Activated coagulation Factor XII (FXIIa) elevates blood pressure (BP) acutely by stimulating adrenomedullary catecholamine (CA) release in Brown Norway (BN) bioassay rats. These effects are absent in kininogen-deficient BN Katholiek (BNK) bioassay rats, indicating that these FXIIa-induced responses require an intact kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). In three hypertensive anephric pediatric patients, ΔFXIIa concentrations tracked peri-dialytic ΔBP. We hypothesized that FXIIa exerts a vasoconstrictor pro-hypertensive action, via the KKS, particularly evident in chronic renal failure (CRF). In CRF patients (n=11) receiving conventional hemodialysis, mean plasma FXIIa concentrations were 3-fold (p<0.05) greater than in healthy controls. Although conversion from conventional to nocturnal hemodialysis did not change mean FXIIa concentrations there was intra-session variation within individuals, such that ΔFXIIa concentrations correlated with changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP, r=0.66, p=0.026) and total peripheral resistance (TPR, r=0.75, p=0.007). In normotensive BN rats, FXIIa infusion (85 ng/min/kg for 60 mins) increased MAP (10±1 mmHg), TPR (0.5±0.1 Units), and CA, whilst left-ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and heart rate decreased (all p<0.05). After adrenalectomy, FXIIa infusion decreased MAP (5±1 mmHg), did not raise CA or induce sustained vasoconstriction, and caused a greater fall in LVEDV (all p<0.05). In the 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rodent CRF model, MAP and TPR were significantly greater in BN NX (n=16) than in BNK NX (n=15) (147±4 vs. 133±2 mmHg, 2.8±0.2 vs. 2.3±0.2 Units; all p<0.05). Plasma FXIIa measured using our semi-quantitive ELISA was 3-fold higher in both BN NX and BNK NX than in controls (p<0.01), but only correlated with MAP (r=0.48, p=0.01) in the BN NX. Plasma CA were elevated in the BN NX (p<0.05) but not in BNK NX. Infusion of a specific FXIIa inhibitor into BN NX decreased MAP (-12 mmHg) and TPR (-0.5 Units) proportionally to baseline FXIIa (ΔMAP: r=-0.72, p=0.002; ΔTPR: r=-0.57, p=0.021), and plasma CA fell by 40-67% (all p<0.05). No such changes occurred in the BNK NX. In summary, a significant component of the hypertension of CRF can be attributed to FXIIa-induced vasoconstriction mediated via the KKS and stimulated CA release. In normal rats, FXIIa appears also to directly or indirectly decrease preload and heart rate.

Activated coagulation Factor XII (FXIIa) elevates blood pressure (BP) acutely by stimulating adrenomedullary catecholamine (CA) release in Brown Norway (BN) bioassay rats. These effects are absent in kininogen-deficient BN Katholiek (BNK) bioassay rats, indicating that these FXIIa-induced responses require an intact kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). In three hypertensive anephric pediatric patients, ΔFXIIa concentrations tracked peri-dialytic ΔBP. We hypothesized that FXIIa exerts a vasoconstrictor pro-hypertensive action, via the KKS, particularly evident in chronic renal failure (CRF). In CRF patients (n=11) receiving conventional hemodialysis, mean plasma FXIIa concentrations were 3-fold (p<0.05) greater than in healthy controls. Although conversion from conventional to nocturnal hemodialysis did not change mean FXIIa concentrations there was intra-session variation within individuals, such that ΔFXIIa concentrations correlated with changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP, r=0.66, p=0.026) and total peripheral resistance (TPR, r=0.75, p=0.007). In normotensive BN rats, FXIIa infusion (85 ng/min/kg for 60 mins) increased MAP (10±1 mmHg), TPR (0.5±0.1 Units), and CA, whilst left-ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and