South Africa faces major challenges for public service delivery to its citizens. It is crucial to monitor service delivery needs through effective governance and service administration. Local government is the key functionary of the delivery and development of transformational South Africa. The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) is a conditional grant to municipalities and it complements the equitable share grant for local government. South African municipalities participating in the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) programme are required to establish or share project management units (PMUs). The former Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG) issued guidelines known as MIG Guidelines (2004) for the establishment of the PMUs. The Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework (MIIF) covers the maintenance of roads. The framework for the delivery of municipal infrastructure is based on Chapter 3, section 41 (j) of the Constitution. The purpose of this study is to explore the functioning of the PMU on the basis of the theories of project management and the MIG Guidelines, and to identify its service delivery function with regard to road maintenance. The main contribution of this study is to provide a framework and guidelines for the PMU to extend its further development with regard to the maintenance of roads. / Thesis (Master of Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

South Africa faces major challenges for public service delivery to its citizens. It is crucial to monitor service delivery needs through effective governance and service administration. Local government is the key functionary of the delivery and development of transformational South Africa. The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) is a conditional grant to municipalities and it complements the equitable share grant for local government. South African municipalities participating in the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) programme are required to establish or share project management units (PMUs). The former Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG) issued guidelines known as MIG Guidelines (2004) for the establishment of the PMUs. The Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework (MIIF) covers the maintenance of roads. The framework for the delivery of municipal infrastructure is based on Chapter 3, section 41 (j) of the Constitution. The purpose of this study is to explore the functioning of the PMU on the basis of the theories of project management and the MIG Guidelines, and to identify its service delivery function with regard to road maintenance. The main contribution of this study is to provide a framework and guidelines for the PMU to extend its further development with regard to the maintenance of roads. / Thesis (Master of Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität zu Erlangen.

O objetivo da minha dissertação é estudar a governança da cidade de São Paulo entre 1765 e 1802. Isso significa que me deterei no estudo das práticas e dispositivos de poder que tornavam factível o exercício do mando sobre as populações locais. Para tanto, circunscreverei minha análise em torno da instituição que detinha as prerrogativas dessa ação: a Câmara Municipal de São Paulo. O recorte da minha pesquisa, a capitania de São Paulo na segunda metade do século, permite observar tal problemática em um contexto de franca transformação, resultado das políticas reformistas adotadas pelo Império português nesse contexto. Assim, poderei identificar como essa dinâmica mais geral provocou uma importante inflexão na forma como o governo da cidade era conduzido. / The purpose of my paper is to study the governance of the city of Sao Paulo between 1765 and 1802. This means that I will study the practices and devices of power that enabled the exercise of the command on the local populations. So, I will circumscribe my analysis around the institution that had the prerogatives of this action: the Municipal Council of São Paulo. The aim of my research, the captaincy of Sao Paulo in the second half of the century, allows to observe such question in a context of transformation, result of the reformist politics adopted by the Portuguese Empire in this context. So, I will be able to identify how this dynamic broader caused a major shift in how the government of the city was conducted.

Ineffective environmental policies pose a problem for municipalities as they strive to create sustainable communities. Improving these policies may establish standard practices that assist municipalities in meeting related environmental goals. Statistics show the municipalities within this study operate at different levels of goal achievement. Little is known, however, about the influences that directly affect the development of environmental policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the ways in which public officials address environmental issues and the factors considered in policy discussions that lead to their decisions. The theoretical framework comprised Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition and Arrow's rational choice theory. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of city council members within a region of 10 cities in southern California. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 5 city council members from 4 adjoining cities, 1 city staff member, and 1 agency representative with knowledge of all 10 cities. Data were analyzed with 3 cycles of coding to identify themes and patterns. Emergent themes included meeting community needs, educating the public, being fiscally responsible, and "doing the right thing." Participants recognized the effect of their personal influences and biases, particularly religious beliefs, on environmental policy decisions, although political affiliation appeared to be unrelated to these biases. The implications for positive social change include informing and educating both public officials and community members about regional environmental issues and their related community needs and goals.

English Abstract The essay argues the transformation from business marketing strategies to political ones. It accumulates the empirical data interviewed from the Tai-nan city councilwomen, discusses the advantages and the disadvantages from the interviewers, and provides the modes of position marketing. The essay argues that the politicians should adopt the ¡¥material principle¡¦, ¡¥macro-behavior principle¡¦, and ¡¥productive behavior principle¡¦ as their marketing segmentation systems to get the best investment return rate. The politicians should make self- positioning after adopting the marketing segmentation principles,. The politicians should be aware of the related opponents, make sure the fatal factors of the image positioning, accumulate the images of the politicians from the representative voters according to ¡¥decisive factor¡¦ from the marketing, and analyze the positions of the politicians in the voters. The candidates should thereby discuss the best compositions of the voters¡¦ decisive factors with their staffs and examine the correspondence between the market segmentation and the competitive position of the politicians to accomplish the market positioning.

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Public policy is an ever changing field with practitioners struggling to find the best ways to develop and implement their policies. Auckland City Council's Community Services and Recreation Department is no different. Faced with a rapidly expanding and diverse population, which is also increasingly sedentary and unhealthy, the department wished to explore an approach which would encapsulate and help to solve the issues that they are facing (McDermott, 2009; Rowe, 2008; Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, 2009). A human rights-based approach to public policy development was identified as being part of the answer to Auckland City Council's active recreation challenges. Auckland University of Technology's Institute of Public Policy were contracted to undertake research into this public policy approach, that is increasingly used internationally. Could this be implemented in New Zealand? It is acknowledged that a human rights-based approach to public policy development and implementation can help to promote accountability, empowers and it also involves people in the decision making process and ensures that individuals are not discriminated against (Department of Health, 2007). While a human rights-based approach ensures that international obligations are adhered to, the flow-on effect of implementing a human rights-based approach includes having community "buy-in" to a project or proposal, by making public policy more "person centred" (Department of Health, 2007). Key informant interviews were undertaken in 2009; these highlighted how human rights approaches are currently being implemented in New Zealand, although not necessarily in a methodical or consistent manner. Document analysis was also conducted on key policy documents within New Zealand and the United Kingdom using discourse analysis and a human rights lens. In conclusion it was found that the implementation of a human rights-based approach in Auckland City would help to address the issues presented, such as population changes and inactivity and also help to increase participation amongst non-participants. SPARC's focus has moved towards organised sport, children and youth participation and on elite athletes. Local authorities in New Zealand need to act to ensure that the mental, social, health and economic well-being of their communities is preserved and enhanced through active recreation. Taking a human rights-based approach to active recreation policy development would contribute towards achieving these outcomes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Bryn Mawr College, 1928. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 104-107.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Bryn Mawr College, 1928. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 104-107.