Neste trabalho tratamos dos relatos dos viajantes que estiveram na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1800-1850. Procuramos analisar nos relatos de viagem as suas impressões sobre a cidade, dando ênfase à maneira como esses viajantes viram, interpretaram e descreveram a paisagem e os aspectos urbanos da cidade. Paralelamente percorremos a documentação oficial produzida pela Câmara de Municipal da vila/cidade, para tentarmos perceber qual era o olhar que a autoridade local tinha para com os aspectos relatados pelos viajantes neste período, ao mesmo tempo procuramos analisar as demandas da população sobre o seu espaço. Além desses aspectos, a análise da cartografia histórica desse período permitiu-nos perceber como se dera o crescimento espacial da cidade. Nosso objetivo foi traçar um paralelo entre os diversos olhares sobre Porto Alegre e estabelecer as diferenças e semelhanças entre estes: o “olhar estrangeiro” e o “olhar local”. / This thesis concerns the reports of travelers who came to the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the province of Rio Grande do Sul within the period of 1800-1850. Based on such accounts, we seek to analyze their thoughts about the city, emphasizing the way these travelers saw, interpreted and described the landscape and the urban aspects of Porto Alegre. Simultaneously we go through the official documents produced by the City Council to try to apprehend how the local authorities perceived the aspects related by those travelers during this period, also considering the claims of the local population about the area. Also, the analysis of the historical maps and charts of this period allowed us to understand the spatial growth of the city. Our goal was to make a connection between the many impressions of Porto Alegre and also to establish what are the differences and resemblances between the foreign and the local points of view.

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-17T16:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina.pdf: 1839170 bytes, checksum: 71a6e7183a10ca9a9d53fc20404a3f96 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-17T17:04:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina.pdf: 1839170 bytes, checksum: 71a6e7183a10ca9a9d53fc20404a3f96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T17:04:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina.pdf: 1839170 bytes, checksum: 71a6e7183a10ca9a9d53fc20404a3f96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas são espaços de participação da sociedade, onde há possibilidade de sua atuação conjunta com o Estado. Sua existência é muito importante para fortalecer a democracia, especialmente por causa de características descendentes do período da democratização brasileira como a ênfase na deliberação. No entanto, a literatura aponta limites que ainda não foram transpostos para que os conselhos atinjam seu potencial democratizante. Esta pesquisa analisou como se articulam e como se manifestam a democracia, a participação e a deliberação no Conselho Municipal de Saúde da cidade de São Félix (CMS/SF), na Bahia. A investigação abrangeu o período compreendido entre abril de 2010 e março de 2012, para a qual realizou um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa. As análises partiram de dados coletados em documentos, observação e entrevistas aplicadas aos membros do conselho mencionado. Ao final, a pesquisa identificou um desenho institucional favorável o que não impediu a existência de fragilidade de deliberação, superficialidade do cumprimento da paridade, dúvidas sobre a efetividade deliberativa e uma associação com um tipo formal de democracia. A relevância desta pesquisa está na peculiaridade do campo empírico: contrariando a tendência, este estudo aconteceu em um município de pequeno porte do interior de um estado da região nordeste. / The management councils of public politics are spaces of social participation where there is the possibility of its joint actuation with the State. Its existence Is very important to strengthen democracy, especially because of features come from the democratization period in Brazil with an emphasis in deliberation. However the literature indicates to some limiting points that have not yet been overcome so that the councils fulfill its democratizing potential. This research analyzed how democracy, participation and deliberation articulate themselves and how they manifest in the City Council of Health in the municipality of Sao Felix in Bahia. Therefore a case study with a qualitative approach was made. The analysis came from the data collected in documents, observations and applied interviews to the members of the mentioned council. By the end of the research a favorable institutional frame was identified what did not prevent the existence of fragilities in deliberation, superficiality in fulfilling the parity, doubts about the deliberative effectiveness and association with a kind of formal democracy. The relevance of this study