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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Socioekonomický profil lezců na umělých stěnách v Praze / Socioeconomic profile of indoor climbers in Prague

Klauz, Michal January 2013 (has links)
Title: Socioeconomic profile of indoor climbers in Prague Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the number of indoor climbers in Prague and to describe their socioeconomic profile. Methods: The research part of this thesis was divided into two parts in order to fulfill the objectives: 1. The number of indoor climbers was determined on the basis of number of sold entrance tickets in the particular climbing walls. 2. The personal questioning was used in order to create the socioeconomic profile of indoor climbers The research was conducted in six large climbing walls in Prague during five weeks. There were 360 respondents in total. Results: There are 4 115 indoor climbers in Prague. Their characteristic is following. Proportion of men and women is 3 : 1. The majority of indoor climbers (90%) is younger than 40 years. 71% of indoor climbers do also the rock climbing. Only one third (34%) is a member of Czech Mountaineering Federation. 17% of climbers do not do the indoor climbing in summer and the average number of visits per week declines from 1,9 to 1,2 in summer. There are 68% of economically active indoor climbers and the rest 32% are students. In comparison to the average population in Prague the climbers are considered as higher educated and with higher income. However, the level of...
2

Analysis of Gender and Success-Related Kinematic Differences of Elite Sport Rock Climbers During Competition

Slaugh, Russell 01 May 1998 (has links)
This study compared differences in kinematically based performance success characteristics of elite sport rock climbers during competition both within and across the variable of gender. The purpose of this study was to identify kinematically based performance success and gender differences in elite sport rock climbers for the development of further studies and gender-specific training procedures. The dependent variables included the kinematics of the dynamic grasping hand (DGH) and the center of mass (CM) and the timing of these variables. The participants included both the men and women competitors registered for the 1997 American Sport Climbing Federation's Fall National competition held at the Boulder Rock Club in Boulder, Colorado. Analysis was performed on the top five placing participants in each respective gender category (N = I 0). For comparison within gender, the first through third place finishers were classified as the top performers with a higher degree of performance success than the bottom performers who placed fourth and fifth (n = 5). Adjusted R-squared values were computed by way of multiple regression for the kinematic variables; variables providing adjusted R-squared coefficients greater than .24 were selected for further analysis. A one-way repeated measures ANOV A was computed for the selected kinematic variables and finish place of the participants. Standardized mean difference effect sizes were computed to determine practical significance. No statistical significance was found at or below the .05level of probability for finish place and any of the kinematic variables. Effect size differences were found for the DGH and CM kinematics with the top-performing men and women exhibiting more controlled horizontal movements, and more powerful but still controlled vertical movement. The control of the vertical CM motion indicated by the tops was evident from lesser distances the CM traveled. The kinematics of the CM show the top men and women with less vertical distances traveled, indicating a more efficient movement. Gender differences included the males performing the route segment with slower times but with faster DGH events. The top men provided greater event vertical velocities while the women provided greater horizontal velocities and accelerations. These differences provide considerations for the development of specific training protocols to address performance success based requirements that are gender-specific.
3

Alterações iniciais na dinâmica de regeneração de um fragmento florestal degradado após manejo de trepadeiras superabundantes / Initial changes in the dynamics of regeneration of a degraded forest fragment after superabundant climbers management