heart rate decreased (all p<0.05). After adrenalectomy, FXIIa infusion decreased MAP (5±1 mmHg), did not raise CA or induce sustained vasoconstriction, and caused a greater fall in LVEDV (all p<0.05). In the 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rodent CRF model, MAP and TPR were significantly greater in BN NX (n=16) than in BNK NX (n=15) (147±4 vs. 133±2 mmHg, 2.8±0.2 vs. 2.3±0.2 Units; all p<0.05). Plasma FXIIa measured using our semi-quantitive ELISA was 3-fold higher in both BN NX and BNK NX than in controls (p<0.01), but only correlated with MAP (r=0.48, p=0.01) in the BN NX. Plasma CA were elevated in the BN NX (p<0.05) but not in BNK NX. Infusion of a specific FXIIa inhibitor into BN NX decreased MAP (-12 mmHg) and TPR (-0.5 Units) proportionally to baseline FXIIa (ΔMAP: r=-0.72, p=0.002; ΔTPR: r=-0.57, p=0.021), and plasma CA fell by 40-67% (all p<0.05). No such changes occurred in the BNK NX. In summary, a significant component of the hypertension of CRF can be attributed to FXIIa-induced vasoconstriction mediated via the KKS and stimulated CA release. In normal rats, FXIIa appears also to directly or indirectly decrease preload and heart rate.

The adenovirus (Ad) family consists of 52 different human types, which are divided into seven species (A-G). Human Ads cause disease in the respiratory tract, lymphoid tissue, intestine, urinary tract, and/or in the eye. Most, but not all Ads have been demonstrated to use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as an efficient receptor in vitro, but CAR has been questioned as an in vivo-receptor for various reasons. Thus, there are reasons to believe that Ads use other mechanisms for binding to target cells. In an attempt to investigate the impact of tear fluid during in vitro infection of ocular Ads (i.e. Ad37), using corneal cells, we found that human tear fluid promoted infection of an Ad with pronounced respiratory tropism (i.e. Ad5) used here as a control, but surprisingly not of Ad37. Furthermore using a virus overlay protein blotting assay we found that Ad5 bound to several tear fluid proteins. One of these, human lactoferrin (hLf) which is a component that belongs to the innate immune system in various body fluids, was alone able to promote both binding and infection of all species C Ads (Ad1, Ad2, Ad5, Ad6) in epithelial cells. hLf was also found to promote gene delivery (GFP) from an Ad5-based vector. Further we have identified lactoferricin (Lfcin), the N-terminal part of hLf, as to be responsible for this effect. We also show that plasma, saliva, and tear fluid promote infection of Ad5 in respiratory and ocular epithelial cells, and that plasma promotes infection of Ad31. The component in plasma that is responsible for this effect is likely to be coagulation factor IX (FIX) and X (FX), since both these factors were able to promote binding and infection of Ad5 and/or Ad31 in epithelial cells. Finally, we show that the excess of fiber production from initial Ad infection and the release of fibers before the particle itself is released caused masking of the tropism-specific receptors in both infected and non-infected surrounding cells. This means that the overproduction of fibers affects the ability of Ad to spread within tissues. We conclude that soluble components in body fluids, such as hLf, FIX, and FX have the ability to mediate binding and infection of selected human Ads (species C and Ad31) in epithelial cells that represent the tropism of these Ads. We suggest that these components may serve as bridges between the virion and the cell surface. This is contributes to the knowledge about Ad lifecycle, and might help to improve the de-/retargeting of gene therapy based on Ad vectors.

No description available.