lays on particularity of the empiric field: contradicting the tendency the study was made in a small town in the countryside of a state in northern Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4929.pdf: 3116458 bytes, checksum: 8c157360e091df3f7c0d202ba28ee8a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-17 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This thesis approaches an ordinary practice by the State: public homages, like medals of honor, honorific titles and denomination of public areas. From an ethnographic research of three municipal Legislative Councils, the dynamics of these homages, the actors and factors involved were investigated. It was observed both the bureaucratic and "political" aspects of such homages. An important characteristic of these processes is that they are treated by the politicians themselves as an irrelevant assignment. However, the ethnographical data shows that these activities constitute the majority of projects presented by the council-men. In the interviews granted by council-men, officers and NGO´s members that "observe" the politicians, central terms to think about these practices, such as agreement and blandishment were noted. These terms seem to show a way of interpretation for the high number of homages. There is a pre-established agreement in the Councils to let the homages pass, because they are usually approved as blandishments to a potential or actual electorate. This thesis tries to show the subtleness and the details involved in such cases of public homag. / Esta tese trata de uma prática corriqueira realizada pelo estado: as homenagens públicas, tais como as entregas de honrarias e a denominação de logradouros. A partir de uma etnografia realizada junto a três câmaras legislativas, investigou-se a dinâmica dessas homenagens, os atores e elementos envolvidos. Observou-se desde os trâmites burocráticos até os aspectos entendidos como os mais políticos . Uma característica significat iva desses processos é que eles são tratados pelos próprios políticos como um trabalho irrelevante. Não obstante, os dados etnográficos mostram que essas atividades constituem a maioria dos projetos apresentados pelos parlamentares. Nas entrevistas realizadas com parlamentares, funcionários burocráticos e representantes de ONGs fiscalizadoras dos políticos, nota-se um sobressalto de certas categorias nativas para pensar essas práticas, tais como acordo e agrado. Esses termos parecem mostrar um caminho de interpretação para o elevado número de homenagens. Assim, há um grande acordo pré-estabelecido nas câmaras para que as homenagens sejam aprovadas, por servirem como agrados às bases eleitorais potenciais ou atuais. A tese tenta demonstrar as sutilezas e detalhes inscritos nesses processos de homenagens públicas.

Neste trabalho tratamos dos relatos dos viajantes que estiveram na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1800-1850. Procuramos analisar nos relatos de viagem as suas impressões sobre a cidade, dando ênfase à maneira como esses viajantes viram, interpretaram e descreveram a paisagem e os aspectos urbanos da cidade. Paralelamente percorremos a documentação oficial produzida pela Câmara de Municipal da vila/cidade, para tentarmos perceber qual era o olhar que a autoridade local tinha para com os aspectos relatados pelos viajantes neste período, ao mesmo tempo procuramos analisar as demandas da população sobre o seu espaço. Além desses aspectos, a análise da cartografia histórica desse período permitiu-nos perceber como se dera o crescimento espacial da cidade. Nosso objetivo foi traçar um paralelo entre os diversos olhares sobre Porto Alegre e estabelecer as diferenças e semelhanças entre estes: o “olhar estrangeiro” e o “olhar local”. / This thesis concerns the reports of travelers who came to the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the province of Rio Grande do Sul within the period of 1800-1850. Based on such accounts, we seek to analyze their thoughts about the city, emphasizing the way these travelers saw, interpreted and described the landscape and the urban aspects of Porto Alegre. Simultaneously we go through the official documents produced by the City Council to try to apprehend how the local authorities perceived the aspects related by those travelers during this period, also considering the claims of the local population about the area. Also, the analysis of the historical maps and charts of this period allowed us to understand the spatial growth of the city. Our goal was to make a connection between the many impressions of Porto Alegre and also to establish what are the differences and resemblances between the foreign and the local points of view.