Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat, Münster (Westfalen), 2004.

Credit unions are traditionally small, community-embedded and co-operatively-owned financial services organizations that developed to correct various market failures. Recent changes to regulatory policy in the financial services industry in Canada, coupled with advances in technology and urbanization of the population, have led to numerous mergers and consolidations among credit unions, particularly in Western Canada. This has the potential to undermine some of the historic benefits of CUs when compared to other financial services organizations, as it may require credit unions to begin to operate more like banks. My thesis provides a detailed examination of how senior leaders in one large Western Canadian credit union are handling these issues, and explores what the broader implications might be for policy and governance of credit unions in Canada. Using data collected through semi-structured interviews with top management and board members, this study provides insight into senior leaders’ perceptions of and responses to competing institutional logics in a credit union. Implications for policy, as well as decision-making surrounding co-operative governance, strategy, and structure will be discussed.

Orientador: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o potencial de geração de energia a partir da queima direta e da decomposição anaeróbia de resíduos sólidos orgânicos agroindustriais e dos efluentes líquidos, que tem se mostrado ao longo dos últimos anos técnicas viáveis para geração de energia neste segmento produtivo. Na grande maioria dos casos, os resíduos orgânicos agroindustriais não são destinados adequadamente ou geram grandes custos de tratamento, o que interfere diretamente na competitividade e no custo do produto a ser disponibilizado ao cliente. A Unidade Agroindustrial estudada é de grande porte, e está localizada no município de Rio Verde (GO), tendo como atividades principais o abate de aves e suínos, produção de produtos industrializados, incubatório e fábrica de rações. Foram levantados os principais resíduos orgânicos, bem como os principais parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos dos efluentes líquidos gerados neste complexo industrial, e utilizadas as equivalências para determinação da geração de gás metano e biogás com base na literatura. O potencial médio mensal energético foi de 30.808 GJ/mês, e caso haja o aproveitamento energético, isto pode representar uma produção de energia térmica equivalente de 17.758 GJ/mês e um potencial médio mensal de produção de energia elétrica equivalente de 4.112 MWh. O custo orçado para implementar o sistema de aproveitamento energético foi de R$ 11.564.000,00, o que corresponde a um payback descontado de 37 mese... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this work was to analyze the potential of energy from the direct burning and anaerobic decomposition of organic solid agroindustrial residues and liquid effluents, which has been shown over the last years viable techniques for the generation of energy in this productive segment. In the vast majority of cases, organic agro-industrial wastes are not properly destined or generate large treatment costs, which directly interfere with the competitiveness and cost of the product to be made available to the customer. The Agroindustrial Unit studied is of great size, and is located in the municipality of Rio Verde (GO), whose main activities are the slaughter of poultry and pigs, production of industrialized products, hatchery and feed mill. The main organic wastes were collected, as well as the main quantitative and qualitative parameters of the liquid effluents generated in this industrial complex, and the equivalences were used to determine the generation of methane and biogas from other published scientific works. The average monthly energy potential was 30,808 GJ / month, and in case of energy utilization, this can represent an equivalent thermal energy production of 17,758 GJ / month and an average monthly potential of equivalent electric energy production of 4,112 MWh. The budgeted cost to implement the energy recovery system was R$ 11,564,000.00 which corresponds to a discounted payback of 37 months, showing it be possible to make the necessary investment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This dissertation research resulted in the development of a Fe based catalyst with Co as a co catalyst, and Ru and ZnO as promoters. The role of Cu and K as promoters and the effect of SiO2 as an alternate support