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Magister Legum - LLM

Veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress (PTSD), compared to relative trauma-exposed veterans without PTSD, have more serious relationship problems. Research in the area of combat trauma-related symptoms and intimate partner relationships have to-date, mostly focused on identifying the negative outcomes of trauma but have not elaborated on how the symptoms themselves act as agents in negative relationship functioning. The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between combat-related PTSD symptoms of insomnia/sleep dysfunction, avoidance/emotional numbing, and intimate partner distress - specifically the mechanisms by which symptoms and distress are maintained or exacerbated. A review of combat trauma and relationship theories indicated that a newly applied theory, Conservation of Resources (COR) could account for specific combat trauma symptomology, the effects of non-PTSD intimate partners’ distress, and the course of these aspects. This study predominately utilized quantitative data for exploratory correlational research. One hundred and fifteen Canadian combat veterans completed self-administered questionnaires that included demographic characteristics, supplementary questions and the study variables: PTSD assessment, dyadic adjustment, and sleep issues. Results indicated that PTSD overall is negatively related to dyadic adjustment, and that avoidance symptoms represent the most detrimental cluster of PTSD in terms of relationship functioning. Although insomnia/sleep dysfunction was not correlated to dyadic adjustment for those with PTSD, it was identified as a contributor to negative relationship functioning through supplementary responses. The study suggests a revised Canadian PTSD prevalence rate of 29%, which is noteworthy when compared to the previous PTSD prevalence rate estimation of 10%. The application of COR theory to combat veterans and relationship functioning is supported by the results of this study. Findings of this study can aid clinicians in the enhancement of couple therapies, draw attention to the need for improved deployment screening and care provisions for military members, and contribute to the breadth of empirical literature.

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 5, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is deploying locally, regionally and internationally for peacekeeping operations and tasks other than peacekeeping. It is imperative that it succeed in these missions in order for the country, region and the world to develop. However, in order for the SANDF to realize success those responsible for the task of peacekeeping have to be combat ready, and particularly perceive themselves to be combat ready, they have to measure high on psychological wellbeing and should have no psychosocial and/or psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and social dysfunction, but must have a high level of willingness to deploy. SANDF deployment in Africa is voluntary and depends on those members who are willing to deploy to extract Africa out of the mire of squalor and poverty and conflict. It is only when there is peace that development and proper governance can be achieved, hence the need to use the SANDF as a foreign policy tool to bring about peace in Africa. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of psychological wellbeing (PWB) general health (GH) and perceived combat readiness (PCR) on willingness to deploy (WD) in the SANDF. A non-experimental, exploratory study was employed this study. Participants were drawn from the Army (n=465) from the rank of private to colonel. Participants completed valid reliable instruments measuring PWB; PCR; GH; and WD. PWB was measured in terms of self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, environmental mastery, and personal growth. PCR was measured in terms of family support, confidence (in all its dimensions), morale, and cohesion and unit discipline. GH was measured in terms of somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. WD was measured by using 12 questions with a sample question such as: “In the event of an invasion by an enemy force into the RSA, to what extent will you be willing to go into combat?” Correlation analysis was done to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine which of the independent variables contributed most to WD of members of the SANDF The results revealed a significant positive relationship between PWB (and its dimensions, except self-acceptance and positive relations with others) and WD, and PCR (and its dimensions, except unit disciple) and WD. GH was annulled for its potential not to explain any variance in the model because almost all participants scored zero on all subscales. The multiple regression analysis was in line with correlation results showing that total PCR (strongest predictor) made a significant contribution in explaining and predicting WD. PWB made a contribution in explaining and predicting WD, but not as strong as PCR. The PCR dimensions that individually contribute significantly in explaining and predicting WD are self-confidence, horizontal cohesion and confidence in the leader. The conclusion that is drawn from this study is that total PCR and total PWB contribute to willingness to deploy.

Orientador: Alberto Aggio / Banca: Adriane Vidal Costa / Banca: Marcos Sorrilha Pinheiro / Resumo: No presente trabalho buscamos investigar os fundamentos da elaboração, desenvolvimento e repercussão da ―teoria da revolução latino-americana‖ produzida pelo intelectual francês Régis Debray, especialmente a partir da análise do seu livro Revolução na Revolução, publicado em 1967. As formulações de Debray, inspiradas na revolução cubana de 1959, marcaram profundamente a cultura política da esquerda latino-americana a partir da década de 1960. Suas teses influenciaram a esquerda radicalizada regional, que adotou a luta armada como única alternativa para realização e consolidação do projeto revolucionário no continente. Régis Debray envolveu-se com a revolução cubana mais do que qualquer outro intelectual da esquerda ocidental, transformando-se em um dos seus principais ideólogos. A partir de sua experiência com os cubanos, Debray criaria a teoria do ―foco‖, e essa cumpriu, especialmente na década de 1960, o papel de uma ―teoria da revolução latino-americana‖, tendo a revolução cubana como paradigma / Abstract: In the present work, we aim at investigating the foundations of the elaboration, development and repercussion of the ―Latin American revolution theory‖, put forth by the French intellectual Régis Debray, from the analysis of his book Revolução na revolução, published in 1967, in particular. Debray's formulations, having taken inspiration in the 1959 Cuban revolution, deeply influenced the political culture of the Latin American left wing from the 1960's onward. His theses influenced the regional radicalized left wing, who adopted armed struggle as the only alternative to the realization and consolidation of the continent's revolutionary project. Régis Debray got more involved with the Cuban Revolution than any other Western left-winged intellectual, becoming one of its main ideologists. From his experience with the Cubans, Debray would create the ―foco‖ theory, which had, particularly in the 1960's, the vole of a ―Latin American revolution theory‖, having the Cuban revolution as its paradigm / Mestre

