Thesis deals with consumer protection in financial sector. The main objective is to analyze the tools which are used in the field of consumer protection. The thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical part focuses on the legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union. Furthermore, the legislative framework, which leading to full harmonization of European law on the territory European financial market. The practical part is focused on survey of the Czech financial market, the main objective is analyze information for consumers in the Czech financial sector. Furthermore, an analysis financial codes and their implementation. The last chapter provided a comparison information from the websites of commercial and non-commercial resources.

Prepared by: Hana Kuchaříková Title of thesis: Business Ethics The subtitle of the thesis: Corporate ethics of GE Money, Inc. Objective: To characterize GE Money Bank, as to become familiar with its code of ethics. Then describe the behavior of employees of this company and find out how to comply with the rules of ethical behavior in practice. And compared with the ethical behavior of employees outside the banking sector. For comparison, IBM has been selected. Results: In this thesis it was found that neither company has a well developed code of ethics is unable to fulfill its essence in practice. Although employees are thoroughly trained, many do not comply with rules established by this Code. It was found many cases where there are violations and then suggested measures that could lead to at least partial removal. In comparison with IBM, it was found that the state of corporate ethics at both companies is very similar

Essay I analyses a sample of corporate codes in the Swedish banking sector. The purpose is to investigate the codes’ ethical status. Are they consistent with the values of fairness or are they instead at a risk of harming the employees? With regard to employees, eight of the nine codes in the material were found to (a) focus one-sidedly on their duties and responsibilities, (b) lack statements regarding their value to the firm, while carefully stating the importance of several other stakeholders, (c) have an anonymous or authoritarian tone, (d) say little regarding the substantial reasons why certain behaviour is forbidden or expected; some of the codes also (e) contained problematic freedom restrictions. The empirical investigation of code content and design leads us to the normative issue of whether such a design can be unfair and risks harming the employees. Departing from the values of equality, reciprocity, care and respect, eight of the nine codes are found to be at risk of being in conflict with these values. The socially responsible firm, which avoids risking employees’ welfare and self-respect, must consider rewriting such corporate codes. Essay II seeks to provide a richer moral assessment of the transactions, offers and working conditions in the labour market. Some of the most influential accounts have focused on either the act of consent (Nozick), the background conditions (Peter) or the quality of the offers (Olsaretti). I argue that all these aspects are ethically relevant and necessary to make agreements morally justified. This leads me to the conclusion that (a) unreasonable offers remain ethically flawed regardless of employees’ consent and adequate background conditions; (b) the mere act of consent is, nonetheless, ethically valuable; (c) there exist different kinds of demands, affected differently by whether they are properly consented to. Then, in a well-ordered liberal democracy (which constitute the necessary background conditions), to ascertain whether a firm’s offers and working conditions are morally sound, we need to know both their quality (how reasonable they are) and whether they have been properly consented to. A firm ends up with three moral responsibilities: (i) not to exploit the workers’ disadvantaged position in the labour market, which requires that they are offered only reasonable proposals, (ii) to inform employees in the contract situation of all the relevant aspects and working conditions associated with the job, thereby enabling proper consent, and (iii) once the worker is employed, to only implement working conditions of the kind that are possible to justify and consistent with treating the employees as persons. / <p>QC 20131010</p>

The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice encourages software engineers to undertake positive actions and to resist pressures to act unethically.

This case study investigated the ethic of the profession, one of the four ethical frameworks used for ethical decision-making in education. Typically, this line of research is applied to school administrators; however, this investigation extended this research to teacher leaders by examining their daily practice. Out of a pool of thirty-six respondents, nine teachers were chosen to participate in the study. These teacher leaders were employed in urban, exurban, and suburban school districts, with experience levels varying from three to thirty-three years. Participants were required to complete the following: the Self-Assessment to Assess Readiness for Leadership, creation of personal code of ethics, and the creation of professional code of ethics. An in-depth interview to discuss the codes, and clashes between codes was conducted, as well as a second interview to address an ethical dilemma identified by the participants. Categorical analysis was used to recognize recurring themes. A conceptual model of the decision-making process was developed to explain the phenomena observed in these data. In addition, recurring themes were identified through analysis of the interview data. Themes included a prevailing concern for fairness, student welfare, educational equality, safety, and student discipline. When responding to critical events that triggered ethical dilemmas, these participants habitually used their personal and professional codes of ethics to determine a course of action. Participants exhibited a sophisticated decision-making approach which moved participants past the reliance on one ethical frame of justice, critique, or care, into the use of multiple paradigms to solve ethical dilemmas. In the final analyses, the ethic of the profession was demonstrated by these nine teacher leaders through reflection and reliance on personal and professional codes of ethics, and by placing students at the center of the ethical decision-making process. / Educational Administration