to gamma- Al2O3 were also investigated. A series of Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis were prepared. The different promoters were incorporated into the catalyst by impregnation The catalysts were characterized by several methods. The catalytic performance of these materials for F-T synthesis were investigated in a newly designed fixed bed reactor system in the gas phase. It should be noted that the three phase slurry bubble reactors systems are commercially preferred. The reaction conditions were varied for benchmarking the Fe-Zn-K/ gamma- Al2O3 catalyst and for the bimetallic Fe-Co-Zn/ gamma- Al2O3 catalyst and to identify optimal process parameters for further catalyst designs. The H2:CO ratio used in this study was 2. The newly designed catalysts showed significantly high activity towards CO conversion (>70 %), along with low selectivity towards CO2 (5 -15 %) and methane (ND - 3 %). The data show that varying the process conditions, it is possible to achieve narrow distribution of the liquid products. The results employing Fe-Zn-K catalysts showed that an increase in pressure increased the mean carbon chain length. In contrast, an increase in temperature resulted in a decline in the average carbon chain length. Increasing the feed flow rate, or in other words decreasing the residence time of the reactants and the intermediates, resulted in a decrease in the average carbon number in the product hydrocarbons. The evaluation of the effect of process conditions on the performance of Fe-Co-Zn catalysts revealed that the effect of pressure on the carbon chain length was reversed. Increasing the pressure from 250 to 350 psig decreased the carbon chain length. The increase in temperature, however, resulted in a decrease in the carbon chain length as observed in the Fe-Zn-K catalysts. Fe catalysts groups containing different proportions of Co were prepared. It was determined that an Fe:Co ratio of 4:1 is sufficient to obtain high CO conversions with a high selectivity towards liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon distribution on the other hand remained almost unchanged due to a change in the Co content. The use of silica, as opposed to alumina as the catalyst support, enhanced the CO conversion and the selectivity of the process towards liquid hydrocarbons. The methane and CO2 selectivities on both the supports remained unchanged. However, a significant difference in the liquid hydrocarbon distribution was observed. Addition of K to the catalyst resulted in a change in the liquid hydrocarbon distribution in that a slight increase in the heavier hydrocarbons was observed. A series of Fe4Co1Zn0.04 based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, in which the different amounts of Ru are incorporated by the impregnation were also studied. The results showed the incorporation of Ru suppressed the CH4 formation at the cost of increasing the CO2 selectivity.

Introduktion/bakgrund:Situp är troligtvis den övning de flesta generellt relaterar till vid träning av magen och det är en övning som de flesta provat på. Forskningen visar olika resultat vad gäller muskelaktivitet i bålen vid övningen situp beroende på övningens utförande och om man fixerar fötterna eller inte.  Syfte:Syftet med studien var att undersöka muskelaktiveringen i bålen vid olika former av situps.  Metod:Fyra personer rekryteras till studien där de fick genomföra 3 stycken olika former av situps. Den första formen av situps genomfördes med ett motståndsband runt fötterna och där en kontraktion i hamstringsmuskulaturen genomfördes. I övning nummer tvåfixerades fötterna mot golvet och i tredjeövningen fick deltagarna genomföra situpsen på valfritt sätt men med samma knävinkel som de två tidigare.  Resultat:Samtliga deltagare följde ett mönster där muskelaktiviteten i rectus femoris var lägst i den övning där kontraktion i hamstrings utfördes och högst under övningen med fixerade fötter. Tre av 4 deltagare fick högst muskelaktivitet i rectus abdominis vid övningen där fötterna fixerades mot underlaget men 3 av 4 deltagare uppnådde lägst muskelaktivitet i obliquus externus under samma övning.  När deltagarna fick genomföra situps på valfritt sätt så blev resultaten väldigt varierande. En deltagare fick högst muskelaktivering i både rectus abdominis och obliquus externus medans 2 deltagare fick lägst aktivitet i rectus abdominis. Konklusion: Kontraktion i hamstrings innebär lägst aktivitet i rectus femoris. Fixerade fötter skapar störst muskelaktivitet i rectus abdominis. Fria fötter är att föredra för störst muskelaktivitet i obliquus externus.

