INTRODUCTION: The combat sports tournaments are divided by rigid strips weight, aiming to balance disputes, minimizing the differences among the competitors. One of the methods for rapid body mass loss is calorie restriction with consequent reduction of carbohydrate, which despite its efficacy has been an area of controversy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of two nutritional strategies for gradual loss of body mass with different proportions of carbohydrates among Jiu Jitsu practitioners. METHODS: Study of clinical type, with 18 practitioners of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu for two months with dietary intervention 28 days, the sample was divided into two groups (reduction of carbohydrate - R-CHO and appropriate carbohydrate - A-CHO). They assessed the nutritional status, body composition, psychological state, hormonal parameters and physical tests, and dietary monitoring. The statistical analysis used was a two-way ANOVA, with the significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS: Most practitioners (88.9%) in both groups were able to obtain the loss of body mass with fitness category (> 3%), and the consequent decrease in BMI and body fat percentage, without using dehydration. The power of the lower limbs was significantly greater after nutritional intervention for R-CHO group (Δ = 0,030). In relation to hormone data was increased T4 to R-CHO (Δ = 0,553) group and decreased Free T4 for group ACHO (Δ = -0,081). In relation to diet adherence monitoring, both groups decreased daily calories, and only the R-CHO group had a significant decrease in carbohydrate without decreasing frequency of training and without a change in mood. CONCLUSION: Participants undergo a diet with reduced carbohydrate and regular training, got lost effective body mass without negative change in physical performance and minimizing hormonal changes. / INTRODUÇÃO: Os esportes de combate nos torneios são divididos por faixas rígidas de peso, visando equilibrar as disputas, minimizando as diferenças entre os competidores. Um dos métodos para perda de massa corporal rápida é a restrição calórica com consequente diminuição do carboidrato, que apesar da sua eficácia tem sido uma área de controvérsia. OBJETIVO: analisar o efeito de duas estratégias nutricionais para perda de massa corporal gradual com diferentes proporções de carboidratos entre praticantes de Jiu jitsu. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo clínico, com 18 praticantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, durante dois meses com intervenção dietética de 28 dias, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos (redução de carboidrato – R-CHO e adequado carboidrato - A-CHO). Foram avaliados o estado nutricional, composição corporal, estado psicológico, parâmetros hormonais e testes físicos, além de monitoramento dietético. A análise estatística utilizada foi a Anova two-way, tendo como nível de significância p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos praticantes (88,9%) de ambos os grupos conseguiram obter a perda de massa corporal com adequação da categoria (>3%), e consequente diminuição do IMC e do percentual de gordura, sem utilizar da desidratação. A potência de membros inferiores foi significativamente maior após intervenção nutricional para o grupo de R-CHO (Δ = 0,030). Já em relação aos dados hormonais houve aumento do T4 para o grupo R-CHO (Δ = 0,553) e diminuição de T4 livre para o grupo A-CHO (Δ = -0,081). Em relação ao monitoramento de adesão da dieta, ambos os grupos diminuíram calorias diárias, e apenas o grupo R-CHO teve diminuição significativa do carboidrato, sem diminuir frequência de treinos e sem alteração do humor. CONCLUSÃO: Os participantes submetidos a uma dieta com redução de carboidrato e treinamento regular, obteve perda de massa corporal eficaz, sem alteração negativa de desempenho físico e minimizando alterações hormonais.

