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Yes / Production of clean fuel has recently become one of the most important goals for petroleum refining industries. The objective of this work is to obtain such clean fuel using simple and easy process under safe conditions. For this purpose, batch oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is considered here to remove sulfur compounds found in light gas oil using a new composite synthetic homemade nano-catalyst. First the support for the new catalyst, which is HY zeolite nanoparticles, is prepared using sol-gel method. The support is then employed to generate the synthetic composite nano-catalyst which is made of copper oxide and nickel oxide using the impregnation method with different proportions of the active components such as: 5% CuO +25 % NiO, 10 % CuO +20 % NiO, 15 % CuO +15 % NiO, 20 % CuO +10 % NiO and 25 % CuO +5% NiO. An excellent distribution of the active metals with high surface area and pore volume as a result high activity has obtained. A fully automated batch reactor is used for the oxidative desulphurization of sulfur compounds and the performance of the new nano-catalyst at different safe reaction conditions (reaction temperature from 353−413 K, reaction time from 30−90 min) is evaluated in terms of sulfur removal.

Yes / The chlor-alkali industries produce caustic soda (NaOH), chlorine (Cl2 ), and hydrogen (H2 ) as primary products. In 2021, the global chlor-alkali market was valued at $63.2 billion. The article evaluates the global aspects of chlor-alkali industries and prospects for Bangladesh. The current production capacity of NaOH from the chlor-alkali industries in Bangladesh is around 282,150 metric tons/year (MT/y). The by-products, chlorine (Cl2 ) of 250,470 MT/y and hydrogen (H2 ) of 7055 MT/y, are produced domestically. The local demand of Cl2 is 68,779 MT/y. However, there are no systematic utilizations of the residual Cl2 and vented H2 , which threatens the sustainability of the chlor-alkali industries. The article prefigures that a 150,000 MT/y PVC plant can utilize 45.2 % of residual Cl2 of chlor-alkali plants, which would be an economical and environmental milestone for Bangladesh. The residual Cl2 can earn revenue of 908 million USD/y, which can be utilized to import ethylene. For the sustainable utilization of vented H2 , production of H2O2 , fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and H2 fuel-cell-based power plant are the feasible solutions. Thus, for the long-term growth of the chlor-alkali industry in Bangladesh and other developing countries, systematic utilization of Cl2 and H2 is the only feasible solution. / This research was funded by ‘BUET Chemical Engineering Forum (BCEF), 001-2020.

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments established a market-based incentive approach to pollution control through the use of tradable allowances for sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions by electric utilities. Many researchers have theorized that this approach will be compromised by state regulatory policies that create incentives for utilities to invest in costly pollution control equipment, inhibiting the formation of a free and competitive allowance market. The pUrpose of this research is to investigate the impact of state regulatory policies on the development of the SO₂ allowance market. More specifically, this research examines whether the geographic distribution of traded SO₂ allowances (as determined by an analysis of EPA Allowance Tracking System data) has been affected by the actions of state regulators. The research also investigates the effect of Title IV on the Virginia coal industry. Several trends in the allowance market are identified in this study, including the declining price of allowances, over compliance at Phase I units, and the geographic patterns of trading. This research only partially supports earlier predictions that states with regulatory policies biased towards costly capital investments in flue gas desulfurization (scrubber) retrofits would become net allowance sellers in the national market. However, the research finds that these state policies, along with several other factors (including the Phase I Extension program, the tax treatment of allowances, and the risk-averse nature of utilities) have contributed to the slow growth in the allowance market. The research also concludes that Virginia low-sulfur coal producers are not benefiting from Title IV implementation. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning