A presente dissertação apresenta a sensação na arte e no ensino. As vias escolhidas são a da pintura modernista, a da sala de aula e a da construção da casa: a vida de professora-artista-mulher. A Pintura tida como arte e filosofia, seus procedimentos, as cores e os traços, a composição. A sala de aula como espaço da aprendizagem e local de provocação de fissuras na instituição. A casa como lugar de fluxos intensos, do bando, da composição de um território. A sensação como vibração que está na obra e nos corpos. Os blocos de sensação como apresentação das forças sentidas pelo ser. Compreendendo a sensação como via da aprendizagem, este trabalho percorre seu olhar pelos caminhos da Filosofia da Diferença. Através dos autores Deleuze, Guattari, Nietzsche, Gomes, Bergson, entre outros e de pintores e suas obras, como Matisse, Klee, Kandinski, entre tantos mais. Em meio à vida, nos territórios da arte, da escola e da casa. Nos espaços do Observatório da Educação, do atelier da pintora, da casa e da sala de aula. O trabalho apresenta a ideia que aprender é pensar, e que em arte, se aprende pela sensação. / This dissertation aims at presenting the sensation in Arts and teaching. The means chosen were the modernist painting, the classroom and the building of the house: portraits of life of the teacher-artist-woman. The paintings regarded as art and philosophy, its proceedings, its colors and traces, the composition. The classroom considered as a learning environment and an institutional fissure provoking place. The house accounted as an area of intense flux, of the pack, of a territory composition. The sensation believed as a vibration which is in the piece and in the bodies. Blocks of sensations held as presentation of the forces sensed by the being. Regarding this sensation as a learning means, this work deals with the Philosophy of the Difference traits, Authors such as Deleuze, Guattari, Nietzsche, Gomes, Bergson, amongst others and pieces by painters like Matisse, Klee, Kandinski and several others were studied. Amongst life, artistic territories of the school and the house and in the environment of the “Observatório da Educação”, in the painter’s workshop, in the house and in the classroom, the idea that learning is thinking and that in Arts learning happens though sensation.

This study is an attempt to understand if backgrounds with color impact physiology and the ability of a viewer to see color.

Ce manuscrit s'attache au problème du design en photonique, à savoir déterminer la meilleure façon d'agencer des éléments nanométriques pour obtenir la réponse optique que l'on désire. Différents algorithmes sont testés. Un algorithme en particulier semble adapté à ce type de problème, et permet de retrouver des structures photoniques présentes dans la nature sur les carapaces de certains insectes ou les ailes de certains papillons. Appliqué à l'anti-reflet d'une cellule photovoltaïque, l'algorithme a permis de trouver une structure contre-intuitive mais particulièrement efficace, ce qui montre tout le potentiel de cette technique. / The present manuscript deals with the problem of the design in photonics, i.e. to determine which is the best way to assemble nanometric elements to reach a desired optical response. Different algorithms are tested. One algorithm in particular seems well adapted to this kind of problem, and allows to retrieve the most emblematic photonic structures which a present in nature on the tegument of insects or on the wings of butterflies. Applied to the case of an anti-reflective coating for a photovoltaic device, the algorithm has produced a particularly counter intuivite but efficient structure. This clearly demonstrates the potential of such an approach.

Many complicated problems have simple or at least understandable version, which can be pleasant to listen to and to think about. This work presents the reader with an interesting problem about hats, which, as it turns out, surprises with a number of variations, diversity of procedures and unexpected results. Work will (hopefully) serve as entertaining mathematical literature for anyone who wants to look at these problems, or as a good source of logical problems of this kind. The first part is therefore written in a relaxed language and style, problems are set in one (perhaps overly fairy-tale) story. Mathematics hidden behind problem solving is presented in the second part. 1

In a society where people are always making plans and running in-between places, uncontrollable scenarios, such as rain, can be read as mere obstacles to the much acclaimed ‘routine’. With a strong appreciation for unexpected events, I instead want to propose a solution to make people approach rain in a more curious way, building for it a celebrative setting. A path of analysis, research, and experimental testing led to the design of a possible transformation of a rainwater harvesting system into a lighting installation. Considering the current climate change conditions, and the severe drought situations in some areas, rain has to be interpreted today not just as a poetic phenomenon, but also as a necessary and primary resource.  In TOTEN, daylight and artificial light are combined in a dynamic storyline, with the goal to emphasize the presence or the lack of rain and to make people gain insight about the rainfall trend. While an optical illusion and colors are asked to achieve a communicative and attractive condition, the structure wants to be clean and easily affordable. Reminiscent of a totemic sculpture, TOTEN appears, in the results, as a symbolic place where light and water use their liquid shapes to tell stories.