Background Haemodilution and hypothermia induce coagulopathy separately, but their combined effect on coagulation has not been widely studied. Fibrinogen concentrate can correct dilutional coagulopathy and has an additional effect when combined with factor XIII concentrate. However, their effect on dilutional coagulopathy concomitant with hypothermia has not been studied previously. Free oscillation rheometry – FOR (Reorox®) – is a novel viscoelastic haemostatic assay that has not been studied in this context before. Methods Blood from 10 healthy volunteers was diluted by 33% with hydroxyethyl starch or Ringer’s acetate solutions. Effects of fibrinogen added in vitro with and without factor XIII were studied at 33°C and 37°C. Coagulation velocity (coagulation time) and clot strength (elasticity) were assessed with FOR. Coagulation was initiated in vitro with thromboplastin alone, or thromboplastin plus a platelet inhibitor. Results Hydroxyethyl starch increased the coagulation time and decreased clot strength significantly more than Ringer’s acetate solution, both in the presence and absence of a platelet inhibitor. There was a significant interaction between haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch and hypothermia, resulting in increased coagulation time. After addition of fibrinogen, coagulation time shortened and elasticity increased, with the exception of fibrinogen-dependent clot strength (i.e., elasticity in the presence of a platelet inhibitor) after hydroxyethyl starch haemodilution. Factor XIII had an additional effect with fibrinogen on fibrinogen-dependent clot strength in blood diluted with Ringer’s acetate solution. Hypothermia did not influence any of the coagulation factor effects. Conclusions Both haemodilution and mild hypothermia impaired coagulation. Coagulopathy was more pronounced after haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch than with Ringer’s acetate. Addition of fibrinogen with factor XIII was unable to reverse hydroxyethyl starch induced clot instability, but improved coagulation in blood diluted with Ringer’s acetate solution. Fibrinogen improved coagulation irrespective of hypothermia. / <p>Funding Agencies|Region Skane (Sweden)||CSL Beehring||</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

Des résultats d’expériences cliniques de reconstruction de l’os maxillaire faites à partir de la greffe d’une "pâte osseuse" gélifiée par l’ajout de facteur tissulaire ont été le primum movens de ce travail. Cette "pâte osseuse", faite d’os en poudre et de plasma enrichi en plaquette (PRP) à laquelle on ajoute du facteur tissulaire, est un modèle à la fois de la coagulation et de la régénération osseuse.<p>Pour analyser des effets de la coagulation, nous avons utilisé un modèle connu :la culture primaire de cellules endothéliales (HUVEC). Les effets in vitro des facteurs de coagulation, dénommés protéases de la coagulation, pris séparément, ont été bien étudiés dans ces cellules, néanmoins aucune information sur l’effet combiné de ces protéases ou du plasma en coagulation n’était connue. Nous avons mesuré la "signalisation calcium" comme réponse cellulaire aux différents agents et ces mesures de la signalisation calcium ont été complétées par la mesure d’une autre réponse biologique, à savoir la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires (IL-6 et IL-8). Pour l’étude de la régénération osseuse, la signalisation calcium a été mesurée sur une lignée d’ostéosarcomes humains (SaOS-2), stimulée par des protéases de la voie extrinsèque de la coagulation (facteur VIIa, facteur Xa et thrombine). Comme réponse biologique complémentaire, nous avons évalué l’effet des protéases d’intérêt sur l’apoptose induite par l’absence de sérum dans le milieu de culture.<p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Factor VIII is a clotting factor found on the intrinsic side of the coagulation cascade. A mutation in the factor VIII gene causes the disease Hemophilia A, for which there is no cure. The most common treatment is administration of recombinant factor VIII. However, this can cause an immune response that renders the treatment ineffective in certain hemophilia patients. For this reason a new treatment, or cure, needs to be developed. Gene editing is one solution to correcting the factor VIII mutation. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing introduces a double stranded break in the genomic DNA. Where this break occurs repair mechanisms cause insertions and deletions, or if a template oligonucleotide can be provided point mutations could be introduced or corrected. However, to accomplish this goal for editing factor VIII mutations, a way to deliver the components of CRISPR/Cas9 into somatic cells is needed. In this study, I confirmed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was able to create a mutation in the factor VIII gene in zebrafish. I also showed that the components of CRISPR/Cas9 could be piggybacked by vivo morpholino into a variety of blood cells. This study also confirmed that the vivo morpholino did not interfere with the gRNA binding to the DNA, or Cas9 protein inducing the double stranded break.