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-07T19:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 michellecardosobrandao.pdf: 901685 bytes, checksum: 898e993b1ef8e79d24753d36a8a430f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:49:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 michellecardosobrandao.pdf: 901685 bytes, checksum: 898e993b1ef8e79d24753d36a8a430f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 michellecardosobrandao.pdf: 901685 bytes, checksum: 898e993b1ef8e79d24753d36a8a430f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-31 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho tem como objeto central o rol dos oficiais (Vereadores, Juízes Ordinários e Procuradores) da Câmara Municipal de Vila do Carmo nos anos iniciais do século XVIII, entre 1711 e 1736, momento em que se deu a formação da referida Vila e dos grupos de poder neste cenário. Abordamos, então, os critérios definidores do padrão de acesso aos assentos na Câmara, bem como a origem e o modo como se formou a primeira elite marianense, isto é, o que significava ser um homem bom em Vila do Carmo no contexto apresentado. Paralelamente, exploramos ainda o papel dos oficiais na Câmara, bem como seu funcionamento, abordando também os mecanismos que engendravam as relações entre Rei e municipalidade dentro do quadro de negociação. Partimos, para tanto, do princípio que esta relação além de possibilitar a manutenção da governabilidade régia, promoveu o fortalecimento dos oficiais que através do exercício de mando, consolidaram-se como autoridade e puderam manter sua “qualidade” enquanto um poderoso e proeminente grupo na hierarquia social. / This work has as central object of the list of officers (Councilors, Ordinary Judges and Prosecutors) the Vila do Carmo‟s City Council in the initial years of the eighteenth century, between 1711 and 1736, when was the formation of the Town and groups of power in this scenario. We then define the standard form for access to seats Vila do Carmo‟s City Council and the origin and how it formed the first marianense higth society, ie, which meant being a good man in Vila do Carmo in the context presented. In addition, explore further the role of officers in the Vila do Carmo‟s City Council and its operation, also addressing the mechanisms which has brought relations between King and municipality within the framework of negotiation. We, for both the principle that respect than to allow the maintenance of royal governance, promoted the strengthening of officers through the exercise of leadership, consolidated itself as the authority and could maintain their "quality" as a powerful and prominent group in social hierarchy.

Local research regarding women's contribution to municipal policy is very small. The majority ofresearch focuses on welfare expansion during the early 20th century and only mentions the role ofwomen in some subchapters in their research. Other researchers have mentioned that there is relativelylittle local research that puts women in focus regarding municipal work and that women need to bemapped more clearly. This essay decided to focus on the early 1950's as its starting point and lookdeeper into the women in the city council. With the help of municipal archive materials such as Lists ofMembers and Documents in the City Council, does this thesis aim to investigate what the representationof men and women looked like before and after the election in 1950 in Karlstad municipality? Whattypes of committees did the female city council members participate in? And what issues did the womenin the city council raise in their motions? This was also interesting to contrast with the gender contract. What this case study came to was that the women were very underrepresented in the city council andthey usually behaved in various assignments which meant that they did not break the gender contract.However, some of the women had broken away from the traditional patterns. It turned out, however, thatthe women in the various committees were usually very few, it was usually only a single woman whohad a place in each committee, which indicates that the women were side-by-side in differentcommittees. The motions that the women in the City Council highlighted also pointed out that a genderdistribution, where the women usually worked with only women regarding issues that were expected tobe women's issues.

The purpose of this study is to analyze women’s political representation in Umeå City Council from 1913 to 1946. By analyzing patterns in the representation, it is defined how the representation at a local level has changed over time and why. The article argues that female representation is affected by several factors, especially institutions, structures and actors. The analysis is based on these three, and how they interact. To determine continuity or change in the female presence a qualitativevariable analysis of patterns is applied. The representation is compiled and analyzedusing descriptive statistics and bar graphs. Female representation is continuously low throughout the period studied. The political role of women is characterized bythe male dominance of politics. Women represented in the political areas that were considered lighter, or stereotypical women's territories.

Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Bedryfsielkunde)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes and analyses the water governance and developmental water services education and training needs of councillors in water services authorities (WSAs) in the Northern Cape Province in order to enable them to fulfil their responsibilities as required by the legislative framework in the new dispensation in South Africa. The new South African Constitution ushered in a new legislative framework, which recognises that developmental water supply, sanitation facilities as basic services are local government matters, and that they are in the functional area of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence. The Water Services Act No. 108 of 1997 and a number of Acts of Parliament thereafter, which are a spine for a local government developmental agenda (LGDA) in South Africa, give effect to this determination. Collectively, these Acts and policies have set the LGDA or modernisation of local government for change and marked a departure from the selection, recruitment and deployment of councillors without minimum engineering and technical skills in water and infrastructure planning and development portfolios. This invariably imposes new leadership responsibilities upon a range of hydropolitical councillors in WSAs, and creates the need for a redefined model of representation on the part of councillors from ―resemblance to public capability, accountability, responsibility and responsiveness‖ (Sartori 1968: 465). With the current calibre and breed of councillors in water portfolios and infrastructure planning and development, it appears that the country is facing a leadership crisis that can strike at the very roots of the democratic values of the LGDA system. Without effective, innovative, creative and committed leadership, all anti-poverty strategies may just plug in superficial solutions rather than tackle the root of the problem, namely governance crises in WSAs. Accordingly, 'good enough governance' or radical restructuring of the recruitment, selection and deployment policy in the current water crisis in the Northern Cape should act as a "decontaminator or antiseptic in a germ-infested area" (Cloete 2006:6-19). To extend the analogy further in terms of good enough water governance, the selection, recruitment and deployment of appropriately qualified representatives in bulk water infrastructure planning and development may lead to long-term hydropolitical adaptive capacity to respond proactively to water scarcity in the Northern Cape whereby a discernible set of water governance values and principles will benefit all citizens. Using mixed methods, the researcher found that comparative literature evidence clearly underscores the importance of effective leadership by competent and skilled councillors in water portfolios. It is also significant that academic and independent studies have ignored the oversight role of councillors in water governance. The debates only focus on officials who do not have executive powers under the new LGDA and its administration system. Yet, the current water crisis, extreme weather conditions, climate changes, and protests against poor service delivery provide an opportunity to rethink water governance. The dissertation argues that councillors in water portfolios should have minimum engineering and technical qualifications and that they need to be empowered to be adaptive and apply modern technology solutions. Any reform effort is doomed if this aspect is not addressed sufficiently well in the water sector, as it has been established in this dissertation that there is a clear link between effective leadership and excellent water governance and management. The study is not intended to be prescriptive nor can it claim to be exhaustive, as the researcher continually discovered. In many instances, it may introduce water governance complexities under a LGDA administration and political management system that are unwarranted – and misplaced idealism is always a problem. Thus, for water services to remain a viable "instrument of humanity" especially at a municipal level, it is concluded that more effective competency-based water councillor education and training (CBWCE&T) programmes are required to equip current and future councillors with the water governance skills and intellectual competencies to address the complex challenges they face. The essence of the CBWCE&T is that developmental water services need to engage in a broader