Introdução: Os Processos ético-disciplinares (PEDs) em enfermagem são procedimentos desenvolvidos pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo (Coren-SP), com o intuito de elucidar fatos ou denúncias contra profissionais de enfermagem. Observa-se uma escassez de estudos relacionados às características dos PEDs e dos profissionais envolvidos nesse procedimento, o que suscita a necessidade da realização da presente investigação. Objetivos: Identificar, descrever e analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nesse procedimento, junto ao Coren-SP, no período de 2012 a 2013. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos a partir da análise dos PEDs julgados pelo Coren-SP, de 01 de janeiro de 2012 a 31 de dezembro de 2013, envolvendo a população de 399 profissionais. Após os trâmites éticos e legais, obteve-se a autorização do Coren-SP para a realização da coleta dos dados, utilizando-se instrumento previamente elaborado pelo pesquisador. Resultados e Discussão: A categoria dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem foi a mais envolvida nos PEDs (46,1%), seguida de Enfermeiros (35,59%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (18,3%), prevalecendo entre os inscritos no Coren-SP o profissional Enfermeiro (0,14%), seguido dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (0,09%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (0,05%). Detectou-se maior prevalência de profissionais do sexo feminino (77,9%) dentre os julgados, sendo que entre os inscritos houve maior prevalência no sexo masculino (0,14%), bem como iniciantes no exercício profissional formados no máximo há 5 anos (42,6%), na faixa etaria de 31 a 40 anos (35,3%). As ocorrências mais evidenciadas nos PEDs foram: Iatrogenias por omissão (22,6 %), Iatrogenias por erro na administração de medicamentos (22,1%) e crimes ou contravenções penais (18,0 %). Dos julgamentos dos PEDs, 53,1% dos profissionais envolvidos foram considerados culpados, ocorrendo maior percentual em Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI), (87,1%). Ao analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais neles envolvidos,observa-se que esse procedimento transcende o aspecto meramente punitivo, assegurando-se aos profissionais a ampla defesa, desde o momento da abertura do PED até o julgamento do profissional pelo Coren-SP. Das denúncias com existência de danos ou prejuízos ao usuário, 59,9% dos profissionais foram inocentados ao final do processo, considerando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada entre os profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nos PEDs e as instituições onde os fatos ocorreram. Os PEDs com incidência de crimes ou contravenções penais carecem de estudo mais aprofundado, sendo que a maior incidência ocorreu com Auxiliares de Enfermagem (22,3%). A análise dos dados possibilita, ainda, perceber a necessidade de investimento na formação profissional e no investimento de educação em serviço, tanto para a realização de procedimentos como, também, no tocante ao comportamento ou a atitude ética por parte do profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram não só identificar e descrever os tipos de PEDs, como também as características dos profissionais envolvidos nessas ocorrências. Além disso, os dados apontaram para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento das questões éticas e legais relacionadas às práticas cotidianas do trabalho em enfermagem e a responsabilização envolvendo os profissionais dessa área no que tange aos processos ético-disciplinares / Introduction: The ethical and disciplinary processes (EDPs) in nursing procedures are developed by the Regional Council of São Paulo Nursing (Coren-SP), in order to clarify facts or complaints against nursing professionals. There has been a lack of studies related to the characteristics of EDPs and to the professionals involved in this procedure, which raises the need to conduct this research. Objectives: Identify, describe and analyze the characteristics of developing countries and of nursing professionals involved in this procedure, with the Coren-SP in the 2012-2013 period. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data obtained from the analysis of developing countries judged by Coren-SP, from 01 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, involving the population of 399 professionals. After the ethical and legal procedures, a permission from Coren-SP was obtained to perform the data collection, using an instrument previously developed by the researcher. Results and Discussion: The category of nursing auxiliaries was the most involved in the developing countries (46.1%), followed by nurses (35.59%) and nursing technicians (18.3%). prevailing among those registered in Coren-SP the professional nurse (0.14%), followed by Nursing Assistants (0.09%) and Nursing Technicians (0.05%). A higher prevalence of female sex workers (77.9%) has been detected, from the trial, and among those registered there was a higher prevalence in males (0.14%) as well as beginners in the practice, already graduated in no more than five years (42.6%), in the age range of 31-40 years old (35.3%). The most prevalent occurrence in developing countries were: Iatrogenic by omission (22.6%), Iatrogenic for error in medication administration (22.1%) and crimes or misdemeanors (18.0%). From the EDPs judgments, 53.1% of the professionals involved were found guilty, with the highest percentage occurring in Long Term Elderly Institution (LTEI) (87.1%). By analyzing the EDPs and the characteristics of the professionals involved, it has been observed that this procedure transcends the merely punitive aspect, ensuring professionals to present their defense, from the startint point of the EDP until the judgment of the professional by Coren-SP. Referring to the complaints for damage or injury to the user, 59.9% of the professionals were cleared at the end of the process, considering the shared responsibility of nursing professionals involved in the EDPs and the institutions where the events actually occurred. The EDPs with an incidence of crimes or misdemeanors require further study, with the highest incidence occurring with Auxiliary Nursing (22.3%). Data analysis allows, also, to realize the need for the investment in professional training and the education investment, both for carrying out procedures as, also, regarding the behavior or the professional ethical attitude. Conclusion: The results made it possible not only to identify and describe the types of EDPs, but also the characteristics of the professionals involved in these occurrences. In addition, the data pointed to the need for further deepening of the ethical and legal issues related to the daily work and responsability of nursing practices involving professionals in this area with respect to ethical and disciplinary procedures