Linhagens celulares humanas tem despertado interesse como plataformas de produção de proteínas terapêuticas recombinantes por sua capacidade de realizar modificações pós-traducionais complexas e de modo similar à humana, sem gerar epítopos imunogênicos como ocorre com proteínas produzidas em células de mamíferos. Para a produção de uma proteína com correta qualidade terapêutica, as agências regulatórias recomendam processos livres de componentes animais de modo a evitar contaminação com vírus e príons. Deste modo, esse trabalho visa a produção do fator VII da coagulação sanguínea recombinante (FVIIr) utilizada no tratamento de hemofílicos com inibidores em células humanas adaptadas para meios de cultura livres de soro fetal bovino. As linhagens humanas SK-Hep-1, HKB-11 e Huh-7 foram adaptadas para suspensão e meios livres de soro fetal bovino (SFB). Essas células adaptadas foram transfectadas de forma transiente com o vetor lentiviral p1054-GFP e o reagente polietilenimina. No entanto, a baixa eficiência de transfecção nas células SK-Hep-1 e Huh-7 mostraram que essas linhagens são difíceis de transfectar por esse método, e mesmo a transfecção da célula HKB-11 só foi possível após a variação de alguns parâmetros, resultando em uma transfecção de 49,5% de células HKB-11 GFP-positivas. Desta forma, a expressão estável foi avaliada e as células adaptadas foram transduzidas com um ciclo de lentivírus (MOI = 1) contendo o vetor p1054-FVII. Foram observadas porcentagens de células GFP-positivas acima de 35% nas três linhagens celulares humanas modificadas. As células transduzidas foram submetidas a dois processos de sorting por citometria de fluxo, no qual a população obtida apresentava mais de 90% de células GFP-positivas. As três células foram avaliadas com relação à expressão de FVIIr após a adição de vitamina K no cultivo, no entanto, não foi possível detectar níveis de FVIIr no sobrenadante de 48 horas do cultivo dessas células pelo teste ELISA. As células foram transduzidas com um segundo ciclo de lentivírus (MOI = 2). A quantificação por ELISA do sobrenadante de 48 horas de cultivo das três células detectou 240,96 ng/mL, 217,42 ng/mL e 78,46 ng/mL de FVII total, respectivamente, nos cultivos das células HKB-11-F7-2C, SK-Hep-1-F7-2C e Huh-7-F7-2C. A expressão relativa de RNA mensageiro por RT-PCR também foi observada nos três cultivos. Paralelamente, foi analisado o proteoma das três células adaptadas e não-adaptadas em triplicata sendo identificadas de forma abundante proteínas do citoesqueleto, do metabolismo celular, da síntese, enovelamento e degradação de proteínas, relacionadas à apoptose, ao ciclo celular e ao crescimento, proteínas contra estresse oxidativo e osmótico, com ação antioxidante, entre outras. / Human cell lines have attracted great interest as a plarform for recombinant therapeutic proteins production, due their ability to perform complex posttranslational modification in a similar manner to human proteins. These proteins do not carry immunogenic epitopes as occurs with proteins produced in mammalian cells. These therapeutic proteins should be produced in a animal-free process avoiding virus and prion contamination, as recommended by regulatory agencies for quality control. Thus, this work aims the production of recombinant blood coagulation factor VII (rFVII) used in the treatment of hemophiliacs with inhibitors in human cell lines adapted to serum-free suspension cultures. Human cell lines SK-Hep-1, HKB-11 and Huh-7 were adapted to suspension and serum-free media. These adapted cells were transiently transfected with p1054-GFP lentiviral vector and the polyethyleneimine reagent. However, low transfection efficiency in SK-Hep-1 and Huh-7 cells showed that these cells are difficult to transfect by this method, and even transfection of HKB-11 cell was only possible after varying some parameters, resulting in a 49,5% HKB-11 GFP-positive cells. Stable transfection was assessed and adapted cells were transduced with lentivirus particles containing p1054-FVII vector in one cycle (MOI=1). Percentages of GFP-positive cells above 35% were observed in three modified human cell lines. Transduced cells were sorted by FACS and more than 90% of GFP-positive cells were obtained. The expression of rFVII were evaluated by ELISA test after vitamin K supplementation, however, it was not possible to detect FVII levels in the 48 hour culture supernatant. Cells were transduced again with a second lentivirus cycle (MOI = 2). ELISA quantification of the 48 hour culture supernatant detected 240,96 ng/mL, 217,42 ng/mL and 78,46 ng/mL total FVII, respectively, in the cultures of HKB-11-F7-2C, SK-Hep-1-F7-2C and Huh-7-F7-2C cells. Relative expression of mRNA by RT-PCR was also observed in the three cultures assessed. In parallel, a proteomic analysis of adapted and non-adapted cells was performed in triplicate. Proteins related to cellular metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, apoptosis, cell cycle and cell growth, against oxidative and osmotic stress, antioxidant action were found.

