Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 laperutaneto_j_dr_botfca.pdf: 2768401 bytes, checksum: 338080756314f0ac76b64ee591f2a757 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A irrigação localizada tem como características principais a economia e um alto grau de uniformidade de distribuição de água. A irrigação localizada por gotejamento tem como componente principal os gotejadores que se encontram inseridos nas linhas laterais de gotejamento e são os grandes responsáveis pela economia de água e pela uniformidade de distribuição de água. Contudo, apesar dessas vantagens, esse sistema é também suscetível a uma série de fatores que alteram seu funcionamento, afetando a uniformidade de distribuição de água, conseqüentemente prejudicando a cultura, refletindo no lucro do produtor. Um desses fatores que afetam o funcionamento dos emissores é o depósito de partículas provenientes da água utilizada para irrigação. Essas partículas influenciam na variação da perda de carga mangueira da mangueira gotejadora. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a perda de carga em três modelos de mangueiras gotejadoras, duas com emissores coaxiais e uma com emissores nãocoaxiais, encontradas comercialmente em três condições distintas, quando novas, após 500 horas de uso com uma água rica em ferro e com emissores totalmente entupidos. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de ensaios de equipamentos de irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” – Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. Primeiramente foram executados ensaios para obtenção do diâmetro interno, espessura da parede, área da seção do tubo com emissor inserido e vazão média das mangueiras gotejadoras, com base nas normas ISO 9261:2004 e NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, características essas importantíssimas, pois influenciam diretamente na perda de carga das mangueiras gotejadoras. Com base nesses ensaios, verificou-se que os valores encontrados e suas variações estavam dentro... / The main characteristics of localized irrigation are the economy and high uniformity of water distribution. In drip irrigation the main component are the emitters placed on the side of drip lines largely responsible for saving water, and the uniformity of water distribution. Despite these advantages, this system is also susceptible to a number of factors that affect its operation, affecting the uniformity of water distribution, causing damage to the culture, reflecting the profit of the producer. One of those factors that affect the operation of the emitters is the deposit of particles from the water used for irrigation. These particles cause wear of the walls of the drip lines and emitters and can lead to clogging. This study aimed to evaluate the head loss in three models of drip lines commercially available in three different conditions, when new, after 500 hours of use with rich iron water, and with clogged emitters. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory testing of irrigation equipment at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. First tests were performed to obtain the constructive characteristics of drip lines, based on ISO 9261:2004 and NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, all important characteristics that affects directly the pressure drop of drip lines. Based on these results, it was found that the values and their variations were within the values established by standard, showing good quality in the manufacture of these drip lines. After that, the main head loss and local head loss in sites established in the sidelines of these drip lines were obtained. Based on these results it was found that the equations showed in the literature still needs adjustments with respect to the conditions that were subjected the drip lines. It was found that the non-coaxial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Raimundo Leite Cruz / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: João Luis Zocoler / Banca: Tarlei Arriel Botrel / Banca: Helton Rogério Mazzer / Resumo: A irrigação localizada tem como características principais a economia e um alto grau de uniformidade de distribuição de água. A irrigação localizada por gotejamento tem como componente principal os gotejadores que se encontram inseridos nas linhas laterais de gotejamento e são os grandes responsáveis pela economia de água e pela uniformidade de distribuição de água. Contudo, apesar dessas vantagens, esse sistema é também suscetível a uma série de fatores que alteram seu funcionamento, afetando a uniformidade de distribuição de água, conseqüentemente prejudicando a cultura, refletindo no lucro do produtor. Um desses fatores que afetam o funcionamento dos emissores é o depósito de partículas provenientes da água utilizada para irrigação. Essas partículas influenciam na variação da perda de carga mangueira da mangueira gotejadora. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a perda de carga em três modelos de mangueiras gotejadoras, duas com emissores coaxiais e uma com emissores nãocoaxiais, encontradas comercialmente em três condições distintas, quando novas, após 500 horas de uso com uma água rica em ferro e com emissores totalmente entupidos. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de ensaios de equipamentos de irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. Primeiramente foram executados ensaios para obtenção do diâmetro interno, espessura da parede, área da seção do tubo com emissor inserido e vazão média das mangueiras gotejadoras, com base nas normas ISO 9261:2004 e NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, características essas importantíssimas, pois influenciam diretamente na perda de carga das mangueiras gotejadoras. Com base nesses ensaios, verificou-se que os valores encontrados e suas variações estavam dentro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main characteristics of localized irrigation are the economy and high uniformity of water distribution. In drip irrigation the main component are the emitters placed on the side of drip lines largely responsible for saving water, and the uniformity of water distribution. Despite these advantages, this system is also susceptible to a number of factors that affect its operation, affecting the uniformity of water distribution, causing damage to the culture, reflecting the profit of the producer. One of those factors that affect the operation of the emitters is the deposit of particles from the water used for irrigation. These particles cause wear of the walls of the drip lines and emitters and can lead to clogging. This study aimed to evaluate the head loss in three models of drip lines commercially available in three different conditions, when new, after 500 hours of use with rich iron water, and with clogged emitters. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory testing of irrigation equipment at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. First tests were performed to obtain the constructive characteristics of drip lines, based on ISO 9261:2004 and NBR 12:02.08-21/1986, all important characteristics that affects directly the pressure drop of drip lines. Based on these results, it was found that the values and their variations were within the values established by standard, showing good quality in the manufacture of these drip lines. After that, the main head loss and local head loss in sites established in the sidelines of these drip lines were obtained. Based on these results it was found that the equations showed in the literature still needs adjustments with respect to the conditions that were subjected the drip lines. It was found that the non-coaxial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Introduktion: Buller definieras som oönskat ljud. Uppfattningen av ett oönskat ljud är mycket individuellt. Det som anses vara oljud för en person, kan upplevas som icke-oljud för en annan person. Buller anses dock generellt som störande ljud och är vanligtvis något som varje individ stöter på under sin vardag som exempelvis på arbetsplatsen, skolan, eller i hemmet. Buller anses vara den miljöstörning som berör flest människor i Sverige. Det är ett växande problem och flygtrafik anses vara en av de mest genomgripande utomhusljudkällorna. Bullerproblem som är förknippade med flygtrafik är koncentrerade i områden nära flygplatser, vilket kan påverka flera tusentals boendes hälsa. Flygtrafikbuller har länge varit ett folkhälsoproblem och många människor som är bosatta i närheten av en flygplats har utvecklat ett antal negativa hälsoeffekter av flygtrafikbuller Syfte: Att undersöka hur boende som är bosatta nära flygplatsen Linköping City Airport upplever och påverkas av flygtrafikbuller.  Metod: Studien har utförts som en enkätundersökning med en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign. Webbenkäten som har använts som mätinstrument har konstruerats för att besvara syftet. 292 vuxna individer (>18år), varav 158 män och 133 kvinnor, deltog i studien. Insamlad statistiska data har bearbetats och analyserats i SPSS. För att kunna besvara syftet har följande statistiska tester använts: chi2-test, spearmans-korrelationsanalys och logistisk regressionsanalys.   Resultat och konklusion: Boende som är bosatta i Tannefors visade överlag positiva upplevelser till flygtrafiken och var positivt inställda till flygplatsen. De boende som upplevde störningar minst varje vecka vissa delar av året upplevde att flygtrafikbuller medför svårigheter att utföra olika aktiviteter. Kvinnor i den yngsta åldersgruppen upplevde flygtrafikbuller som mer störande jämfört med män. Män hade en mer negativ inställning till flygplatsen jämfört med kvinnor. Boende som rapporterade sämre hälsotillstånd, sömnproblem och användande av öronproppar eller något annat hörselskydd för att kunna sova bättre, sämre sömnkvalitet, trötthet, obehagskänslor, ledsenhet och nedstämdhet, osällskaplighet och att man föredrar att vara ifred, irritation och vresighet, stress, lock eller tinnitus i öronen meddelade också ett större besvär för flygtrafikbuller. / Introduction: Aircraft noise is an example of unwanted sound. The perception of unwanted sound is very individual. What is considered noise by one person may be perceived as non-noise by someone else. However, noise is generally regarded as disturbing noise and is usually something that each individual encounters in their daily life, such as in the workplace, at school, or at home. Noise is considered to be the form of environmental disruption that affects the most people in Sweden. It is a growing problem, and air traffic is considered to be one of the most pervasive outdoor sound sources. Noise problems associated with air traffic are concentrated in areas close to airports, which can affect the health of thousands of residents. Air traffic noise has long been a public health problem, and many people living near an airport have developed a number of negative health effects due to air traffic noise. Purpose: To study how residents living near Linköping City Airport experience and are affected by air traffic noise.   Method: The study has been conducted as a questionnaire survey with a quantitative crosssectional design. The online survey that has been used as a measuring instrument has been designed to answer the purpose. 292 adult subjects (> 18 years), including 158 men and 133 women, participated in the study. Collected statistical data has been processed and analysed in SPSS. In order to answer the purpose, the following statistical tests have been used: chi2 test, Spearman’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusion: Residents living in Tannefors generally had positive experiences from air traffic and were positive towards the airport. The residents who experienced disturbances at least every week during certain parts of the year felt that air traffic noise caused difficulties performing various activities. Women in the youngest age group experienced air traffic noise as more disturbing compared to men. Men had fewer negative attitudes towards the airport compared to women. Residents who reported poorer health conditions, sleep problems and the use of earplugs or other hearing protectors to be able to sleep better, poorer sleep quality, fatigue, discomfort, sadness and depressed mood, low morale, a desire to be left alone, irritation and grief, stress, clogged ear or tinnitus also started that air traffic noise was a major inconvenience.