Girão, Vanessa Jó 12 December 2014 (has links)
Trepadeiras heliófitas superabundantes podem restringir o avanço da sucessão ecológica em fragmentos florestais degradados pelo fogo e, consequentemente, manter a floresta em condições de reduzida sustentação de biodiversidade e provimento de serviços ambientais. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se o manejo de trepadeiras heliófitas superabundantes possibilitaria favorecer o incremento e crescimento da regeneração natural de arbóreas e arbustivas no fragmento florestal degradado, justificando a ação de manejo como estratégia de restauração. A pesquisa foi realizada em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual de 14 ha, em Piracicaba-SP. Alocamos nesse fragmento 25 parcelas permanentes e, em parte dessas parcelas, manejamos as trepadeiras superabundantes no dossel e, em menor proporção, as trepadeiras na regeneração. Destas parcelas, além da coleta de dados buscamos entender o efeito do manejo nas diferentes etapas da regeneração: banco de sementes, estabelecimento de plântulas, crescimento e sobrevivência dos regenerantes. Para análise, em cada parcela avaliamos inicialmente e,1 ano após as intervenções de manejo, a composição, densidade e comprimento de espécies arbustivas e arbóreas em duas classes de tamanho (DAP > 1,58 cm; comprimento >= 10 cm e DAP <= 1,58 cm), e densidade, comprimento e área basal para as trepadeiras regenerantes. Avaliamos então a distribuição da densidade de trepadeiras, arbustos e árvores no banco de sementes, plântulas estabelecidas e comunidade regenerante e por fim, o efeito do manejo (do dossel e da regeneração) nas etapas da regeneração quanto à composição, densidade, comprimento e área basal. Como resultados, houve predominância das espécies arbóreas e arbustivas apenas no banco de sementes, ao passo que as trepadeiras foram mais abundantes nas etapas seguintes de regeneração. O manejo de trepadeiras do dossel aumentou o crescimento dos regenerantes de arbóreas e arbustivas; trouxe maior mortalidade de trepadeiras e ao mesmo tempo, maior recrutamento de novos indivíduos de mesma forma de vida. Assim, a interferência do manejo ocasionando alta mortalidade de trepadeiras e aumento no crescimento dos regenerantes arbóreos e arbustivos nos traz indicativos da importância de se manejar um fragmento degradado. Ao mesmo tempo, a elevada capacidade da trepadeira em se restabelecer após o manejo evidencia a necessidade de manutenção deste manejo. Ou seja, nossos resultados indicam positivamente o uso do manejo de trepadeiras, desde que haja manutenção até que o dossel possa ser fechado pelas árvores, minimizando a recolonização das trepadeiras. / Superabundant heliophytic climbers can hamper the advance of ecological succession in forest fragments degraded by fire and, consequently, maintain the forest in sub-optimal conditions for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provisioning. Therefore, this work assessed if the management of superabundant heliophytic climbers could favor the growth and density of natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments, justifying climber management as strategy of ecological restoration. The research was conducted in a 14 ha Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment in Piracicaba-SP. We allocated in these fragment 25 permanent plots and, for part of these plots, we managed superabundant climbers at the canopy and, in a smaller proportion, in the understory. We used these plots to understand the management effects in different regeneration phases: seed bank, seedling establishment, growth and survival of saplings. For data analysis, in each plot we evaluated in the beginning of the experiment and one year after management interventions, when we evaluated the composition, density and height of shrub and tree species individuals for two size classes (dbh> 1,58 cm; height >= 10 cm and dbh <= 1,58 cm), and density, height and basal area of regenerating climbers. Then we evaluated the proportion of climbers, shrubs and trees in the seed bank, for seedlings established 1 year after management interventions and, lastly, the effect of climber management in the community composition, density, height and basal area. A higher density of tree and shrub species were only found in seed bank, while climbers were more abundant in the following regeneration stages. The management of climbers in the canopy increased the growth of tree and shrubs saplings and climber mortality, but climber recruitments increased. Overall, climber management increased climber mortality and favored tree and shrub saplings growth, highlighting the importance of managing climbers in degraded fragments. However, the high regeneration capacity of climbers after management reinforce the need of permanent management. Thus, our results support the management of climbers, which is needed until the canopy is close enough to reduce the recolonization of climbers.
4

Bordas florestais com trepadeiras hiperabundantes inseridas em matriz agrícola: estrutura, composição e manejo / Forest edges with overabundant climbers inserted in agricultural matrix: structure, species composition and management