Distúrbios de hemostasia são uma das principais manifestações clínicas observadas nos acidentes por serpentes do gênero Bothrops. Tendo em vista a importância da ativação de fatores da cascata de coagulação no desenvolvimento da patologia no envenenamento, o presente trabalho descreve o isolamento e a caracterização bioquímica e funcional de uma metaloprotease capaz de induzir a ativação de fatores de coagulação, a partir da peçonha de Bothrops moojeni. A metaloprotease foi isolada por três etapas cromatográficas utilizando colunas de exclusão molecular (Sephacryl S-200), interação hidrofóbica (Phenyl Sepharose) e troca aniônica (ES 502N). A protease isolada, denominada moojenactivase, é uma glicoproteína com massa molecular de aproximadamente 89 kDa e ponto isoelétrico de 4,92, sendo composta por três cadeias com massas de 66; 17 e 14 kDa, ligadas por pontes dissulfeto. A determinação da sequência de aminoácidos por espectrometria de massas evidenciou grande identidade sequencial com outras metaloproteases, indicando a presença dos domínios metaloprotease, desintegrina-like e lectinas-like e classificando-a como uma protease da classe PIIId. Funcionalmente, a moojenactivase foi capaz de induzir a cogulação de plasma humano pela ativação dos fatores II (protrombina) e X da cascata de coagulação, gerando -trombina e fator X ativado, respectivamente. A protease apresentou atividade fibrinogenolítica, especialmente sobre a cadeia da molécula de fibrinogênio, porém não foi capaz de induzir a formação do coágulo de fibrina pela ativação deste. A moojenactivase foi parcialmente inibida quando incubada em condições de pH entre 3,5 e 5,0 e em pH 9,0, além de temperaturas acima de 60ºC, bem como na presença de ions Cu2+, além dos inibidores EDTA, SDS, DTT e soro anti-ofídico crotalico/botrópico. A protease induziu agregação plaquetária e não apresentou atividades fibrinolítica e hemorrágica. Células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) tratadas com a protease foram capazes de produzir TNF- assim como expressar fator tecidual (Fator III da coagulação) na forma ativa, fazendo com que essas células apresentassem caráter procoagulante. Com o objetivo avaliar os efeitos nos parâmetros hematológicos in vivo, a moojenactivase foi administrada em ratos (3g/Kg) onde foi observado que a protease foi capaz de prolongar o tempo de sangramento dos animais e induzir a diminuição do número de plaquetas sanguíneas, caracterizando um quadro de trombocitopenia. Ainda, o plasma dos animais administrados com a moojenactivase apresentaram valores elevados do tempo de protrombina e tempo de tromboplastina parcialmente ativada, assim como redução na concentração de fibrinogênio. Na análise dos parâmetros da série branca, foi observado aumento leucocitário na circulação, com predominância de neutrófilos até 3h após a administração, indicando a instalação de um quadro inflamatório. Com relação à análise da série vermelha, a moojenactivase não foi capaz de alterar nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho mostram, pela primeira vez, o isolamento de uma metaloprotease da classe P-IIId da peçonha de Bothrops moojeni capaz de atuar sobre diferentes ii eventos do processo hemostático, sendo essa ação prócoagulante responsável pelo quadro de incoagulabilidade sanguínea em animais. Os dados gerados podem auxiliar no entendimento dos distúrbios de coagulação em pacientes envolvidos em acidentes por serpentes da espécie Bothrops moojeni, levando ao melhor direcionamento na terapia anti-ofídica. Ainda, a função da moojenactivase sobre componentes biológicos credencia a molécula para uma possível aplicação biotecnológica em