Several researchers (e.g., Allen & Paesani, 2010; Maxim, 2009; MLA Report, 2007) argue that the language-literature divide limits language development in many foreign language departments and that the speaking skill is the most affected by this common two-tiered curriculum (Swender, 2003). This study investigates the implementation of the concept of collaborative dialogues in an upper-division Francophone literature and culture course to support the oral proficiency skills of the participants. It addresses research questions pertaining to (1) how they constructed their group conversations in terms of language and content, (2) the connections between their dialogues and whole-class discussions, and (3) their perspectives about their group conversations. Both whole-class discussions and weekly group dialogues, which took place outside of class, were video-recorded. The participants took an oral proficiency test at the beginning and at the end of the study and shared their opinions about the dialogues in two questionnaires and in stimulated recalls. The analysis of the data sources shows that the majority of participants focused heavily on content during their conversations. This finding differs from previous research on collaborative dialogues, which hosted many interactions about language and supported language learning. Based on their analytical abilities and proficiency levels, the participants of this study either reviewed previous class discussions or extended them by exploring additional material and adding prior knowledge to their arguments. Extending class discussions during outside-of-class dialogues was a scaffolding activity which better prepared the participants to contribute to subsequent class discussions. Questionnaires and stimulated recalls suggest that the participants enjoyed participating in weekly group conversations because it supported their comprehension of difficult class concepts and materials and helped them develop confidence speaking.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of Second Life (Linden Labs, 2004) and Skype (Skype Limited, 2009) as simulated virtual professional development tools for pre-service teachers seeking endorsement in teaching English as a Second Official Language (ESOL. Second Life is an avatar-based Internet program that allows end-users to interact, using audio and chat features, with a digital representation of themselves (an avatar). Skype is an Internet-based video conferencing program that allows users to see each other by way of a webcam. Of particular interest to this study was how a group of 12 pre-service teacher education students internalized professional knowledge and if that knowledge was actually transferred into active teaching practice and professional identity development. To investigate this knowledge transfer, an exploratory case study (Yin, 2008) was conducted framed around the theories of sociocultural constructivism (Kanuka & Anderson, 1999; Vygotsky, 1978) and critical pedagogy (Freire, 1990). The components of one module from the ESOL II course that addressed hegemonic curriculum and teaching practices were recreated in Second Life and Skype or analysis. Using within-case analysis (Miles & Huberman, 1994), vignettes (Ely, Vinz, Downing, & Anzul, 1997; Spalding & Phillips, 2007), and tallied collaborative utterances (Erben 2001), developmental progressions among the pre-service teachers were examined from the beginning to the end of the module and were evaluated for their relevance to knowledge transfer and self-regulation. The interactions were also examined for instances of amplifications and reductions of pedagogic practices (Erben 1999) through collaborative dialogue (Bakhtin, 2006; Erben, 2001; Wertsch, 1991). The findings of this study suggested the positive potential of using Second Life and Skype to enable self-regulation and pedagogic transformations to occur among the participants with appropriate considerations acknowledged for the teaching audience, developmental goals, and venue of instruction.

abstract: In the last decade, the educational field, in general, has experienced increasing interest in applying augmented reality (AR) for educational purposes. Studies have shown that when AR is effectively applied in education, it can increase students’ learning interest and concentration (Zhang et al., 2014), reduce cognitive overload (Bower et al., 2014, p.1), and provide a more authentic learning experience (Klopfer, 2008). This study uses both cognitive and sociocultural theoretical perspectives to better understand the role of AR in peer interaction by investigating language-related episodes (LREs) during collaborative dialogue. The current study investigates whether mobile-based AR influence the number, nature, outcome, and correction orientation of LREs during two oral and writing-focused activities of ten advanced L2 Spanish dyads using AR and non-AR mobile applications. The results show significant differences in the incidence of LREs in both settings (AR vs non-AR) and modality focus (oral vs writing-focused). Although significant differences were found between mechanical LREs vs. lexical and grammatical LREs, no significant differences were found between lexical and grammatical LREs in both modalities and settings. Likewise, the correction orientation was similar in both modalities, whereas the LRE outcomes were significantly different in both settings. Immediate posttests were administered to determine whether participants retained the results of the LREs based on the LRE outcome types. The posttests showed a strong correlation between the recognition and production scores of the grammatical structures. However, no significant differences were found in the recognition or production of grammatical structures nor the production of lexical items between the two settings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2020

