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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Legal consequences of peremptory norms in international law

Costelloe, Daniel Grogan January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
2

Peremptory norms of general international law (Jus Cogens) : international law and social contract

Weatherall, Thomas Christopher January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
3

The legal relevance of the doctrine of non-recognition: The preservation of the international legal order and the settlement of intractable conflicts

Moinet, Jean Paul 12 November 2021 (has links)
Non-recognition as lawful of a situation created by a serious breach of a peremptory norm is regarded as a well-established customary duty. Since such a duty fulfils an important function in the preservation of the international legal order, scholars have generally considered its emergence as a welcome development. However, while State practice confirms that there is an established trend towards non-recognition of unlawful situations, it also illustrates that its content is controversial. More specifically, there is a gap between State practice and the prevailing scholarly understanding of this duty, which roughly corresponds to that of the ILC enshrined in Article 41(2) ARSIWA. The cases in which non-recognition has been invoked as a response to certain violations of international law are more complex than is generally assumed and each of them is rather specific. It seems that this norm was consolidated mostly thanks to a political consensus on the underlying primary norms that characterize the contemporary international legal order—ie, the right to self-determination and the prohibition of conquest. In addition, there is one question that has been mostly glossed over by the scholarship, that is whether the international community can subsequently validate by means of recognition such a breach. The problem is that when States face intractable conflicts, the consensus in favor of the norms that should be protected by non-recognition is weakened by the competing consensus that peace processes aimed at settling long-standing conflicts should not be jeopardized. In these cases, there is an erosion of non-recognition in the sense that while States support in principle this duty, their behavior leads to the gradual validation of the unlawful situation.
4

Jus cogens normų ir įsipareigojimų erga omnes koncepcijos šiuolaikinėje tarptautinėje teisėje / The concepts of obligations erga omnes and jus cogens in the contemporary international law

Švedaitė, Ramunė 24 November 2010 (has links)
Ius cogens normos – tai bendrosios tarptautinės teisės imperatyvinės normos, išreiškiančios svarbiausius tarptautinės teisės principus, tokius kaip: esminės žmogaus teisės, visuotinai pripažinti tarptautinės humanitarinės teisės principai, kurių valstybės negali nesilaikyti. Bendrosios tarptautinės teisės imperatyvinės normų egzistavimo būtinosios sąlygos yra valstybių bendrijos pripažinimas normomis. Nuo tokio pobūdžio normų nėra leidžiami absoliučiai jokie nukrypimai, tokio pobūdžio norma gali būti pakeista tik vėlesne tokio paties pobūdžio bendrosios tarptautinės teisės norma. Tuo tarpu, erga omnes įsipareigojimai – tai tokie valstybių veikimo bei rezultato įsipareigojimai prieš visą tarptautinę bendriją, kurie yra susiję su apsauga teisių, dėl kurių pobūdžio visos valstybės gali būti laikomos teisiškai suinteresuotomis jų užtikrinimu ir kurių pažeidimas suteikia teisę kitoms valstybėms kreiptis į Tarptautinį Teisingumo Teismą, reikalaujant atsakomybės. Šių dviejų koncepcijų sąveikos ryšys slypi visuotiniame pripažinime tarptautinės teisės sistemoje, jog visos ius cogens normos nustato įsipareigojimus erga omnes, tačiau ne visi įsipareigojimai erga omnes yra kilę iš ius cogens normų. Šių koncepcijų egzistavimo pripažinimas darė teigiamą įtaką tarptautinės teisės subjektų teisinio statuso vystymesi (ypač asmenų tarptautinio teisinio subjektiškumo pripažinimui), teigiamą įtaką nacionalinei teisei (universalios nacionalinių teismų jurisdikcijos vystymuisi, nacionalinių teisės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Les normes ius cogens sont les normes impératives du droit international général, énonçant les principes fondamentaux du droit international, comme par exemple, les droits fondamentaux, les principes généraux du droit humanitare, dont les Etats ne peuvent pas déroger. Les conditions principales à l`existence des normes impératives du droit international général sont, la reconnaissance venant de toute la communauté des Etats dans son ensemble , en tant que norme à laquelle aucune dérogation n`est permise et qui ne peut être modifiée que par une nouvelle norme du droit international général ayant le même caractère. Alors que les obligations erga omnes sont des obligations des Etats, du moyen ou du résultat, vis à vis de toute la communauté internationale, qui sont liées à la protection des droits, et vu l`importance des droits en cause, tous les Etats peuvent être considérés comme ayant un intérêt juridique à ce que ces droits soient protégés et la violation de ces obligations autorise tous les Etats à agir devant la Cour Internacionale de Justice. Le lien réciproque de ces deux conceptions réside dans le fait que toutes les normes ius cogens donnent naissance aux obligations erga omnes, pourtant pas toutes les obligations erga omnes résultent des normes ius cogens. La reconnaissance de l`existence de ces conceptions particulières constitue une bonne influence au developpement de statuts des sujets du droit... [to full text]
5