governance agenda integrated with other basic services and mutually reinforcing areas of social adaptive capacity to water scarcity under the LGDA. Researchers in the water sector have neglected the hydropolitical role of councillors in determining water governance and the use of water for socioeconomic and developmental outcomes now subsumed under various poverty eradication policies. The unique contribution of this dissertation is that it focuses on this critical role of councillors and the skills they need to execute water governance institutional oversight role. The researcher makes recommendations for enriching the hydropolitical sociology of local government studies, to match the skills requirements, given the complexity of the LGDA and the numerous challenges for councillors in WSAs in the Northern Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en ontleed die waterregerings- en ontwikkelingswaterdienste onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes van raadslede betrokke by waterdienste owerhede (WSAs) in die Noord-Kaap provinsie wat hulle in staat sal stel om hulle verantwoordelikhede na te kom soos vereis deur die wetlike raamwerk van die nuwe bedeling in Suid-Afrika. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet het 'n wetlike raamwerk ingelei wat ontwikkelingswatervoorsiening en sanitasie geriewe, synde basiese dienste, erken as plaaslike owerheidsaangeleenthede; dit funksioneer ook terselfdertyd ingevolge 'n soortgelyke wetlike bevoegdheid op nasionale en provinsiale vlak. Die Wet op Waterdiensteverskaffing, Nr 108 van 1997, asook verskeie daaropvolgende wette deur die Parlement vorm die ruggraat van die plaaslike owerheidsontwikkelingsagenda (LGDA), of te wel, die modernisasie van plaaslike owerheid, in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie wette en beleide het gesamentlik die LGDA bepaal en die afskeid toenemend gekenmerk van 'n seleksie, rekrutering, en aanwending van raadslede wat sonder minimum ingenieurs- en tegniese vaardighede in water- en infrastruktuurbeplanning en -ontwikkeling hul portefeuljes beoefen. Hierdie verwikkelings plaas sonder uitsondering nuwe leierskapsverantwoordelikhede op 'n spektrum van hidropolitieke raadslede in WSAs. Dit skep ook die behoefte aan 'n hergedefinieerde model vir verteenwoordiging deur raadslede wat volgens Sartori (1968: 465) verander van "ooreenkoms na openbare vermoë, aanspreeklikheid en reagerend". Die huidige stoffasie en soort raadslede wat water protefeuljes beklee en die infrastruktuurbeplanning en ontwikkeling laat die gedagte ontstaan dat die land 'n leierskapskrisis tegemoet gaan wat die demokratiese waardes onderliggend tot die LGDA stelsel kan ondergrawe. Sonder doeltreffende, vernuwende, skeppende en toegewyde leierskap mag die teen-armoede strategieë kunsmatige oplossings bied eerder as om die wortel van die probleem aan te durf, naamllik die regeringskrisisse in WSAs. Gevolglik moet 'goeie regering' wat neerkom op radikale herstukturering van die beleid van rekrutering, seleksie, en aanwending in die huidige waterkrisis in die Noord-Kaap geaktiveer word om te dien as 'n "ontsmetter of antiseptiese middel in 'n kiem-besmette gebied" (Cloete 2006: 6-19). Om die analogie van 'goeie waterregering; verder te neem, kan gesê word dat die seleksie, rekrutering en aanwending van toepaslik gekwalifiseerde verteenwoordigers in massa waterinfrastruktuur- beplanning en -ontwikkeling mag lei tot 'n langtermyn hidropolitieke aanpassingsvermoë om proaktief te reageer op waterskaarsheid in die Noord-Kaap waardeur 'n onderskeidende stel waterregering waardes en beginsels alle burgers sal bevoordeel. Met die gebruik van gemengde metodes het die navorser bevind dat getuienis afkomstig van vergelykende literatuuroorsigte duidelik die belangrikheid van doeltreffende leierskap deur bevoegde en vaardige raadslede in water portefeuljes onderstreep. Dit is ook betekenisvol dat akademiese en onafhanklike studies die oorsigrol van raadslede in waterregering geïgnoreer het. Die debat konsentreer slegs op amptenare wat nie uitvoerende magte binne die LGDA en die administrasie het nie. Tog is dit duidelik dat die huidige waterkrisis, uiterste weerstoestande, klimaatsverandering, en proteste teen swak dienslewering geleentheid bied tot 'n herbedink van waterregering. Die proefskrif voer aan dat raadslede oor minimum ingenieurs- en tegniese kwalifikasies moet beskik en dat hulle bemagtig word om aanpassend te wees en moderne tegnologiese oplossings kan toepas. Enige hervorming sal tot mislukking gedoem