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The purpose of this analysis is to investigate how communication can convey its messages inorder to convince. Climate change is a multi-faceted problem with unique challenges, onekey challenge being the disconnect of opinions between the public, scientists and the politicalsphere. One part of this challenge is effectively communicating the scientific consensus to thepublic. To better understand how visual rhetoric can be deployed in climate changecommunication this essay analyzes a WWF campaign from 2010, which consists of 6 images.The theoretical basis for this analysis is primarily visual rhetoric but also includes theoriesfrom comics and sequential storytelling due to the nature of the images being analyzed.Through its analysis this essay concludes that visual rhetoric is an important and powerfultool for graphic designers amongst others that can be used to reframe and include the viewerin the meaning making process to persuade them, which is especially important in thequestion of climate change.

This dissertation examines social, political, and cultural dimensions of displacement, resettlement planning, and climate change adaptation policy experimentation along Louisiana’s Gulf Coast. I draw upon four years of ethnographic research alongside Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribal leaders, during a period just before and after their resettlement plans garnered $48 million in federal financial support. Through participant observation and interviews with Tribal leaders, their allies, media-makers who covered the Tribe’s experiences, and state planners tasked with administering the federal funds, I examined social encounters produced as the Tribe’s resettlement plans were embraced, circulated, and transformed throughout international media and policy. My analysis points to a number of tensions expressed as Tribal community-driven efforts to address historically produced vulnerabilities collided with government efforts to reduce exposure to coastal environmental hazards. I describe how policies, planning practices, and particular constructions of disaster and community encumbered Tribal leaders’ long-standing struggle for recognition, self-determination and sovereignty, land, and cultural survival. Ultimately, I argue that the state’s allocation of federal resettlement funds has reproduced a colonial frontier dynamic whereby redevelopment is rested upon the erasure of Indigenous histories; identities; and ongoing struggles for self- determination, land, and cultural survival. Using ethnography to interrogate the social encounters produced through adaptation may inform policies, planning processes, and activism in solidarity with those already regenerating social and ecological relationships threatened by racial capitalism, settler colonialism, and climate change. / Anthropology

Pacific Small Island States (PSIS) are in the precarious position as some of the first jurisdictions to grapple with the current and forecasted effects of climate change, such as forced migrations and loss of culture. Yet, islanders' viewpoints are neither often fully understood nor heeded by those at the international decision making levels. Therefore, how and to what extent are PSIS successfully preparing for climate change? This completed study used a mixed methods approach that examines nissology - how islanders view and understand themselves - and its relationship with successful (discussed and defined within the study) adaptation planning. The study also used a mixed methods approach to juxtapose the findings of the nissological and success analyses with a second research question: an in-depth study and analysis of regional and global policymaking entities, and the degrees to which they may influence islanders' preparation for climate change. The study examined 18 PSIS and their Climate Change Adaptation Plans (CCAPs) and then interviewed PSIS' representatives at their respective Missions to the United Nations in New York City to evaluate how PSIS view and foresee current and future policies regarding climate change at the global, regional, and local levels. Then, fieldwork was performed within the United States Territories in the Pacific: American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands to obtain on-the-ground information regarding implementation of plans, policies, and projects. The study attempted to address two specific gaps in the literature via the triangulation of methods and data: the relationship between an island-centric viewpoint of CCAPs and successful climate change as well as how policymaking in the Pacific at the local, regional, and global levels either assisted or hindered successful climate change adaptation policy. The results suggested answers to these two key questions as well as several unexpected or emergent findings. Regarding the two principal research questions, PSIS that crafted their CCAPs in a more nissological or island-centric manner were indicative of states that were foreseen to be more successful in adapting to current and future climate change effects. Next, PSIS that were part of AOSIS, the various regional associations, and those PSIS that had complete sovereignty (independent) were indicative of those PSIS expressing greater overall success at preparing for climate change than those PSIS not meeting these criteria. However, not all PSIS had the opportunity to become members of AOSIS or certain regional organizations for various reasons. Finally, a policy document was created at the end of the study to illustrate some of the best practices based upon this study's findings. Immediately preceding the policy document are other emergent findings indicative of future areas of research and exploration within the realms of nissology, regional associations and partnerships, and successful climate change adaptation. / Geography

Coffea arabica is a species with far-reaching impacts on the global economy. Nevertheless, climate-related challenges threaten the coffee industry at its source: its growing regions. The coffee industry is a significant economic driver in Guatemala, but farmers are increasingly reporting losses in crop yield and arable land due to climate-related challenges. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) can be employed to make predictions about the current and future suitability of regions for a species by identifying significant biotic or abiotic indicators. An ENM was used to project suitable land into the future using climate change projection models known as representative concentration pathways (RCPs), for the coffee plant and a number of other species. Due to the potential of shade trees to lessen heat stress on coffee plants, common shade trees for the region were modeled. Additionally, a fungus species responsible for detrimental coffee leaf rust was modeled. Results of these models indicated potential for substantial climate-related habitat losses for the coffee plant in the coming decades. Examination of model predictions allow for greater understanding of the climate-related variables affecting the ecology of the coffee plant, and the potential risks to the industry, in a changing climate. Additionally, ENM models for coffee rust and shade trees can help Guatemalan farmers make informed decisions about farm management.