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Résumé : L’ombre sur l’imagerie satellitaire à très haute résolution spatiale a suscité relativement peu de travaux de recherche en télédétection. La présente étude a pour objectif la détection des zones d’ombre sur l’imagerie IKONOS via l’exploitation des caractéristiques des couleurs de l’ombre. Ces caractéristiques découlent des couleurs photométriques invariantes issues des transformées couleurs. L’approche proposée a pour but d’évaluer dans un premier temps, le potentiel des transformées RGB normalisé, IHS (Intensity, Hue, Saturation), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), C[indice inférieur 1] C[indice inférieur 2] C[indice inférieur 3], L[indice inférieur 1] L[indice inférieur 2] L[indice inférieur 3] et M[indice inférieur 1] M[indice inférieur 2] M[indice inférieur 3] (Gevers and Smeulders, 1999) à discriminer les zones d’ombre. Cette évaluation s’est effectuée sur deux images simples dont la première est une image d’extérieur affectée par les effets atmosphériques, et la deuxième est une image d’intérieur, illuminée par une source de lumière artificielle. Les effets atmosphériques, notamment la dispersion, conduisent à la saturation maximale des zones d’ombre sur l’image d’extérieur. Cette conclusion a été vérifiée sur l’image IKONOS et exploitée pour développer une approche pour la détection de l’ombre sur ce genre de données. La transformée IHS a été retenue pour générer les couleurs photométriques H et S respectivement la teinte et la saturation. Deux dérivées I-S et H+l/I+1 ont été calculées. Ces dernières permettent le rehaussement des zones d’ombre sur l’image IKONOS. Trois méthodes de seuillage ont été appliquées sur les deux dérivées afin de particulariser les régions d’ombre. Les deux images finales issues du seuillage ont été fusionnées. La dernière étape de la recherche a consisté en une validation des résultats. Cette opération a démontré la robustesse de l’approche avec une précision globale moyenne de 80%. La confusion entre les zones d’ombre et les régions sombres est la principale faiblesse de l’approche proposée. Cependant, son amélioration est possible grâce à l’intégration d’autres types d’informations comme la texture et la prise en compte du voisinage. // Abstract : The shadow phenomena on the satellite imagery with very high spatial resolution has been the subject of a few research tasks in remote sensing. The aim of the present study is the detection of the shadow’s areas on IKONOS imagery with the use of the shadow’s colors characteristics. These characteristics were derived from the invariant photometric colors. The purpose of the suggested approach is to evaluate initially, the potential of normalized color RGB, IHS (Intensity, Hue, Saturation), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), C[subscript 1] C[subscript 2] C[subscript 3], L[subscript 1] L[subscript 2] L[subscript 3] et M[subscript 1] M[subscript 2] M[subscript 3] (Gevers and Smeulders, 1999) transform colors to discriminate shadow’s areas. This evaluation was carried out on two simple images whose first is an outside scene affected by the atmospheric effects, and the second is an interior one illuminated by artificial light source. The atmospheric effects, in particular dispersion, lead to the maximum saturation of shadow’s zones on the outside image. This conclusion was checked on IKONOS image and exploited to develop a method to detect the shadow on this kind of data. IHS transform was retained to generate the photometric colors hue (H) and saturation (S). Two derived images I-S and H+l/I+1 were calculated. They allow the raising of the shadow’s areas on IKONOS image. Three methods of thresholding were applied to the two derived images in order to differentiate the areas of interest. The two final images resulting from the thresholding were joined. The last stage of research consisted of a validation of the results. This operation showed the robustness of the approach with 80% of precision. Confusion between the shadow’s areas and the dark ones is the principal weakness of the suggested approach. However, this new technique can be improved by introducing other information like texture and nearest neighbor analysis.