wees indien hierdie aspekte nie voldoende in die water sektor aangespreek word nie. Dit is vasgestel in die proefskrif dat daar 'n duidelike skakel is tussen doeltreffende leierskap en uitmuntende waterregering en –bestuur. Soos voortdurend ontdek is in die verloop van die navorsing, is die studie nie voorskriftelik, en ook nie uitputtend nie. In vele opsigte bied die studie kompleksiteite aan in waterregering binne 'n LGDA administrasie en politieke bestuurstelsel wat verregaande is; en misplaaste idealisme is altyd 'n probleem. Daarom, vir waterdienste om 'n lewensvatbare 'instrument van menslikheid' te bly veral op die munisipale vlak, is die gevolgtrekking dat meer doeltreffende, bevoegdheidsgebaseerde waterraadslid onderwys en opleiding programme (CBWCE&T) vereis word. Hierdie programme het die oogmerk om huidige en toekomstige raadslede toe te rus met waterregeringsvaardighede en intellektuele bevoegdhede om die komplekse uitdagings wat hulle in die gesig staar, die hoof te bied. Die essensie van die CBWCE&T program behels dat, volgens die LGDA, ontwikkelingswaterdienste sal koppel met die breër regeringsagenda wat ander basiese dienste integreer met die uitdaging van waterskaarsheid deur sosiale aanpassingsvermoëns wat onderlinge ondersteuning vir die verskillende dienste aanbied. Navorsers in water sektor het die hidropolitieke rol van raadslede verwaarloos deur nóg aandag te gee aan hoe raadslede inhoud aan waterregering gee, nóg die gebruik van water vir sosio-ekonomiese en ontwikkelingsdoeleindes soos dit tans ingesluit in verskeie armoede-uitwissingsbeleide, te beklemtoon. Die besondere bydrae van die proefskrif is die beklemtoning van hierdie kritieke rol van raadslede en van die vaardighede wat hulle benodig om 'n institusionele oorsigrol in waterregering te vervul. Die navorser maak aanbevelings vir die verryking van die hidropolitieke sosiologie van plaaslike regeringstudie, om die vaardigheidsvereistes te ontmoet in die lig van die LGDA kompleksiteite en die talle uitdagings in WSAs in die Noord-Kaap.

Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes and analyses the water services education and training needs of councillors in local authorities in the Northern Cape to enable them to implement their legislative framework in the new dispensation in South Africa. It is the proposition of this study that during the transitional period from 1994 to 2003 and thereafter, there is a likelihood of lack of capacity in most local authorities in the Northern Cape to execute their legislative requirements. This invariably imposes leadership responsibilities upon a range of stakeholders and councillors in Local Authorities (LAs), and creates the need for a redefined model of representation on the part of councillors "from resemblance to responsibility and responsiveness" (Sartori 1968: 465). Using literature review to analyse leadership responsibilities of councillors, four priority education and training (E&T) needs of councillors have been identified: • the need to understand water services policy and business cycle within the context of decentralisation and devolution of powers and functions • to local government; • the need for water services business programme management and planning skills; • the need to understand community participation in water services development plans and development processes; and • the need for conflict-resolution skills. Based upon inferences drawn from literature evidence, it is concluded that Local Government (LG) patterns of responses involving the application of managerial and analytical principles grounded firmly in the twentieth century Organisational Development (00) and public service management experience and thoughts, can neither explain nor remedy the complex variables of Local Government Developmental Agenda (LGDA) and/or the complex array of water crises that are unfolding in Northern Cape. Thus, for water services to remain a viable "instrument of humanity" especially at a municipal level, it is concluded that more effective E&T strategies are required to equip current and future councillors with intellectual water business tools to address the complex challenges that lie before them. Furthermore, an Outcomes Based Education (OBE) action-based strategy is offered as an alternative to the current traditional training approaches in Northern Cape. It is also clear from the researcher's interpretations and analysis of LGDA variables that the water services E&T needs and the relevant "gaps" identified are not simply questions