Santos, Cinthia Montibeller 05 February 2019 (has links)
A fragmentação e a perda de habitat são atualmente as principais ameaças à biodiversidade e funcionamento dos ecossistemas florestais. Em florestas tropicais fragmentadas e degradadas, tem sido observado um aumento na densidade, biomassa e na produtividade das comunidades de trepadeiras. Trepadeiras competem com árvores por recursos acima e abaixo do solo, e quando estão hiperabundantes podem alterar a estrutura e composição de espécies dos fragmentos florestais, bem como pode representar um filtro ecológico que mantém a regeneração natural estagnada por décadas. Especialmente nas bordas florestais, as trepadeiras têm se tornado hiperabundantes, mas as suas relações com as árvores e a regeneração natural nas bordas dos fragmentos florestais não são bem conhecidas. Diante disso, o objetivo desta tese foi verificar como trepadeiras em hiperabundância se relacionam com a comunidade arbustivo-arbórea e a regeneração natural em bordas de fragmentos florestais inseridos em paisagens agrícolas, analisar os possíveis desdobramentos dessas relações para a estrutura e composição de espécies nessas bordas e testar o manejo de trepadeiras como ferramenta de restauração da regeneração natural. Para a realização do presente estudo, foram selecionados três fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecídua, que apresentavam visivelmente trepadeiras em hiperabundância em suas bordas. A fim de analisar as relações entre trepadeiras, árvores e a regeneração natural, foram instaladas na borda de cada fragmento, oito parcelas permanentes de 150m2 (10mx15m), 24 parcelas ao todo, onde foram amostradas todas as árvores (DAP >= 5cm). Para o levantamento de trepadeiras, foi alocada uma subparcela de 50m2 (5mx10m) e a regeneração natural foi amostrada em três subparcelas de 4m2 (2mx2m). Foram calculadas variáveis descritoras dos três grupos amostrados, que foram correlacionadas entre si para investigar padrões nessas relações. Posteriormente, foi feita uma análise descritiva da estrutura e composição dessas bordas florestais com trepadeiras em hiperabundância. Para testar o efeito do manejo de trepadeiras em hiperabundância na regeneração natural, foi instalado um experimento de manejo, com corte total de todas as trepadeiras em metade das parcelas permanentes, a outra metade foi controle. As respostas do recrutamento, crescimento em altura, riqueza e composição da regeneração natural foi avaliada um ano após o manejo de trepadeiras. O presente trabalho traz em seu primeiro capítulo uma introdução sobre o papel ecológico das trepadeiras, suas relações com a estrutura de florestas e seu potencial para estagnar a sucessão florestal em fragmentos degradados, traz também o delineamento experimental geral. Nós investigamos no segundo capítulo, as relações entre trepadeiras em hiperabundância, árvores e a regeneração natural e fizemos uma análise descritiva da estrutura e composição de bordas florestais com trepadeiras em hiperabundância, inseridas em paisagem agrícola. No terceiro capítulo, nós demonstramos os efeitos iniciais do manejo de trepadeiras no recrutamento, crescimento em altura, riqueza e composição de espécies na regeneração natural. Trazemos também uma análise do rendimento operacional em função da densidade prévia de trepadeiras. Nós encontramos que a densidade de trepadeiras pequenas (<=2.5cm de diâmetro) e a proporção de árvores que apresentam ocupação severa da copa por trepadeiras (>=75%), têm relação negativa com a estrutura da comunidade arbórea e com a regeneração natural. Já a densidade de trepadeiras grandes (>2.5cm) tem relação positiva com características de floresta madura (maior biomassa e projeção da copa no solo, por exemplo). A estrutura predominante nas bordas estudadas inclui densidades altíssimas de trepadeiras (parcelas com até 78 trepadeiras/árvore) e mais de 80% dos indivíduos com as copas ocupadas por trepadeiras onde, em média, metade dessas árvores apresentam ocupação severa e a regeneração natural está comprometida. Nossos resultados ressaltam evidências que trepadeiras em hiperabundância podem contribuir com a degradação da estrutura da comunidade arbórea e com a supressão da regeneração natural nas bordas florestais. O manejo de trepadeiras proporcionou aumento no recrutamento e na diversidade da regeneração natural já no primeiro de avaliação. Também houve uma tendência de efeito positivo no crescimento em altura de espécies não pioneiras. Essa ação de manejo de trepadeiras em fragmentos florestais degradados é mais rentável comparada a técnicas convencionais de restauração ecológica (plantio de mudas para o reflorestamento de áreas que foram totalmente desmatadas, por exemplo), que são amplamente adotadas no país, indicando ser uma opção economicamente viável. Ao testar o manejo de trepadeiras, reconhecemos que essa prática é útil para a restauração da regeneração natural em bordas florestais com trepadeiras em hiperabundância e, consequentemente, para