Increasingly, drug-induced liver injury is one of the main reason for drugs to be withdrawn from the market even after passing toxicity studies in pre-clinical and clinical trials because of risks of toxicity and ineffective treatments. Human immortalised hepatocyte cell lines used in drug testing are widely available, inexpensive and easy to culture. However, these cell lines are commonly known to have poor predictive capabilities and improved in vitro hepatic models are required for predicting hepatotoxicity of large numbers of compounds in drug discovery. In this study, the primary goal was to develop an improved in vitro human hepatic model using a combination of the C3A human hepatic cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), for prediction of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Initial experiments showed that co-culture of HUVEC:C3A in EGM-2, an endothelial medium, was essential to support both cell types, and that co-cultures maintained the initial cell seeding ratio of 1:1 (HUVEC:C3A) after 3 days. Phenotyping of co-cultured cells using platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31) for HUVECs, and hepatic epithelial (EpCAM) markers for C3As demonstrated that at ratio 1:1 (HUVEC:C3A), there is cross-talk between HUVECs and C3As and cells in co-culture showed properties of self-organisation. This interaction resulted in improved hepatic metabolic activity in vitro in respect of albumin synthesis and cytochrome P450 activity. Treatment with low (5 mM), intermediate (10 mM) and high doses (20 mM) of APAP, showed that prediction of hepatotoxicity using specific kits for cell viability and mitochondria function, was significantly improved in C3As in the presence of HUVECs, thus demonstrating an in vitro human hepatic co-culture could be an invaluable model for drug toxicity studies. We observed that the intermediate APAP dose had no effect on cell viability and mitochondrial function in co-cultures, whilst by comparison both lactate levels and oxidative stress were perturbed in mono-cultures. Co-cultures also up-regulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in HUVECs following APAP exposure, which may be important in modulating the toxic effect of APAP on C3As. To further improve the in vitro liver-like model, Matrigel™ was incorporated to promote vascular formation by HUVECs and support hepatic organization, migration and function of C3As. In HUVEC mono-cultures, Matrigel™-promoted vascularization, haptotaxis and self-organization and in HUVEC:C3A co-cultures formation of structures reminiscent of liver sinusoids and maintenance of hepatic albumin synthesis and CYP3A4 activity. Time-lapse imaging showed haptotactic migration of hepatocytes towards endothelial cells, with Matrigel™ likely having a chemotactic effect on HUVECs and C3As, resulting in interconnected vascular network. APAP inhibited angiogenesis in HUVEC mono-cultures whereas APAP had no effect in HUVEC:C3A co-cultures. In conclusion, the development of an in vitro human organotypic co-culture model of HUVECs and C3As significantly enhanced hepatic function, demonstrated by significant improvement in hepatic metabolism, evidence of greater resistance to APAP toxicity, and improved cell-cell communication. Co-cultures markedly modulated APAP hepatotoxicity compared with C3A mono-cultures. Furthermore, co-culture of HUVECs and C3As using a complex basement membrane biomatrix (Matrigel™) produced a self-assembling interconnected vascular network, improved hepatocyte function as well as reproducibility of responses to APAP toxicity. The application of the described co-culture models may improve the accuracy, efficacy and predictive power of drug toxicity testing strategies in drug development.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, 2007. / Submitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-09-03T16:59:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MariaFatimaMeinbergCheade.pdf: 415416 bytes, checksum: 56c1c10cd9fd4cb3ed35c92660b730b9 (MD5) / Rejected by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br), reason: Favor proteger o arquivo antes do carregamento para o sistema. on 2009-09-08T16:12:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-09-15T15:05:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MariaFatimaMeinbergCheade.pdf: 415416 bytes, checksum: 56c1c10cd9fd4cb3ed35c92660b730b9 (MD5) / Rejected by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br), reason: jksadfhaisud on 2009-09-18T13:12:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-09-18T13:19:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MariaFatimaMeinbergCheade.pdf: 415607 bytes, checksum: 9c2f07c377eeecba84d4a9a4b237c43c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2009-10-01T16:06:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MariaFatimaMeinbergCheade.pdf: 415607 bytes, checksum: 9c2f07c377eeecba84d4a9a4b237c43c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-10-01T16:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MariaFatimaMeinbergCheade.pdf: 415607 bytes, checksum: 9c2f07c377eeecba84d4a9a4b237c43c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a evolução clínica da tuberculose em pacientes portadores de HIV/aids em Campo Grande, MS, de 2003 a 2005. Coletaram-se dados secundários em prontuários clínicos de pacientes maiores de 14 anos portadores de HIV/aids com diagnóstico de tuberculose atendidos em uma unidade hospitalar de ensino e referência em doenças infectoparasitárias. Estabeleceu-se o perfil sociodemográfico com base nas variáveis sexo, etnia, município de residência, ambiente de moradia, escolaridade e idade. Identificaram-se os dados clínicos da tuberculose, os resultados dos exames diagnósticos, o tipo e duração do tratamento, os encerramentos de tratamento e as condições clínicas dos pacientes segundo seu comprometimento imunológico. Compararam-se os registros de atendimento provenientes