of "how to do things". Rather an OBE action-based strategy under LGDA processes involves a fundamental reorientation of all participants in E&T programme for councillors that should be relevant to the special demands of the Northern Cape LAs and councillors. The researcher makes recommendations for enriching the sociology of LG studies, to match the skills requirements, given the complexity of LGDA and numerous challenges for competent and innovative councillors in LAs. Finally, this study is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to complement a number of education and training initiatives commissioned or under preparation by water sector stakeholders in line with Skill Development Act of 1998 and SAQA of 1995 (South African Qualifications Act) processes. KEYWORDS: Best Value Regime, Local Government Developmental Agenda, Spheres of government; local government; socio-economic & political dynamics in transition; decentralisation; constitutional powers and functions of local government; education and training (E&T) needs of councillors in water services; Northern Cape Province. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en ontleed die behoefte aan onderwys en opleiding (E&T) by raadslede in plaaslike owerhede in die Noordkaap, om hul moeilike taak te kan verrig in In veranderende beleidsomgewing in Suid Afrika. Die studie besin daaroor dat daar waarskynlik gedurende die oorgangstydperk vanaf 1994 tot 2003 en ook daarna, In tekort aan bevoedgheid om hul funksies te vervul, by heelwat plaaslike owerhede in die Noordkaap bestaan. Dit is deels In gevolg daarvan dat nuwe verantwoordelikhede op die skouers van die rolspelers en raadslede in plaaslike owerhede geplaas word. Die nuwe rol van raadslede word herdefinieer vanaf verteenwoordiging na verantwoording en optrede; "from resemblance to responsibility and responsiveness" (Sartori 1968: 465). Vier belangrike areas waar onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes ten opsigte van die leierskapsprofiel van Raadslede bestaan, is op grond van In literatuuroorsig ge'identifiseer: • die belangrikheid daarvan om beleid- en besigheidsaspekte van die lewering van waterdienste te verstaan teen die agtergrond van desentralisering en stelselmatige afwenteling van magte en funksies na die plaaslike owerheidsvlak; • die behoefte wat bestaan aan bestuurs- en beplanningsvaardighede met betrekking tot waterdienste en water-ekonomiese aspekte; • In begrip van die rol van die plaaslike gemeenskap in beplanning en uitvoer van ontwikkelingsprojekte vir die lewering van waterdienste; • konflikhanteringsvaardighede. Na aanleiding van die getuienis uit hierdie literatuurstudie word dit duidelik dat die heersende reaksie- en besluitnemingstyle van Plaaslike Owerheid (LG) wat spruit uit beginsels van organisasie ontwerp (00) wat dateer uit die vorige eeu en die staatsdienservaring en -denke van daardie era, nie die komplekse veranderlikes van die nuwe Plaaslike Owerheid Ontwikkelingsagenda (LGDA) kan verduidelik of aanspreek nie, en dus nie geskik is om In dreigende krisis in die Noordkaap te af te weer nie. am waterdienste in die toekoms as 'n voertuig vir die opheffing van agtergeblewe gemeenskappe te kan gebruik, veral op plaaslike owerheidsvlak, is dit belangrik dat huidige en toekomstige raadslede deur middel van effektiewe onderwys - en opleidingstrategiee toegerus word met water-ekonomie kennis en vaardighede. Sodoende sal hulle die komplekse uitdagings wat aan hulle gestel word, die hoof kan bied. 'n Aksie-gerigte strategie gefundeer op 'n uitkomsgebaseerde (aBE) kurrikulum, word voorgestel as plaasvervanger vir die huidige tradisionele onderwysbenadering in die Noordkaap. Dit is duidelik uit die outeur se interpretasie en ontleding van LGDA veranderlikes, dat die ge"identifiseerde onderwys- en opleidings behoeftes en gapings 'n heeltemal nuwe benadering vereis. Die benadering behels 'n deurdagte herorienterinq tot opleidingsprogramme vir raadslede in plaaslike owerhede (LG) in die Noordkaap. Die studie dra by tot die sosiologie van plaaslike owerheidstudie, en wys op die vaardighede, vermoens en innovasie-eienskappe van raadslede wat benodig word om die kompleksiteit van LGDA en die uitdagings in plaaslike owerhede aan te spreek. Ten slotte is die studie nie bedoel om volledig te wees nie maar om wei 'n bydrae te lewer tot die onderwys- en opleidingsinisiatiewe wat voortspruit uit die aksies van belanghebbendes in die water sektor in ooreenstemming met die Wet op Vaardigheidsontwikkeling (1998) en SAKWA (1995).