Förhållandet mellan teknik och taktik är svårt att fastställa. Klart är dock att de påverkar varandra. Uppsatsen syftar till att pröva Öhrns teori om förhållandet mellan ny teknik och taktikutvecklingen, som består av tre slutsatser som skall uppfyllas för att gynnsamma förutsättningar för taktikutveckling ska äga rum. Prövandet genomfördes genom att ställa teorin mot införandet av Stridsfordon 90 i svenska armén som slutfördes under 1990-talet. Genom att skapa hypoteser baserat på Öhrns teori har stridsfordonets roll som tekniksystem på kompani- och bataljonsnivå i svenska armén undersökts. Studien resulterade i att Öhrns teori i hög grad var tillämpbar på det valda markfallet. Stridsfordon 90 kunde konstateras vara ett för kompaniet större tekniksystem och hade en taktik som anpassats för sina speciella förmågor, kombinerat med att organisationen, Försvarsmakten, hade förutsättningar att genomföra en medveten taktikutveckling. På bataljonsnivå  kunde inte stridsfordonet klassificeras som ett större tekniksystem i förhållande till bataljonens andra tekniksystem och en märkbar taktikförändring kunde heller inte kopplas till dess införande, vilket är i enlighet med teorins resonemang. Det föreslogs att teorin specificerades i en av sina tre slutsatser för att tydliggöra att större tekniksystem är relativt i förhållande till förbandsnivå. / The connection between technology and tactics is hard to define. Although it is clear that they affect each other. The aim of this stydy is to try Öhrn’s theory about the connection between new technology and tactical development, which consists of three conclusions that must be fulfilled for favourable conditions of tactical development to exist. The trying of the theory was executed by applying it on the introduction of Stridsfordon 90 (Combat Vehicle 90) in the Swedish army that concluded in the 1990’s. By making hypotheses based on Öhrn’s theory the combat vehicle’s role as a technical system at company and battalion level in the Swedish army has been researched. The study resulted in the conclusion that Öhrn’s theory was highly applicable on the chosen case. Stridsfordon 90 was found to be a larger technical system and it used tactics adapted for its special abilities, combined with the fact that the organisation, the Swedish Armed Forces, had prerequisites for conducting an intentional development of tactics. At battalion level the combat vehicle could not be found to be a larger technical system in relation to the battalion’s other technical systems and a noticeable tactical evolvement could not be connected to its introduction, which is in accordance with the theory. It was suggested that the theory was specified in one of its conclusions to clarify that a larger technical system is relative to the unit level.