Coffea arabica is a species with far-reaching impacts on the global economy. Nevertheless, climate-related challenges threaten the coffee industry at its source: its growing regions. The coffee industry is a significant economic driver in Guatemala, but farmers are increasingly reporting losses in crop yield and arable land due to climate-related challenges. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) can be employed to make predictions about the current and future suitability of regions for a species by identifying significant biotic or abiotic indicators. An ENM was used to project suitable land into the future using climate change projection models known as representative concentration pathways (RCPs), for the coffee plant and a number of other species. Due to the potential of shade trees to lessen heat stress on coffee plants, common shade trees for the region were modeled. Additionally, a fungus species responsible for detrimental coffee leaf rust was modeled. Results of these models indicated potential for substantial climate-related habitat losses for the coffee plant in the coming decades. Examination of model predictions allow for greater understanding of the climate-related variables affecting the ecology of the coffee plant, and the potential risks to the industry, in a changing climate. Additionally, ENM models for coffee rust and shade trees can help Guatemalan farmers make informed decisions about farm management.

2023 / The increasing incidence and intensity of days and spells of extreme heat is expected to continue with climate change, with interconnected and cascading consequences across multiple scales and sectors. In particular, high temperature exposures directly affect population health (e.g., increased risk of hospitalization and death) and cooling energy demand (i.e., the use of residential air conditioning (AC) as adaptation). Heat extremes are often amplified in urban areas due to the thermodynamic properties of the built environment. While we have a strong understanding of the relationship between heat and energy demand, energy and AC, and the impacts of heat on morbidity and mortality, there remain notable knowledge gaps in the dynamics that underpin these relationships, and only a handful of studies are able to explore their linkages together, especially at fine spatial scales. In this dissertation, I combine econometric and epidemiological methods to provide further insights into several dimensions of the intersection of heat, electricity, AC, and health in urban populations, and holistically assess these linked relationships together. In my first chapter, I characterize the response of urban electricity demand to temperature at fine temporal resolution across a subset of world cities, and quantify the impacts of future heat adaptation on net and peak energy demand under mid-century warming. Temperature-demand response functions and future demand impacts are heterogeneous across temperate and tropical cities, highlighting the important role that the structure of electricity demand plays alongside distributional temperature shifts in evaluating the impacts of climate change on future energy demand. In my second chapter, I construct fine spatial resolution estimates of any residential AC across a large set of US metropolitan areas. Inter-urban availability of AC exhibits a strong latitudinal gradient, while intra-urban AC is systematically unequally distributed within cities. This inequality is also negatively correlated with social vulnerability (SVI) and surface urban heat island intensity (SUHI), suggesting that differential AC compounds existing heat health disparities. In my third chapter, I additionally compute individual and ZCTA-level estimates of AC use on extreme heat days alongside individual probability of AC in California cities, and evaluate the differences in the moderating effects of these related attributes of heat vulnerability on heat-related hospital admissions. AC prevalence and AC use are correlated, but both measures of adaptation are only weakly correlated with social vulnerability within cities. The spatial distribution of health risks from extreme heat echoes spatial patterns of increasing social vulnerability, and both AC prevalence and use significantly modify the association between extreme heat and a number of health outcomes. However, effect estimates differ between AC prevalence and AC use, suggesting that AC ownership does not necessarily reflect AC usage, and, crucially, that there remain additional unobserved dynamics driving the heat-adaptation-health relationship. Identifying the underlying factors and determinants of population heat health vulnerability at the local scales in which impacts and adaptation decisions take place is necessary as cities and municipalities develop and refine heat resilience policies and climate adaptation strategies aimed at reducing heat health inequities and improving community well-being.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第25465号 / 地環博第251号 / 新制||地環||50(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)講師 BAARS ROGER CLOUD, 教授 西前 出, 教授 宇佐美 誠 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

This master’s thesis examines aspects of climate change discourse in the news coverage of the climate summit COP28 in the UK’s The Guardian, Germany’s Die Zeit and Sweden’s Dagens Nyheter. Approaching the connection between COP28 and discourse contributes to field of media and climate change as well as climate journalism. By deploying content analysis and critical discourse analysis, my study follows the structure of an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Analysing 138 articles from The Guardian, Die Zeit and Dagens Nyheter about COP28, this thesis offers an overview and an in-depth exploration of summit themes, voices and discourses. Findings suggest a centring on the theme of fossil fuels in connection to a discourse on human related exploitation of resources and emissions as well as environmental damages. A turn to political and scientific authority voices is noticeable and the Global North’s responsibility remains detached from climate action and climate policy.