do Sistema de Informação Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM). Os resultados revelaram 66 pacientes portadores de HIV/aids acometidos por tuberculose no período. O tempo decorrido entre o diagnóstico de tuberculose e o de HIV/aids foi de até um ano em 66,6% dos pacientes. Houve predomínio de homens, cor branca, escolaridade de até oito anos, residência em Campo Grande (capital estadual), moradia no meio urbano e idade de 24 a 34 anos. Predominou a apresentação clínica da tuberculose na forma pulmonar. As formas extrapulmonares, incluindo a ganglionar periférica, ocorreram em índices maiores que os esperados. Em fase avançada do comprometimento imunológico, a apresentação clínica mista foi predominante, seguida da pulmonar. Confirmou-se que a modificação da apresentação clínica da tuberculose relaciona-se com a imunossupressão causada por HIV. Apesar das dificuldades em se estabelecer o diagnóstico de tuberculose nesses pacientes, os resultados dos exames se revelaram mutuamente complementares. Houve maior número de pacientes curados com uso simultâneo de anti-retrovirais e com uso regular de terapia antituberculose. Em oito pacientes iniciou-se o tratamento antituberculose com diagnóstico presuntivo, neles se observando com maior freqüência o comprometimento imunológico e a apresentação clínica extrapulmonar. Quatro desses pacientes morreram. No total, 11 pacientes morreram no período de dois anos após início do tratamento da tuberculose, entre eles 10 casos com notificação de aids, sendo que seis desses óbitos ocorreram durante os seis meses iniciais do tratamento. As formas de encerramento identificadas foram cura, abandono, óbito e transferência do local de atendimento. Quanto à vigilância e controle da tuberculose, detectaram-se subnotificações e falhas nos registros, que indicaram como causa de morte a tuberculose. Verificaram-se discordâncias entre os registros dos prontuários e as informações do SINAN-TB. Demonstrou-se a importância do acompanhamento clínico e a necessidade de diagnósticos precoces da tuberculose e da infecção por HIV, de modo a dar início a tratamento adequado e evitar agravamentos e internações. A investigação diagnóstica da tuberculose em infectados por HIV deve ser incentivada nos serviços de saúde, com registros consistentes dos atendimentos. Nos serviços de referência para pacientes portadores de HIV/aids, as ações de vigilância e controle da tuberculose devem ser observadas em todos os atendimentos. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS carriers in Campo Grande, the state capital of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2005. Secondary data were collected from clinical medical records of patients older than 14 years who were HIV/AIDS carriers, had been diagnosed with tuberculosis, and were provided care at a teaching hospital that is also a referral center for infectious and parasitic diseases. The sociodemographic profile of the patients was based on the variables gender, ethnic group, county of residence, residence environment, instructional level, and age. Clinical data on tuberculosis were collected, as was information on the diagnostic tests conducted, type and length of treatment, type of end of treatment, and clinical status according to the degree of immune impairment. The records available from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Hazards (SINAN) were compared with those from the Information System for Mortality Data (SIM). As many as 66 HIV/AIDS carriers were found to have acquired tuberculosis in the period of study. The dates of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS diagnoses differed by no more than one year in 66.6% of the patients. Male patients predominated, as did white skin, instructional level of up to eight years, residence in Campo Grande, residence in urban areas, and age of 24-34 years. Also predominant was the pulmonary form of tuberculosis. The rates of extrapulmonary forms, including those of peripheral lymph node presentation, were higher than expected. In patients with advanced immune impairment, the pulmonary plus extrapulmonary presentation predominated, followed by the pulmonary form. The findings also corroborated that changes in the clinical presentation of the disease can be related to the immunosuppression caused by HIV. Despite the difficulties in diagnosing tuberculosis in these patients, the exams were found to be mutually complementary. In most patients, cure was obtained with the concomitant use of antiretrovirals and antituberculosis drugs. Based on presumptive diagnosis, antituberculosis treatment was begun in eight patients, among whom immune impairment and extrapulmonary disease were more frequently found. Four of them died. Overall, 11 patients died within two years of tuberculosis treatment, 10 of which were notified cases of AIDS. Six of these deaths occurred within the first six months of treatment. Four reasons for end of treatment were reported in the data sources: cure, dropout, death, and transfer to another health care center. With regard to tuberculosis surveillance and control, underreporting was detected, as were flaws in the records, which mentioned tuberculosis as the cause of death. Disagreements were found between data from medical records and those from the tuberculosis register of SINAN. The findings demonstrate the relevance of clinical follow-up and the need for early diagnosis both of tuberculosis and of HIV infection, so that adequate treatment can be started in order to prevent a decline in the patient's condition and hospitalizations. Diagnostic investigation of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients should be encouraged in health services, and the consistency of records should be improved. In referral services for HIV/AIDS carriers, actions toward the surveillance and control of tuberculosis should be an integral part of all patient visits and all care procedures provided.