Diplomatiska försäkringar : Ett hot mot non-refoulement?

Lindström, Johanna, Hedström, Kristin January 2006 (has links)
<p>Diplomatiska försäkringars legalitet behandlas utifrån gällande internationell och nationell rätt.</p>
6

Diplomatiska försäkringar : Ett hot mot non-refoulement?

Lindström, Johanna, Hedström, Kristin January 2006 (has links)
Diplomatiska försäkringars legalitet behandlas utifrån gällande internationell och nationell rätt.
7

El convenio de Aarhus y la posibilidad de aplicación del principio de participación ciudadana en decisiones medio ambientales en Brasil en virtud del Ius Cogens

Barbosa, Jonismar Alves 20 November 2017 (has links)
El presente trabajo analiza el Convenio de Aarhus y la posibilidad de su aplicación en Brasil. Estudia los tres pilares del Convenio, es decir, el derecho de acceso a la información, la participación ciudadana y el acceso a la justicia en asuntos relacionados con al medio ambiente. Describe la actuación de la Comisión Europea y sus Directivas que tratan de la materia, estudia la aplicación del Convenio en España no solo a partir de la normativa de la Comisión, sino también a partir de su ordenamiento jurídico interno, más específicamente la Ley 27/2006. Se adentra en el estudio de cómo está hecha la participación ciudadana en España y en Brasil a partir del análisis de su experiencia y legislación nacional sobre el tema. Informa de que la participación ciudadana es el elemento clave para la democracia deliberativa, para un buen gobierno y defensa de derechos fundamentales, necesarios para el bienestar y calidad de vida, así como para la protección de los derechos relacionados con el medio ambiente de estas y de las futuras generaciones. Describe como siendo posible la aplicación de los pilares del Convenio de Aarhus en Brasil, principalmente la participación ciudadana en decisiones medio ambientales, por ser esta considerada por la comunidad internacional norma imperativa categorizada como ius cogens.
8

As normas referentes às crianças-soldado no Direito Internacional / The rules regarding child soldiers under international law

Vanessa Oliveira de Queiroz 20 May 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho trata da normatização internacional relativa às crianças-soldado e aborda, sobretudo, a utilização de defesas baseadas em alegações de violação aos princípios da legalidade e em ocorrência de erro de proibição por réus de processos penais do Tribunal Especial para Serra Leoa e do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Diante disso, investiga se a proibição geral ao envolvimento infantil em conflitos armados e as infrações a essa vedação particularmente as condutas de recrutar, alistar e utilizar crianças como soldados integram o Direito Internacional Costumeiro e, em caso positivo, em que momento teria ocorrido a inserção nesse campo. Analisa, igualmente, se o argumento da boa-fé pode ser um elemento de defesa válido naqueles processos, com fundamento no relativismo cultural. Pretende, com isso, esclarecer o processo de criminalização daquelas condutas, além de identificar a posição hierárquica ocupada pelas normas em questão. Para tanto, recorre à verificação da prática estatal e da opinio juris relativas ao tema. Com isso, conclui que o regramento possui natureza costumeira e pertence ao domínio do jus cogens. / This work deals with the international rules concerning child soldiers, and addresses, in particular, the use of defenses based on allegations of violation of the principles of legality and mistake of law by defendants in criminal proceedings of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and of the International Criminal Court. Moreover, it investigates if the general prohibition to child involvement in armed conflicts and the infractions to this seal particularly the ducts of recruit, enlist and using children as soldiers are part of the customary international law and, if so, since when they have been integrated to this field. It also analyzes if the argument of good faith can be a valid element of defense in those processes, on the basis of cultural relativism. The main purpose its to clarify the process of criminalization of those acts, and identify the hierarchical position occupied by the rules in question. In this regard, the state practice and the opinio juris concerning the theme are investigated. In result, it is concluded that those norms have a customary nature and they already belong to the domain of jus cogens.
9