a retomada da sucessão florestal em fragmentos florestais degradados inseridos em paisagens agrícolas. / Fragmentation and loss of habitat are currently the main threats to the biodiversity and functioning of forest ecosystems. In fragmented and degraded tropical forests, there has been an increase in density, biomass and productivity of climbing communities. Climbers compete with trees for above and below ground resources, and when they are overabundant, they can alter the structure and composition of forest fragments, as well as represent an ecological filter that keeps natural regeneration arrested for decades. Especially on forest edges, climbing plants have become overabundant, but their relationships with trees and natural regeneration at the edges of forest fragments are not well known. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to verify how overabundant climbers relate to the shrub-tree community and natural regeneration on forest edges of fragments inserted in agricultural landscapes, to analyze the possible unfolding of these relationships for the structure and species composition on edges and to test the management of climbing plants as a tool to restore natural regeneration. For the accomplishment of the present study, three fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest were selected, that one visibly presented overabundant climbers in in its edges. In order to analyze the relationships between climber plants, trees and natural regeneration, eight permanent plots of 150m2 (10mx15m), 24 plots in total, were sampled on the edge of each fragment, where all trees (DAP >= 5cm) were sampled. A subplot of 50m2 (5mx10m) was allocated for climber plants samples, and natural regeneration was sampled in three subplots of 4m2 (2mx2m). Descriptive variables were calculated from the three sampled groups, which were correlated with each other to investigate patterns in these relationships. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was made of the structure and composition of these forest edges with hyperabundant climbers. To test the effect of the management of overabundant climbers on natural regeneration, a management experiment was installed, with a total cut of all climbers in half of the permanent plots, four plots, the other half was control. The responses of recruitment, growth in height, richness and composition of natural regeneration was evaluated one year after the management. This work presents in its first chapter an introduction on the ecological role of climbers, their relationships with the forest structure and their potential to stagnate the forest succession in degraded fragments, also brings the general experimental design. We investigated in the second chapter, the relationships between hyperabundant climbers, trees and natural regeneration, and we did a descriptive analysis of the structure and composition of forest edges inserted in agricultural landscape with overabundant climbers. In the third chapter, we demonstrate the initial effects of management of climbers on recruitment, growth in height, richness, and species composition in natural regeneration. We also present an analysis of the operational performance in function of the previous density of climbers. We found that the density of small climber plants (<=2.5cm in diameter) and the proportion of trees with severe crown occupancy by climbers (>=75%) are negatively related to tree structure and natural regeneration. However, the density of large climbers (> 2.5 cm) has a positive relation with mature forest characteristics (greater biomass and crown projection in the soil, for example). The predominant structure in the studied forest edges includes very high densities of climbers (plots with up to 78 climbers / tree) and more than 80% of individuals with crown occupied by climbers where, on average, half of these trees are severely occupied and natural regeneration is compromised. Our results highlight evidence that hyperabundant climbers can contribute to the degradation of the tree community structure and the suppression of natural regeneration at the forest edges. The management of climbers provided an increase in recruitment and in the diversity of natural regeneration in the first-year evaluation. There was also a trend of positive effect on growth in height of non-pioneer species. This action of management of climbers in degraded forest fragments is more profitable compared to the conventional techniques of ecological restoration (planting seedlings for the reforestation of areas that have been totally deforested, for example), that are widely adopted in the country, indicating that it is economically viable. In testing the management of climbers, we recognize that this practice is useful for the restoration of natural regeneration on forest edges with overabundant climbers and, consequently, for the resumption of forest succession in degraded forest fragments inserted in agricultural landscapes.
5