Neste trabalho foi realizada a modificação química de poli(etileno-coacetato de vinila) (EVA com 8 mol% de acetato de vinila), pela introdução de óxido de limoneno, através de reação via radical livre, para posterior utilização como agente promotor de adesão em filmes multicamadas em sistema EVA-8/poliamida. As reações foram realizadas em câmara de mistura tipo Haake, durante 15 minutos, a 160ºC e com velocidade dos rotores de 40 rpm. O iniciador de radicais livres foi o peróxido de benzoíla. Foi verificado que o processamento do EVA não acarretou processos de degradação ou reticulação do polímero. Filmes de EVA modificado foram prensados durante 3 minutos, sob pressão de 200 Kgf a 150 ºC, contra substrato de poliamida. Os filmes foram submetidos ao ensaio de delaminação para verificar a adesividade. Diferentes teores de óxido de limoneno e de peróxido de benzoíla foram utilizados para avaliação do melhor teor de agente modificante. Os resultados obtidos são similares aos obtidos com EVA-8 mol% modificado por metacrilato de glicidila, agente largamente utilizado para produção de adesivos industriais. O óxido de limoneno é baseado numa matéria-prima natural e abundante, apresentando potencial como adesivo para polímeros que apresentem grupamentos co5 reativos à função orgânica “óxido”, podendo sofrer reação, como no caso das aminas (nas poliamidas) e das hidroxilas (nos polímeros com grupos “-OH” livres na cadeia principal). / Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA-8 with 8 mol% of vinyl acetate) was modified by reaction with limonene oxide, for subsequent use as agent adhesion promoter in multi-layers EVA-8/polyamide films. The reactions were accomplished in a blender type Haake, by 15 minutes, at 160ºC and rotor’s speed of 40 rpm. It was verified that EVA-8 processing did not produced degradation or crosslinks reactions in the polymer structure. Films of modified EVA were pressed for 3 minutes, under 200 kgf of pressure at 150 ºC, against polyamide layers. The films were submitted to the delamination test to verify the adhesiveness. Different limonene oxide and benzoil peroxide tenors were used for the modification of EVA and evaluation of the best relation between the components. The results were similar to the obtained with EVA-8 modified by glycidyl methacrylate, a broadly agent used for production of industrial stickers. The limonene oxide is based on a natural and abundant raw material, presenting an adhesive potential for reacting systems, where polymers that present co reactive groups to the oxide organic function can react, as in the case of the amines (in the polyamides) and of the hydroxyl (in the polymeric ones with groups "-OH" in the main chain).

As etapas do trabalho constituíram-se de busca nas bases de dados; limpeza e organização dos nomes de autores e de instituições; análises estatísticas e de redes sociais; correlação entre a co-invenção e co-autoria, a partir da ocorrência de autores co-ativos – que publicaram tanto patentes como artigos - nos dois tipos de documentos; correlação entre os assuntos dos artigos e das patentes a partir do mapeamento dos assuntos proposto por Glänzel e Schubert (2003) e dos códigos da Classificação Internacional de Patentes (CIP). A Biotecnologia no Brasil caracteriza-se por apresentar uma forte interação entre Ciência e Tecnologia, o que significa que os inventores transitam entre as duas esferas e produzem tanto publicações científicas como tecnológicas, principalmente no âmbito da universidade. Os resultados mostram que no ranking da produção científica, lideram as universidades públicas (federais e estaduais) e instituições de pesquisa. Observou-se que há intensa colaboração entre estes dois tipos de instituições, com a formação de clusters com laços fortes, não acontecendo colaboração destas com empresas, de forma efetiva. No ranking da produção tecnológica, as empresas depositantes não figuram entre os primeiros lugares, ficando estes ainda ocupados pelas universidades, instituições de pesquisa e de fomento. Muitos depositantes e inventores encontram-se isolados nas análises de redes sociais, confirmando a predominância de redes diádicas ou a falta de formação de redes de co-autoria de patentes na área da Biotecnologia. Encontra-se um núcleo de preferência para a co-autoria em artigos situado entre 3 e 7 autores. Em patentes, os co-ativos demonstram a preferência pela produção individual ou em pequenas equipes. Os autores e instituições coativas que mais possuem patentes são também aqueles que mais publicam artigos, apresentando uma relação entre produção de artigos e patentes. A co-autoria encontrada nas publicações de patentes se repete nas publicações científicas, demonstrando uma interação entre C&T, que alcança um percentual de 70,7% de interação entre a produção científica e tecnológica. Esta interação também foi observada a partir