaman Poma: An Inca Heraldic?Tocapus are small quadrangles filled with geometric or stylized figurative motives that appear in series on textiles and ceremonial goblets of the Inca and Early Colonial Periods. Various interpretations have been proposed in order to explain their possible significance and meaning, but none to date has been convincing. This preliminary study is based on an analysis of the tocapus represented in the portraits of the Inca Emperors in the famous "Nueva crónica...", by Guaman Poma de Ayala. The systematic method the authors have used opens an innovative way of interpreting a certain number of tocapus, suggesting that they could be associated with specific Sapa Incas. Furthermore, some of those "heraldic" tocapus may be linked to archaeological artifacts on which they figure. Although the sample is small, the context of those objects on which the tocapulike images are found fits with the suggested attributions, which strenghtens the hypothesis. If this hypothesis is supported when applied to a larger sample, it would become a useful tool for the dating of artifacts bearing tocapus. / Los tocapus son cuadrángulos con signos geométricos o figurativos estilizados que aparecen en forma de series en los tejidos y vasos ceremoniales del periodo inca y de los inicios del periodo colonial. Varias interpretaciones han sido propuestas para explicar su posible significado, pero ninguna convincente a la fecha. En este estudio preliminar se propone un análisis de los tocapus representados en los retratos de emperadores incas en la famosa Nueva crónica. El método sistemático que los autores han usado abre una vía innovadora para un cierto número de tocapus, los que estarían asociados a Sapa Incas específicos. Además, se ha podido relacionar algunos de esos tocapus "heráldicos" con piezas arqueológicas en las que figuran. Aunque la muestra es bastante reducida, el contexto de dichos hallazgos concuerda a nivel cronológico con las propuestas de atribución, lo que fortalece la hipótesis. Si esta se verifica con una muestra más amplia, podría constituir una herramienta bastante útil para el fechado de los artefactos con tocapus.

<p>Since their discovery by Burg and Schlesinger in 1937, amine-boranes have enjoyed a rich preparative history and have experienced reinvigorated interest as valuable reagents for organic syntheses. Previously, the Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research has reported their synthesis from NaBH₄ and amines via the intermediacy of (NH₄)₂SO4 or NaHCO₃. Described herein is a CO₂-mediated amine-borane synthesis that accommodates all classes of amines, particularly long-chain trialkyl- and pyridine-like heteroarylamines.</p>

In this dissertation, I present the results of my recent investigation of ceramics from Mozambique Island. This contributes to, and builds upon previous archaeological work that has made a start on describing and dating the ceramic sequence and linking it to the history of the south East African coast over the last 2000 years. The ceramics described and interpreted here come from two excavations. One sample is from within the precincts of a Muslim house, the Abdurrazaque Juma compound located within Macuti-town, south of the urban ‗stone town‘ to the north, where the second sample was excavated from the tribunal courtyard of the Convent of São Domingos. I used a multidimensional analysis to classify the ceramics. The ceramics from the muslim house are dominated by coarse earthenware vessels, and in particular by carinated open bowls. The bulk of this assemblage dates to the early 19th century AD and can be linked to a kitchen. The dominance of carinated bowls functionally indicates rice preparation and consumption and discussion of these ceramics focuses on the domestic context of the household and the work of servants, and possibly slaves. Ceramics from the second excavation provide comparative material that elaborates the ceramic sequence for the Island. This is particularly so for the carinated open bowls that through comparison with other sites along the east African coast, are frequently found in historical contexts dating between the ends of 16th to 20th centuries AD. As a proxy for rice agriculture, the ceramics reported on here contribute to this agricultural sequence and an association with enslaved African populations and elite foodways along East African Coast.

New glacial mapping and 35 cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure ages, the first ever reported from Alaska , constrain the extent and timing of late Pleistocene glacial fluctuations in the western Ahklun Mountain s, southwe stern Alaska. Morphometric and soil relativeage data characterize two main drift units deposited during the Arolik Lake and Klak Creek glaciations , named herein. During the Arolik Lake glaciation (early Wisconsin), outlet glaciers emanated from an ice cap over the central portion of the Ahklun Mountains and deposited moraines at or beyond the modern coast. These moraines have slope angles averaging about 11° and crests averaging about 35 m wide . Four moraine boulders deposited during this glaciation have a weighted mean surface exposure age of 53.6 ± 2.0 36Cl ka. During the Klak Creek glaciation (late Wisconsin), ice-cap outlet glaciers deposited moraines 20-80 km up-valley from Arolik Lake moraines. Valley glaciers expanded from high massifs that fringe the major river valleys in the western Ahklun Mountains and terminated independently from the relatively restricted ice-cap outlet glaciers. Moraines deposited during the Klak Creek glaciation have steeper slopes (mean = -18°) and sharper crests (mean= about 17 m) than do Arolik Lake moraines. Twenty-eight 36Cl ages were obtained from six Klak Creek moraines from three valleys and reveal two phases of glaciation during the late Wisconsin, one from about 25 to 23 36Cl ka, and another from 19 to 15 36Cl ka. An ice-cap outlet glacier moraine underlies a valley glacier terminal moraine, both of which have ages of 18-19 36Cl ka, and indicates that the ice-cap outlet glacier had retreated from its maximum position shortly before the valley glacier reached its maximum position. Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) for reconstructed Klak Creek valley glaciers average about 400 m, which is only about 200 m below the estimated modem altitude. The restricted extent of Klak Creek glaciers might reflect a lack of available moisture as sea ice covered the Bering Sea during the peak of the last global glacial maximum. When compared to the marine oxygen-isotope record, the timing of glacier advances in the western Ahklun Mountains indicates that glaciers responded to both regional and global climate changes.

Spring hunting season for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Mississippi is designed to coincide with peak gobbling activity. The Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (MDWFP) uses brood surveys and hunter observations to forecast gobbling activity. Hunters claimed hunting season does not coincide with regional gobbling peaks. I conducted statewide surveys to assess latitudinal and climatic influences in gobbling activity and used long-term (1996-2008) MDWFP data to evaluate use as a forecasting tool. I observed ≥ 66% of all spring gobbling with an approximate 2-week difference in peak gobbling activity between northern and southern Mississippi. Gobbling in the north was influenced by temperature, wind speed, and cloud cover; in the south, only cloud cover. Long-term data performed poorly predicting gobbling activity (R2 = 0.02 – 0.047, regionally; R2 = 0.06 – 0.09, statewide). Spring hunting season captures most gobbling, including peaks. Data sources should be used cautiously to forecast gobbling activity.