As mudanças climáticas estão provocando alterações no macro-ambiente econômico, social e regulatório. Países de todo o mundo discutem em fóruns internacionais e também internamente como tratar os impactos das mudanças do clima sobre as condições de vida da sociedade, o ecossistema e sobre a economia como um todo. As pressões regulatórias por ações empresariais de combate às mudanças do clima crescem no Brasil, como também aumentam as exigências dos consumidores. As empresas precisam adotar ações de combate às mudanças climáticas, reduzindo as suas emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE), e, ao mesmo tempo, crescer de forma sustentável. Essa pesquisa buscou entender quais são as ações de combate às mudanças do clima desenvolvidas pelas empresas localizadas no estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul, quarta economia do país. Como ferramenta de análise, quatro variáveis com dimensões e indicadores específicos foram criadas a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e investigação documental. Os dados de campo foram levantados através de pesquisa do tipo survey, com questionários aplicados, online e presencialmente, a 92 empresas, associadas à Centro das Indústrias do Rio Grande do Sul e à Câmara Americana de Comércio, com atuação em 19 setores econômicos. Os resultados mostram que o percentual de empresas que conhece a sua contribuição às mudanças do clima é baixo e, conseqüentemente, a quantidade de organizações que conhece os riscos e oportunidades impostos pelas mudanças climáticas é bastante reduzida. Exceções acontecem no setor de papel e celulose e no setor de energia, onde a prática de desenvolvimento de inventário de emissões está mais consolidada. Em geral, as empresas ainda estão em estágio inicial do desenvolvimento de uma estratégia climática, efetuando ações de redução de emissões de GEE de baixo custo dentro da própria empresa. Ações de eficiência energética, melhorias no processo operacional e utilização de tecnologias de teleconferências são as mais desenvolvidas. As organizações, em sua maioria, não efetuam ações na sua cadeia produtiva e desconhecem os instrumentos financeiros e atores externos disponíveis para auxiliá-las na implementação de ações de combate às mudanças climáticas. O aumento da competitividade, o acesso aos novos mercados e a valorização da marca são os principais fatores indutores ao desenvolvimento de uma ação de redução de emissões. Concluiu-se também que o nível de maturidade das empresas em relação às questões climáticas varia conforme o setor de atuação e que os setores químico e petroquímico e de papel e celulose são os que apresentam o maior número de empresas desenvolvendo os passos do modelo de estratégia climática apresentado por Hoffman (2006). / Climate Change is causing alteration on economic, social and legal environment. Countries around the world discuss in international forums and also internally how to treat climate change impacts over life conditions of society, ecosystem and economy as a whole. Regulatory pressure that requires business actions to combat climate change grows in Brazil, as well as it increases customers requirements. Companies need to adopt actions to address climate change, reducing their greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and, at the same time, to improve its business in a sustainable way. This research seeks to understand which business actions to address climate change are developed in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, fourth country’s economy. As an analysis tool, four variables with specific dimensions and indicators were created from a wide range literature review. Data were collected through survey research with questionnaires applied online and in person to 92 firms, associated to the Rio Grande do Sul Center of Industries and American Chamber of Commerce, which operate in 19 economic sectors. The results shows that the percentage of companies which know their contribution to climate change is low and, consequently, the quantity of organizations that knows the risks and opportunities imposed by climate change is quite low. Exceptions occur in .the pulp and paper industry and electricity sector, where emissions inventories practices is more consolidated. In general, firms are in the initial stage of climate strategy development, implementing low-cost actions of GHG emissions reductions inside the company. Energy efficiency, operational improvements and teleconference technology are the most developed actions. Organizations do not develop actions in their supply chain and they do not know financial instruments and external actors available to assist them to implement actions to combat climate change. Increase of competitiveness, access to new markets and branding are the main inducing factor for the development of an emission reduction action. It was also concluded that the companies’ maturity level related to the climate issues varies accordingly the economic sector and that pulp and paper and chemical and petrochemical industries are the sectors that present the highest number of companies developing the steps of the climate strategy model presented by Hoffman (2006).

Le système d'apartheid en Afrique du Sud, de 1948 à 1992, a notamment eu pour méthode et objectif la négation totale voire l'anéantissement de la parole de la population noire. Cette caractéristique inhérente à tout système d'oppression s'est imposée violemment en Afrique du Sud par l'institutionnalisation implacable d'un système raciste fondé sur l'exploitation de la population noire. A cette violence a répondu une résistance qui, sous diverses formes (action politique et syndicale, arts, parmi lesquels la littérature), a lutté pendant plusieurs décennies pour reconstruire une identité noire, participer à l'écriture de l'histoire et établir les fondements d'un état démocratique. La poésie s'est particulièrement manifestée, à partir des années 1960-1970, comme une force de résistance et de combat propre à créer puis animer une volonté collective de détruire les structures d'oppression. La prise de parole par les poètes, s'appuyant notamment sur les modes de l'oralité, a pu poser les enjeux cruciaux des rapports entre poétique et politique. Le mouvement de la Black Consciousness s'est donc aussi structuré dans et par une parole poétique qui a su s'emparer de la langue, des mots et des choses dans un processus dialogique. Cette dynamique ne s'est pas arrêtée lors de la transition politique de l'Afrique du Sud. Au contraire, les voix poétiques sud-africaines demeurent aujourd'hui une force disruptive et constructive à la fois, et s'affirment comme les acteurs essentiels de la déconstruction et de la production des discours de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud. A la lumière notamment des oeuvres de Frantz Fanon, il s'agit de définir des outils d'analyse et de compréhension d'une poésie qui s'est voulue pratique et expérience dans une perspective humaniste où le langage occupe une place essentielle. / From 1948 to 1992, the apartheid system in South Africa aimed at systematically denying or even destroying the black population's speech. As a parameter of any oppressive system, the denial of speech was violently and ruthlessly enforced through an institutionalised racist system based on the exploitation of the black population. A resistance movement, therefore, took shape in political movements, unions, and arts, among which literature, and fought for decades to rebuild a black identity, to take part into the writing of history and to establish the foundations of a democratic state. During the 1960s and 1970s, poetry became a considerable force of resistance and struggle, whose aim was to create and sustain the collective will to pull down the structures of oppression. The seizure of speech by poets who recycled the techniques of oral literatures allowed the identification of the crucial relationships between poetics and politics. The Black Consciousness movement was thus structured in and by a poetic speech that appropriated language, words and things through a dialogical process. In spite of major political changes, that dynamics continued during South Africa's political transition, and the poetic voices in contemporary South Africa remain a force that is both disruptive and constructive. It is therefore necessary to define and develop tools for the analysis of the Black Consciousness poetry; the works of Frantz Fanon will prove enlightening in the understanding of a poetry which was a practice and an experiment, fighting for a humanistic perspective based on language.