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-27T15:52:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DE FÁTIMA GONÇALVES_.pdf: 3046142 bytes, checksum: c952f0104cef4d5ae361f31ea57edc73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-27T15:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DE FÁTIMA GONÇALVES_.pdf: 3046142 bytes, checksum: c952f0104cef4d5ae361f31ea57edc73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / Milton Valente / A partir da perspectiva sociocultural (VYGOTSKY, 1986), este estudo visa a investigar as interações entre uma professora de inglês e um grupo de dezoito alunos do sexto ano do ensino fundamental de currículo bilíngue, de uma escola privada do Sul do Brasil, durante a realização de três tarefas colaborativas propostas pela docente, focalizando fatores de mediação no diálogo colaborativo (SWAIN, 2000) produzido entre os interagentes (aprendizes entre si e aprendizes-professora), bem como verificar a contribuição desse diálogo para o ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa como L2 no contexto de educação bilíngue. Esta pesquisa baseia-se em princípios qualitativos, de caráter êmico e interpretativo. A geração dos dados ocorreu por meio de gravação em áudio e vídeo das interações dos participantes, além de uma entrevista semiestruturada com os aprendizes e professora, as quais foram transcritas e analisadas. Os resultados do trabalho colaborativo, por meio das tarefas, apontam para um maior engajamento dos aprendizes, uma maior produção de inglês como L2 e uma reflexão sobre a língua, a partir do seu uso. Verificou-se que o diálogo colaborativo mediou o uso da L2 e a aprendizagem da língua, no contexto de educação bilíngue. / Supported by the sociocultural perspective (VYGOTSKY, 1986), this study aims at investigating the interaction of eighteen English learners in the sixth year of elementary bilingual education (Portuguese-English) and an English teacher at a private school in Southern Brazil, during the execution of three collaborative tasks proposed by the teacher, focusing on collaborative dialogue (SWAIN, 2000) as a mediation factor. The goal is to see how the collaborative dialogue contributes to English learning as a second language in the bilingual context. This research is guided by qualitative principles, from an emic and interpretativist view. The data derived from the interactions of the participants were audio and video as well as a semi-structured interview which were recorded and transcribed. The results of the collaborative work through the tasks points to a greater learner engagement, greater production of English as L2 and a reflection on language, from its use. It was found that the collaborative dialogue mediated the solution of linguistic issues and language learning in the bilingual education context.

Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo. / This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.

Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo. / This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.

Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo. / This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-31T00:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DéboraBusetti.pdf: 9566819 bytes, checksum: cd52ecc4c69581b16837809ffece48d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-31T00:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DéboraBusetti.pdf: 9566819 bytes, checksum: cd52ecc4c69581b16837809ffece48d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Nenhuma / À luz da teoria sociocultural (VIGOTSKY, 1978; LANTOLF, 2000,2010), e do conceito de diálogo colaborativo (SWAIN, 2000), o presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a relevância do trabalho colaborativo no ensino de língua inglesa e analisar e propor tarefas colaborativas e atividades pedagógicas para um livro didático de uma turma do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola particular da cidade de Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul. Tendo como base os critérios para análise de livros didáticos adaptados de Dias (2009) e Ramos (2009), o livro didático foi analisado, e cinco módulos foram selecionados para serem adaptados. O intuito da proposta é estimular a colaboração entre os alunos, considerando que a língua é o fio condutor, e instigá-los a serem curiosos e autônomos para irem além daquilo que é apresentado, e para olharem para o mundo que os cerca com outros olhos, com olhos de quem não aceita definições prontas e prefere refletir e questionar antes de concordar ou discordar de algum conceito. / Based on the sociocultural theory (VIGOTSKY, 1978; LANTOLF, 2000, 2010), and on the concept of collaborative dialogue (SWAIN, 2000), this work aims to discuss the relevance of the collaborative work to the teaching of English, and analyze and propose collaborative tasks and pedagogical activities for a high school English textbook of a first grade class in a private school in Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the criteria for analyzing textbooks adapted from Dias (2009) and Ramos (2009), the textbook has been analyzed, and five modules have been selected to be adapted. The aim of the proposal is to stimulate the collaboration among the students, taking into account that language is the connecting thread, and instigate them to go beyond what is presented, and look at the world that is around them with another look, with a look from someone who does not accept ready definitions and prefers to make questions before agreeing or disagreeing with any concept.