da co-classificação, atingindo o percentual de 83,4%. As patentes que mais possuem convergência entre co-autoria e co-classificação são aquelas que possuem menor número de co-ativos. A hipótese H1, que afirmava que os autores co-ativos mais produtivos em C&T pertencem a redes de co-autoria interpessoais mais densas, não foi comprovado. Considera-se que as técnicas da cientometria utilizadas neste estudo possibilitaram a análise da interação entre C&T na área da Biotecnologia no Brasil. / The research work analyzes the interaction between science and technology (S&T) from a scientometric approach, using co-authorship and co-classification techniques. It aims to demonstrate the movement of Biotechnology researchers and inventors from Brazil across the scientific and technological spheres by means of correlating their articles and patents. The corpus comprises 2.584 articles and 194 patents collected from INPI´s Patents Application Database and WebofScience, in that order. The research work included data collection, cleaning and organization of author’s and institutional names; statistical and social networks analysis; correlation between co-invention and co-authorship through occurrence of coactive authors – who published both articles and patents - in both types of documents; correlation between articles and patents subjects from mapping the subjects suggested by Glänzel e Schubert (2003) and the codes of international patents classification (IPC). Biotechnology in Brazil is characterized by presenting a strong connection between S&T, which means that inventors move through both domains and produce both technological and scientific publications, manly within the university. The public universities (federal and state)and research institutes lead the ranking of scientific production. There was evidence of intensive collaboration between these two types of institutions, configuring a cluster with strong bonds, but not showing collaboration with companies, in an effective way. In the ranking of technological production, the depositing companies were not listed among the first place, in which figures universities, research institutes and financing bodies. Many depositors and inventors are isolated in the social networks analysis, showing the predominance of dyadic networks or the lack of patent networks configuration in the Biotechnology field. There is a preference to co-authorship articles in groups situated around 3and 7 authors. In patents, the coactive authors showed preference for individual production or in small groups. The coactive authors and institutions that have more patents are also those that publish articles the most, showing a relation between production of articles and patents. The co-authorship found in patent publications was also found in the scientific publications, indicating an interaction between S&T, reaching 70, 7% of interaction between scientific and technological production. This interaction was also observed by means of co-classification, reaching a percentage of 83, 4%. The patents that have more convergence among co-authorship and co-classification are those that have a minor number of coactive authors. The H1 hypotheses, which asserts that the most productive coactive authors in S&T belong to more dense interpersonal co-authorship network, was not proven. It is considered that the scientometrics techniques used in this study enabled the analysis of the interaction between S&T in Biotechnology field in Brazil.

60f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-03-07T11:04:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos%20Frederico%20Uchoa%20seg.pdf: 499564 bytes, checksum: 49b4c0dea9106ab965d7a14054220b11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vania Magalhaes(magal@ufba.br) on 2013-03-14T12:26:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos%20Frederico%20Uchoa%20seg.pdf: 499564 bytes, checksum: 49b4c0dea9106ab965d7a14054220b11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-14T12:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos%20Frederico%20Uchoa%20seg.pdf: 499564 bytes, checksum: 49b4c0dea9106ab965d7a14054220b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma análise econométrica dos preços da gasolina brasileira, evidenciando uma relação de equilíbrio não-linear com os preços do petróleo no mercado internacional e com a taxa de câmbio. Na parte teórica são expostos os métodos de análise de variáveis cointegradas com modelos de correção de erros não-lineares TAR e MTAR. Além disto, é mostrado que a estimação feita na forma tradicional não possibilita tal procedimento em virtude de suas limitações conceituais. Os resultados mostram que preços da gasolina recuperam, em média, 90% das discrepâncias negativas de um período para outro. No entanto, apenas 5% diferenças positivas são ajustadas, ou ainda não são recuperadas. / Salvador