As normas referentes às crianças-soldado no Direito Internacional / The rules regarding child soldiers under international law

Vanessa Oliveira de Queiroz 20 May 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho trata da normatização internacional relativa às crianças-soldado e aborda, sobretudo, a utilização de defesas baseadas em alegações de violação aos princípios da legalidade e em ocorrência de erro de proibição por réus de processos penais do Tribunal Especial para Serra Leoa e do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Diante disso, investiga se a proibição geral ao envolvimento infantil em conflitos armados e as infrações a essa vedação particularmente as condutas de recrutar, alistar e utilizar crianças como soldados integram o Direito Internacional Costumeiro e, em caso positivo, em que momento teria ocorrido a inserção nesse campo. Analisa, igualmente, se o argumento da boa-fé pode ser um elemento de defesa válido naqueles processos, com fundamento no relativismo cultural. Pretende, com isso, esclarecer o processo de criminalização daquelas condutas, além de identificar a posição hierárquica ocupada pelas normas em questão. Para tanto, recorre à verificação da prática estatal e da opinio juris relativas ao tema. Com isso, conclui que o regramento possui natureza costumeira e pertence ao domínio do jus cogens. / This work deals with the international rules concerning child soldiers, and addresses, in particular, the use of defenses based on allegations of violation of the principles of legality and mistake of law by defendants in criminal proceedings of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and of the International Criminal Court. Moreover, it investigates if the general prohibition to child involvement in armed conflicts and the infractions to this seal particularly the ducts of recruit, enlist and using children as soldiers are part of the customary international law and, if so, since when they have been integrated to this field. It also analyzes if the argument of good faith can be a valid element of defense in those processes, on the basis of cultural relativism. The main purpose its to clarify the process of criminalization of those acts, and identify the hierarchical position occupied by the rules in question. In this regard, the state practice and the opinio juris concerning the theme are investigated. In result, it is concluded that those norms have a customary nature and they already belong to the domain of jus cogens.
10

Droit humanitaire et droits de l'homme aujourd'hui / Humanitarian law and human rights today

Yassine Oueini, Farah 30 October 2013 (has links)
Inspirés par des objectifs d'humanité, le droit humanitaire et les droits de l'homme tissent des liens très étroits. Ils convergent à plusieurs égards, et se complètent pour protéger la personne humaine. Une analyse comparative des deux systèmes révèle de nombreuses similarités. Toutefois certaines divergences persistent: il s'agit toujours de deux droits distincts mais très proches. Plusieurs critères sont employés pour les mettre en parallèle. La comparaison entre le droit humanitaire et le droit des droits de l'homme débouche sur l'étude de leurs rapports mutuels. Celle-Ci montre le mouvement actuel existant. C'est qu'ils se rapprochent toujours plus et passent d'une simple complémentarité vers une étape beaucoup plus avancée. S'agit-Il d'une réelle intégration entre les deux systèmes? / The objectives of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law are inspired by principles of humanity. They are tightly linked and share many common elements. The two bodies of laws complement each other to protect further human beings. A comparative analysis in this regard shows many similarities. However there are still some differences between them: they are two separate laws despite being too close. Many criteria are used to study them in parallel. This study reveals their mutual relations, and the existing legal movement. They are getting closer and shifting from a mere complementarity to a more advanced stage. Are they moving towards a real integration between their norms?

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