Estudos taxonômicos e morfopolínicos das Cucurbitáceas do Estado de Goiás, Brasil / Taxonomic and morphopolinic studies of the Cucurbitáceas of the State of Goiás, Brazil

Moura, Beryl Eirene Lutz de 29 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-09T20:03:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Beryl Eirene Lutz de Moura - 2017.pdf: 12051632 bytes, checksum: 125bb88e7ee0e8eabcbbaf1161a7c516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T13:25:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Beryl Eirene Lutz de Moura - 2017.pdf: 12051632 bytes, checksum: 125bb88e7ee0e8eabcbbaf1161a7c516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T13:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Beryl Eirene Lutz de Moura - 2017.pdf: 12051632 bytes, checksum: 125bb88e7ee0e8eabcbbaf1161a7c516 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / The family Cucurbitaceae Juss. is include in Cucurbitales order in the clade Eurosids I, 2295 spp., included in 129 tropical and temperate genera distributed in seven families of different morphological and ecological characteristics. The family has 98 genera and 975 species. In Brazil is represented by about 30 genera and 157 species. This work deals with the taxonomic study of plants of the Cucurbitaceae family Juss. found in the State of Goias, Brazil to contribute information to update the Flora of Brazil. Exsiccatae analyzes were performed deposited in national and international herbaria and conducting expeditions in the study area. 19 genera and 40 species in the area were located, so 09 genera and 28 species of native plants. Relative to native plants, Cayaponia Silva Manso gender had a greater number of species (8 spp.), followed by Melothria L. (6 spp.), Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (4 spp.), Ceratosanthes Adans. (3 spp.) Psiguria Neck ex. Arn.and Sicyos L. (2 spp.), and the genres Melothrianthus Mart. Crov., Siolmatra Baill, Wilbrandia Silva Manso, are represented by only one species each. Pollen morphology of six native and two sub-spontaneous species of Cucurbitaceae occurring in the state of Goias, Midwest Region of Brazil, were analyzed with the goal of understanding the palynology and taxonomy of selected species. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, photographed and electromicrographed. Analysis under the SEM was used to elucidate questions about the ornamentation of the exine. Pollen grains are in monads in Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Ceratosanthes tomentosa Cogn., Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaefer & S. S. Renner, Momordica charantia L., Wilbrandia hibiscoides Silva Manso or tetrads in Gurania lobata (L.) Pruski and Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey; average size, large or very large in monads and very large in tetrads. The openings ranged from pores in Cayaponia podantha, colpores in other monads and pores in tetrads. Regarding ornamentation, spiny sexine were registered in Cayaponia podantha, perforated sexine in Melothria campestris, micro-reticulated sexine in Gurania lobata and Psiguria umbrosa and reticulated sexine in other taxa. Results allowed the distinction between genera, indicating that the pollen morphology contributes to the taxonomic studies and the family is considered eurypalynous. These data emphasize the importance of pollen morphology for the diagnosis of genera into Cucurbitaceae. / A família Cucurbitaceae Juss. está inclusa na ordem Cucurbitales, no clado Eurosídeas I, com 2295 spp., inclusas em 129 gêneros tropicais e temperados, distribuídos em sete famílias de diferentes características morfológicas e ecológicas. A família Cucurbitaceae possui 98 gêneros e 975 espécies. No Brasil é representada por cerca de 30 gêneros e 157 espécies. O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico e morfopolínico das espécies nativas da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. encontradas no Estado de Goiás, Brasil a fim de contribuir com informações para atualização da Flora do Centro Oeste e do Brasil e com novos dados para a palinotaxonomia. Para o estudo taxonômico foram realizadas análises de exsicatas depositadas em herbários nacionais e internacionais e realização de expedições na área de estudo. Foram localizados 19 gêneros e 40 espécies para a área, sendo até o momento, compreendendo 09 gêneros e 28 espécies de plantas nativas, 10 gêneros em 13 espécies consideradas cultivadas ou subespontâneas. Em relação às plantas nativas, o gênero Cayaponia Silva Manso apresentou um número maior de espécies (9 spp.), seguido de Melothria L. (6 spp.), Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (4 spp.), Ceratosanthes Adams (3 spp.), Psiguria Neck ex. Arn. e Sicyos L. (2 spp.), e os gêneros Melothrianthus Mart. Crov., Siolmatra Baill. e Wilbrandia Silva Manso são representados por apenas 1 espécie cada um deles. Analisou-se a morfologia polínica de seis espécies nativas e duas subespontâneas de Cucurbitaceae ocorrentes no estado de Goiás, região Centro-Oeste do Brasil; com o objetivo de entender a palinologia e taxonomia de espécies selecionadas de Cucurbitaceae. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolizados, mensurados, descritos, foto e eletromicrografados. A análise sob o MEV foi utilizada visando a elucidação de dúvidas sobre a ornamentação da exina. Constatouse que os grãos de pólen são em mônades em Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Ceratosanthes tomentosa Cogn., Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaefer & S. S. Renner, Momordica charantia L., Wilbrandia hibiscoides Silva Manso ou tétrades em Gurania lobata (L.) Pruski e Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey; tamanho médio, grande ou muito grande nas mônades e muito grande nas tétrades. As aberturas variaram de poro em Cayaponia podantha, cólporo nas demais mônades e poro nas tétrades. Em relação à ornamentação, foram registradas sexina espinhosa em Cayaponia podantha, perfurada em Melothria campestris, microrreticulada em Gurania lobata e Psiguria umbrosa e reticulada nos demais táxons. Os resultados permitiram a distinção entre os gêneros, indicando que a morfologia polínica contribui para os estudos taxonômicos e a família pode ser considerada euripolínica. Esses dados enfatizam a importância da morfologia polínica para o diagnóstico de gêneros em Cucurbitaceae.
6

Alterações iniciais na dinâmica de regeneração de um fragmento florestal degradado após manejo de trepadeiras superabundantes / Initial changes in the dynamics of regeneration of a degraded forest fragment after superabundant climbers management