Introdução: Os Processos ético-disciplinares (PEDs) em enfermagem são procedimentos desenvolvidos pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo (Coren-SP), com o intuito de elucidar fatos ou denúncias contra profissionais de enfermagem. Observa-se uma escassez de estudos relacionados às características dos PEDs e dos profissionais envolvidos nesse procedimento, o que suscita a necessidade da realização da presente investigação. Objetivos: Identificar, descrever e analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nesse procedimento, junto ao Coren-SP, no período de 2012 a 2013. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos a partir da análise dos PEDs julgados pelo Coren-SP, de 01 de janeiro de 2012 a 31 de dezembro de 2013, envolvendo a população de 399 profissionais. Após os trâmites éticos e legais, obteve-se a autorização do Coren-SP para a realização da coleta dos dados, utilizando-se instrumento previamente elaborado pelo pesquisador. Resultados e Discussão: A categoria dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem foi a mais envolvida nos PEDs (46,1%), seguida de Enfermeiros (35,59%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (18,3%), prevalecendo entre os inscritos no Coren-SP o profissional Enfermeiro (0,14%), seguido dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (0,09%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (0,05%). Detectou-se maior prevalência de profissionais do sexo feminino (77,9%) dentre os julgados, sendo que entre os inscritos houve maior prevalência no sexo masculino (0,14%), bem como iniciantes no exercício profissional formados no máximo há 5 anos (42,6%), na faixa etaria de 31 a 40 anos (35,3%). As ocorrências mais evidenciadas nos PEDs foram: Iatrogenias por omissão (22,6 %), Iatrogenias por erro na administração de medicamentos (22,1%) e crimes ou contravenções penais (18,0 %). Dos julgamentos dos PEDs, 53,1% dos profissionais envolvidos foram considerados culpados, ocorrendo maior percentual em Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI), (87,1%). Ao analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais neles envolvidos,observa-se que esse procedimento transcende o aspecto meramente punitivo, assegurando-se aos profissionais a ampla defesa, desde o momento da abertura do PED até o julgamento do profissional pelo Coren-SP. Das denúncias com existência de danos ou prejuízos ao usuário, 59,9% dos profissionais foram inocentados ao final do processo, considerando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada entre os profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nos PEDs e as instituições onde os fatos ocorreram. Os PEDs com incidência de crimes ou contravenções penais carecem de estudo mais aprofundado, sendo que a maior incidência ocorreu com Auxiliares de Enfermagem (22,3%). A análise dos dados possibilita, ainda, perceber a necessidade de investimento na formação profissional e no investimento de educação em serviço, tanto para a realização de procedimentos como, também, no tocante ao comportamento ou a atitude ética por parte do profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram não só identificar e descrever os tipos de PEDs, como também as características dos profissionais envolvidos nessas ocorrências. Além disso, os dados apontaram para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento das questões éticas e legais relacionadas às práticas cotidianas do trabalho em enfermagem e a responsabilização envolvendo os profissionais dessa área no que tange aos processos ético-disciplinares / Introduction: The ethical and disciplinary processes (EDPs) in nursing procedures are developed by the Regional Council of São Paulo Nursing (Coren-SP), in order to clarify facts or complaints against nursing professionals. There has been a lack of studies related to the characteristics of EDPs and to the professionals involved in this procedure, which raises the need to conduct this research. Objectives: Identify, describe and analyze the characteristics of developing countries and of nursing professionals involved in this procedure, with the Coren-SP in the 2012-2013 period. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data obtained from the analysis of developing countries judged by Coren-SP, from 01 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, involving the population of 399 professionals. After the ethical and legal procedures, a permission from Coren-SP was obtained to perform the data collection, using an instrument previously developed by the researcher. Results and Discussion: The category of nursing auxiliaries was the most involved in the developing countries (46.1%), followed by nurses (35.59%) and nursing technicians (18.3%). prevailing among those registered in Coren-SP the professional nurse (0.14%), followed by Nursing Assistants (0.09%) and Nursing Technicians (0.05%). A higher prevalence of female sex workers (77.9%) has been detected, from the trial, and among those registered there was a higher prevalence in males (0.14%) as well as beginners in the practice, already graduated in no more than five years (42.6%), in the age range of 31-40 years old (35.3%). The most prevalent occurrence in developing countries were: Iatrogenic by omission (22.6%), Iatrogenic for error in medication administration (22.1%) and crimes or misdemeanors (18.0%). From the EDPs judgments, 53.1% of the professionals involved were found guilty, with the highest percentage occurring in Long Term Elderly Institution (LTEI) (87.1%). By analyzing the EDPs and the characteristics of the professionals involved, it has been observed that this procedure transcends the merely punitive aspect, ensuring professionals to present their defense, from the startint point of the EDP until the judgment of the professional by Coren-SP. Referring to the complaints for damage or injury to the user, 59.9% of the professionals were cleared at the end of the process, considering the shared responsibility of nursing professionals involved in the EDPs and the institutions where the events actually occurred. The EDPs with an incidence of crimes or misdemeanors require further study, with the highest incidence occurring with Auxiliary Nursing (22.3%). Data analysis allows, also, to realize the need for the investment in professional training and the education investment, both for carrying out procedures as, also, regarding the behavior or the professional ethical attitude. Conclusion: The results made it possible not only to identify and describe the types of EDPs, but also the characteristics of the professionals involved in these occurrences. In addition, the data pointed to the need for further deepening of the ethical and legal issues related to the daily work and responsability of nursing practices involving professionals in this area with respect to ethical and disciplinary procedures