processos que envolvem o sistema hemostático. / Haemostasis disorders are a major clinical manifestation induced by Bothrops snake envenomations. Considering the relevance of the activation of coagulation factors during the envenomation pathophysiology, the present work describes, for the first time, the isolation and functional and biochemical characterization of a coagulation factor activator metalloprotease from Bothrops moojeni snake venom. The protease was purified by three chromatographic procedures using size exclusion (Sephacryl S-200), hydrophobic interaction (Phenyl Sepharose) and anion exchange (ES 502N) chromatographies. The isolated protease, named moojenactivase, is a glycoprotein with molecular mass of approximately 89 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and composed of 66 kDa, 17 kDa and 14 kDa disulfide linked chains, with pI of 4,92. The amino acid sequence determination of tryptic peptides from moojenactivase by mass spectrometry presented fragments with high identity to snake venom metalloproteases, confirming the presence of the metalloprotease, disintegrin-like and lectin-like domains, which allowed its classification as a PIIId class snake venom metalloprotease. Regarding its functional properties, the protease was capable to induce human plasma coagulation by inducing activation of coagulation factors II and X, forming-thrombin and factor X activated, respectively. Also, moojenactivase presented fibrinogenolitic activity, by cleaving preferentially -chain of fibrinogen, however was not capable to induce the formation of fibrin clot from fibrinogen. The enzyme stability was assessed and showed that moojenactivase presented a reduced functional activity when preincubated in pH values ranging from 3,5 to 5,0 and at pH 9,0, and in temperature conditions over 60ºC. Cu2+ ions and inhibitors such as EDTA, SDS, DTT and crotalic/bothropic antiophidian serum reduced the protease activity. Moojenactivase induced platelet aggregation, but no fibrinolytic and haemorrhage activities. In order to evaluate the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cells were treated with the protease and we observed the release of proinflammatory cytokine TNF- and expression of active Tissue Factor (coagulant factor III), inducing a procoagulant state on PBMC. In order to evaluate in vivo haematological effects, the protease (3 g/Kg) was administered in rat (i.v.) and was observed that moojenactivase induced a prolonged bleeding time and reduced platelet counting (indicating a thrombocytopenia state). Moreover, the evaluation of the hemostasis parameters was assessed by the the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays and showed a prolonged clot time on both tests, and also a decrease in fibrinogen plasma levels. The leukogram analysis showed an increase in the circulating leukocyte number up to 3 hours after moojenactivase administration, composed predominantly of neutrophils. However, parameters envolving red cells shows that the protease do not affect. The results obtained in the present work show, for the first time, the isolation of a PIIId class metalloprotease from Bothrops moojeni snake venom involved on the activation of several hemostatic events, inducing a pro coagulant activity and leading to blood unclottable state in experimental animals. These data can assit in understanding coagulation disturbs in iv patients involved in Bothrops moojeni envenomation and leading to a better anti ophidic therapy guidance. Moreover, moojenactivase functional activities accredits this protease as a possible molecular instrument applied on biotechnological prospect related to the hemostasis.