Vanessa Jó Girão 12 December 2014 (has links)
Trepadeiras heliófitas superabundantes podem restringir o avanço da sucessão ecológica em fragmentos florestais degradados pelo fogo e, consequentemente, manter a floresta em condições de reduzida sustentação de biodiversidade e provimento de serviços ambientais. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se o manejo de trepadeiras heliófitas superabundantes possibilitaria favorecer o incremento e crescimento da regeneração natural de arbóreas e arbustivas no fragmento florestal degradado, justificando a ação de manejo como estratégia de restauração. A pesquisa foi realizada em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual de 14 ha, em Piracicaba-SP. Alocamos nesse fragmento 25 parcelas permanentes e, em parte dessas parcelas, manejamos as trepadeiras superabundantes no dossel e, em menor proporção, as trepadeiras na regeneração. Destas parcelas, além da coleta de dados buscamos entender o efeito do manejo nas diferentes etapas da regeneração: banco de sementes, estabelecimento de plântulas, crescimento e sobrevivência dos regenerantes. Para análise, em cada parcela avaliamos inicialmente e,1 ano após as intervenções de manejo, a composição, densidade e comprimento de espécies arbustivas e arbóreas em duas classes de tamanho (DAP > 1,58 cm; comprimento >= 10 cm e DAP <= 1,58 cm), e densidade, comprimento e área basal para as trepadeiras regenerantes. Avaliamos então a distribuição da densidade de trepadeiras, arbustos e árvores no banco de sementes, plântulas estabelecidas e comunidade regenerante e por fim, o efeito do manejo (do dossel e da regeneração) nas etapas da regeneração quanto à composição, densidade, comprimento e área basal. Como resultados, houve predominância das espécies arbóreas e arbustivas apenas no banco de sementes, ao passo que as trepadeiras foram mais abundantes nas etapas seguintes de regeneração. O manejo de trepadeiras do dossel aumentou o crescimento dos regenerantes de arbóreas e arbustivas; trouxe maior mortalidade de trepadeiras e ao mesmo tempo, maior recrutamento de novos indivíduos de mesma forma de vida. Assim, a interferência do manejo ocasionando alta mortalidade de trepadeiras e aumento no crescimento dos regenerantes arbóreos e arbustivos nos traz indicativos da importância de se manejar um fragmento degradado. Ao mesmo tempo, a elevada capacidade da trepadeira em se restabelecer após o manejo evidencia a necessidade de manutenção deste manejo. Ou seja, nossos resultados indicam positivamente o uso do manejo de trepadeiras, desde que haja manutenção até que o dossel possa ser fechado pelas árvores, minimizando a recolonização das trepadeiras. / Superabundant heliophytic climbers can hamper the advance of ecological succession in forest fragments degraded by fire and, consequently, maintain the forest in sub-optimal conditions for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provisioning. Therefore, this work assessed if the management of superabundant heliophytic climbers could favor the growth and density of natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments, justifying climber management as strategy of ecological restoration. The research was conducted in a 14 ha Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment in Piracicaba-SP. We allocated in these fragment 25 permanent plots and, for part of these plots, we managed superabundant climbers at the canopy and, in a smaller proportion, in the understory. We used these plots to understand the management effects in different regeneration phases: seed bank, seedling establishment, growth and survival of saplings. For data analysis, in each plot we evaluated in the beginning of the experiment and one year after management interventions, when we evaluated the composition, density and height of shrub and tree species individuals for two size classes (dbh> 1,58 cm; height >= 10 cm and dbh <= 1,58 cm), and density, height and basal area of regenerating climbers. Then we evaluated the proportion of climbers, shrubs and trees in the seed bank, for seedlings established 1 year after management interventions and, lastly, the effect of climber management in the community composition, density, height and basal area. A higher density of tree and shrub species were only found in seed bank, while climbers were more abundant in the following regeneration stages. The management of climbers in the canopy increased the growth of tree and shrubs saplings and climber mortality, but climber recruitments increased. Overall, climber management increased climber mortality and favored tree and shrub saplings growth, highlighting the importance of managing climbers in degraded fragments. However, the high regeneration capacity of climbers after management reinforce the need of permanent management. Thus, our results support the management of climbers, which is needed until the canopy is close enough to reduce the recolonization of climbers.
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Vliv kompenzačního cvičení na míru protrakce ramenních kloubů u sportovních lezců / Impact of compensation exercises on forward shoulder posture in sport climbers

Chládková, Karolína January 2017 (has links)
Title Impact of compensation exercises on forward shoulder posture in sport climbers Aims The aim is to decide whether in climbers regulary performing compensation excercises occurs lower rate of forward shoulder posture than in non-excercising climbers. Methods The diploma thesis is a pilot study of quantitative nature with participation of 48 probands. The probands were sports climbers, men and women aged 18-35 with no shoulder pain or disorder. The minimal requiered climbing level was determined to VII UIAA. The data were gained by caliper measure of two anatomical points; cranial part of sternum and anterior part of acromion, both in natural posture and upright posture. All measurements were one-off with the aim to gather the data that were consequently processed and statistically analyzed. Results The results confirmed that compensation exercises have impact on forward shoulder posture. The results did not confirm the same values of protraction on both shoulders. Key words forward shoulder posture, exercise, sports climbers, caliper, physiotherapy, shoulder
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Trepadeiras em afloramentos rochosos no Nordeste oriental do Brasil