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of media oligarchization and its influence on the ethics of journalism. Based on the synthesis of existing theoretical concepts, a narrower definition of the terms oligarch and media oligarch is presented in the text. On this theoretical basis, the situation in 31 selected European countries from the point of view of media oligarchization is evaluated by comparing the methodologies of three media indicators - Freedom House's Freedom and the Media, Reporters Without Borders's Press Freedom Index and Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom's Media Pluralism Monitor. This is considered primarily a problem of post-communist and post-colonial countries, and the diploma thesis tests this assumption. The problem of ethics of journalistic work within the scope of media oligarchization is presented on a theoretical as well as practical level, based on a chronological comparison of ethical codes of three selected media groups - MAFRA, Vltava Labe Media and Czech News Center, which changed ownership from a multinational group to an oligarch or an oligarchic group.

Helping professionals help people to achieve optimal functionality and fulfillment in the physical, psychological, emotional and intellectual domains. Well-defined ethical standards for practitioners are crucial to such a vital endeavor. This study analyzes the official codes of ethics produced by the professional organizations of five of the helping professions: librarianship, psychology, social work, nursing, and education. In the ethics codes is sought interpretation of four moral principles—respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence—and four professional responsibilities—fidelity, veracity, privacy, and confidentiality. These are grounded, respectively, in the “common morality” or the core norms exercised by all morally serious people, and the “professional morality,” or the core norms exercised by all moral professionals. How do the professions define, interpret, and express the principles and responsibilities? This interdisciplinary study clarifies and allows comparison of the expressed values of each profession. It is a critical examination of professional codes of ethics, and an argument for their explicit grounding in a larger morality. / text

本研究的主要目的，是調查台灣報業新聞人員對於各項爭議性新聞編採手法的認知與態度，並探究哪些因素會影響新聞人員對於爭議性新聞編採手法的態度。研究以問卷調查法進行資料蒐集與分析，總計訪問了646位台灣報業新聞從業人員。 研究發現在包括「秘密採訪」、「花錢買消息」、「未經同意使用機密文件」、「為完成採訪而打擾消息來源」以及「秘密錄音」等五個範疇的「爭議性新聞編採手法」中，新聞人員同意度最高的作法是「記者可以不表明身份進行採訪」，而同意度最低的作法則是「未經同意在新聞中使用私人文件」，而人口變項也會影響新聞人員對各項爭議性新聞編採手法的接受度。 此外，本研究也發現台灣報業新聞人員在各項「爭議性新聞編採手法」上，出現了個人態度與他所認知到的業界採用現況有明顯不一致的情形！這種態度與認知產生明顯不同的情形，或許也反映了許多新聞工作者在現實壓力下「不得不然」的處境。