LUCENA, Danielly da Silva 09 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-02T13:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Danielly Lucena - Dissertação- PPGBV - 2016.pdf: 2752132 bytes, checksum: cf03071cfad4402b388e0792b1b6f4a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T13:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Danielly Lucena - Dissertação- PPGBV - 2016.pdf: 2752132 bytes, checksum: cf03071cfad4402b388e0792b1b6f4a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / CAPES / O presente trabalho objetivou reconhecer a composição florística e o espectro biológico das espécies trepadeiras ocorrentes em dois afloramentos rochosos no estado de Pernambuco, assim como, analisar a composição florística e síndromes de dispersão, e determinar a influência de fatores abióticos na riqueza de trepadeiras em afloramentos rochosos inseridos em diferentes formações vegetacionais do Nordeste oriental do Brasil. Foi realizado o levantamento florístico do hábito trepador em dois afloramentos rochosos do estado de Pernambuco, nos municípios de Bezerros (Pedra do Cruzeiro) e Triunfo (Pico do Papagaio), através de coletas botânicas períodicas em cada área. Os dados para reconhecimento da composição e similaridade florística, assim como, avaliação da influência de fatores abióticos na riqueza de espécies, foram obtidos de inventários florísticos previamente publicados e referentes a 15 áreas de afloramentos rochosos, localizados nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. Com base nos dados dos dois afloramentos inventariados foram identificadas 58 espécies, 39 gêneros e 20 famílias botânicas. O espectro biológico predominante foi o fanerófito (80%). Dentre as espécies, 62% são amplamente distribuídas e ocorrem nos três domínios fitogeográficos do Nordeste (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). A composição florística das 15 áreas de afloramentos rochosos avaliadas foi de 147 espécies, distribuídas em 67 gêneros e 25 famílias botânicas. Neles a autocoria foi a síndrome de dispersão com maior destaque entre as espécies (44%). Três grupos florísticos foram identificados e dentre os fatores analisados, distância geográfica e tipos de vegetação circundante são os principais responsáveis pela composição florística e agrupamento entre as áreas. A riqueza de espécies apresentou correlação positiva com altitude e negativa com a distância da costa e temperatura, a riqueza de trepadeiras herbáceas apresentou correlação negativa com a precipitação, enquanto a riqueza de trepadeiras lenhosas se manteve constante com a precipitação. As espécies identificadas, apesar de amplamente distribuídas, respondem a um padrão florístico de acordo com os tipos vegetacionais onde os afloramentos rochosos estão inseridos. / This study aimed to recognize the floristic composition and biological spectrum of species of climbing plants occurring in two rock outcrops in the state of Pernambuco, as well as analyze the floristic composition and dispersal syndromes, and determine the influence of abiotic factors on the richness of climbers on rock outcrops inserted in different vegetation formations of the eastern portion of the Brazilian Northeast. The floristic survey of climbers was carried out on two rock outcrops of Pernambuco state, in the municipalities of Bezerros (Pedra do Cruzeiro) and Triunfo (Pico do Papagaio), through periodic botanical collections in each area. Data for recognition of the floristic composition and similarity, as well as for the evaluation of the influence of abiotic factors on species richness, were obtained from previously published floristic inventories relating to 15 areas of rock outcrops, located in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco. Based on data from the two outcrops inventoried 58 species were identified, belonging to 39 genera and 20 botanical families. The predominant biological spectrum was phanerophyte (80%). Among the species, 62% are widely distributed and occur in the three phytogeographical domains occurring in the Northeast (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The floristic composition of the 15 areas of rock outcrops evaluated included 147 species belonging to 67 genera and 25 botanical families. Autochory was the predominant dispersal syndrome among species (44%). Three floristic groups were identified and among the factors analyzed, geographic distance and types of surrounding vegetation are primarily responsible for the floristic composition and grouping among the areas. Species richness was positively correlated with altitude and negatively with distance from shore and temperature, the richness of herbaceous vines was negatively correlated with precipitation, while the richness of woody vines remained constant with precipitation. The species identified, although widely distributed, respond to a floristic pattern according to the vegetation types where the rock outcrops are located.
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Ekologické rozdíly mezi bylinami a dřevinami a evoluce bylinnosti / Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit

Klimeš, Adam January 2020 (has links)
Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit Adam Klimeš, doctoral thesis Abstract Flowering plants (angiosperms), which make up most present-day vegetation, were originally woody. While flowering plants have repeatedly given rise to herbaceous lineages since their first appearance, we lack a clear explanation for these common evolutionary events. Freezing temperatures and drought periods have been proposed as factors which had caused huge success of the younger growth form but the evidence is very limited and not in favour of these hypotheses. In this thesis, we aimed to build the foundations of research on the evolution of herbs. We outlined new potential drivers of the evolution of herbs, suggested solutions to some methodological challenges and provided evidence about differences between herbs and woody plants relevant to the hypotheses on herb evolution. To this end, we used common garden experiments with young plants of both growth forms and global trait data from public databases which we evaluated using phylogenetic comparative techniques. Annuality of aboveground biomass and fast life-strategy of herbs are characteristics which differentiate them from woody plants and which in some conditions are expected to be behind their success. Apart from the...
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Smärtupplevelse och träningsmetoder hos barn och ungdomar som tävlar i bouldering. : En retrospektiv enkätstudie under 2016 på klättrande barn och ungdomar i Sverige

Olsson, Torbjörn January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Idag finns en begränsad vetskap hur svenska elitsatsande barn och ungdomar som klättrar upplever smärta i fingrarna eller vilka träningsvanor de har. Detta kan leda till ökad risk av överbelastningsskador. En ökning av stressfrakturer på fingrarnas tillväxtzoner i de yngre åldrarna visar en felaktig utveckling. Fingerträning bör inte förekomma hos barn och ungdomar under 18 år. Syfte: Att kartlägga barn och ungdomars upplevda smärta i fingrarna och deras träningsvanor samt att undersöka samband mellan smärtupplevelse och träningsvanor. Material och metod: Utövarna har fyllt i en enkät gällande smärtupplevelse i fingrarna under 2016. Vidare undersöktes specifik fingerträning och övriga träningsvanor. Deltagarna delades in i ålderskategorier 9-13 år samt 14-19 år och kön. Resultat: Utav 86 deltagare genomförde 63 enkätundersökningen. Majoriteten 68.3 % använde specifika fingerträningsmetoder. Hos pojkar och den äldre ålderskategorin hade 30 % upplevt så mycket smärta i fingrarna att det påverkat deras träning negativt. 79.4 % av deltagarna tar hjälp av tränare. Det fanns ett starkt signifikant positivt samband (r = 0.355) mellan antalpass per vecka och upplevelse av smärta i fingrarna. Det var även en starkt signifikant negativ korrelation (r =-0.450) mellan att ta hjälp av tränare och ålder. Konklusion: Majoriteten av deltagarna använder sig av specifik fingerträning trots rekommendationerna att inte använda detta. Hälften upplever någon forma av smärta i fingrarna. Majoriteten har en tränare, vilken har ansvar för träningen. Tränaren behöver bli bättre på att övervaka individernas träningsvanor och deras fysiska status. Föräldrar, individ och tränaren behöver samarbeta bättre för säkrare träningsformer. / Background: There is limited knowledge of Swedish young elite level climbers and their experienced pain in the fingers and training habits. An increased expose of an overload injuries is at risk. Epiphyseal fractures of fingers growth zones reveals that the sport is developing in an unwanted way. Despite recommendations of specific finger training should not be a part of the training it is still common. Objective: To identify experience of pain in the fingers and training habits and to analyze the relationship between pain perception and exercise habits. Materials and Methods: The examined group filled out a questionnaire retrospective of their experience of pain in the fingers and exercise habits during 2016. The participants were divided into age categories (9-13 years and 14-19 years) and sex. Results: Out of a total 86 participants 63 completed the questionnaire. The majority 68.3 % used specific finger training methods. The boys and the older age group, 30 %, experienced so much pain in the fingers that it affected their training negatively. 79.4 % of participant’s took help from a coach in their training. There was a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.355) between the number of workouts per week and the experience of pain in the fingers. There was also a highly significant negative correlation between the use of trainers and age (r=-0.450). Conclusion: The majority of participants use specific finger exercise despite recommendations not to use it. Furthermore the majority have a coach. The coach is responsible for the training and need to be better of monitoring the individual's exercise habits and their physical status (injuries, strengths, weaknesses). Parents, the climber and their coach need to work better and closer together to increase safer training methods.

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