O presente estudo buscou analisar a participação política e engajamento na luta armada de militares dissidentes das Forças Armadas. No período anterior ao golpe civil militar de 1964 que derrubou o governo do presidente João Goulart, vivenciaram com grande intensidade uma contradição entre seu papel de militar, idealizado pelas instituições, de mantenedor da ordem social vigente, e as aspirações e lutas de sua classe de origem. Esses militares foram cassados ou deixaram as Forças Armadas após o golpe, outros permaneceram na ativa e foram presos por estarem ligados a grupos armados. Todos combateram o desenvolvimento econômico nacional baseado no sistema capitalista associado e dependente e vislumbraram, no sistema socialista, uma alternativa de organização mais justa e digna. O golpe militar teve um grande impacto destrutivo nas suas trajetórias de vida e eles encontraram, na luta armada, uma maneira de dar continuidade às suas atividades e aspirações políticas. Organizações de esquerda como o MNR e a VPR, principalmente pela capacidade de organização e aglutinação do sargento do Exército Onofre Pinto, representaram uma resistência concreta contra a dispersão desses agentes políticos, provocada pelos órgãos repressivos. / The present study looked to analyse the political participation and commitment in the armed combat of military dissidents of the Armed Strength. In the period previous to the civil military blow of 1964 that knocked down the government of president João Goulart, they survived with great intensity a contradiction between his soldier\'s paper, idealized by the institutions, of bread-winner of the social order in force and the aspirations and struggles of his class of origin. These soldiers were revoked or they left the Strength Armed after the blow, others remained in the active service and were imprisoned because of being tied to armed groups. They all fought the economical national development based on the capitalist associate and dependent system and glimpsed, in the socialist system, the most just alternative of organization and worthy. The military blow had a great destructive impact in his trajectories of life and they found, in the armed combat, a way of giving continuity to his activities and political aspirations. Left-wing organizations as the MNR and the VPR, principally for the capacity of organization and agglutination of the sergeant of the Army Onofre Pinto, represented a concrete resistance against the dispersal of these political agents, provoked by the repressive organs.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T18:11:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO A POESIA DE COMBATE EM NOEMIA DE SOUSA - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE - FINAL- 30 .pdf: 759744 bytes, checksum: f687903e8d8612d8c5b003e87648b01d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-12T16:51:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO A POESIA DE COMBATE EM NOEMIA DE SOUSA - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE - FINAL- 30 .pdf: 759744 bytes, checksum: f687903e8d8612d8c5b003e87648b01d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T16:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO A POESIA DE COMBATE EM NOEMIA DE SOUSA - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE - FINAL- 30 .pdf: 759744 bytes, checksum: f687903e8d8612d8c5b003e87648b01d (MD5) / A partir do Princípio da Solidariedade, busco analisar os aspectos significativos da poesia de Noémia de Sousa, constantemente assinalados pela crítica à sua obra, e aos quais não poderei escapar. Detenho-me aos aspectos negritudinistas presentes em seus textos, bem como à questão da resistência e à influência que pode ter em sua escrita. Como corpus de análise foram selecionados poemas que denunciam predominantemente a violência promovida pelo processo colonial, do livro Sangue Negro (SOUSA, 2001). Assim, as minhas reflexões estarão diretamente ligadas à questão do “novo humanismo”, destacando o sentimento de se encontrar engajado em uma mesma ação, de confrontar a mesma adversidade, de compartilhar os mesmos sofrimentos, aprofundando, ainda mais, o sentimento de solidariedade. Por isso, correlaciono o aspecto cultural, econômico e o político, expondo que, se, por um lado, a dominação colonial atua de tal modo, que oblitera a existência do povo submisso através de estratégias de negação da identidade nacional, por outro, não se pode olvidar os escritores que foram responsáveis pela maturação das ideias de resistência, tendo em vista que uma das tarefas dos intelectuais consiste na contraposição ao silêncio ou a passividade através da Literatura de Combate / Starting from the Principle of Solidarity, I seek to analyze the significant aspects of the poetry of Noémia de Sousa, constantly marked by criticism of her work, and to which I cannot escape. I dwell on the negritudinist aspects present in his texts, as well as the question of resistance and the influence she can have on her writing. As a corpus of analysis, the poems that predominantly denounced the violence promoted by the colonial process were selected from the book Sangue Negro (SOUSA, 2001). Thus, my reflections will be directly linked to the question of the "new humanism", highlighting the feeling of being engaged in the same action, of facing the same adversity, of sharing the same sufferings, deepening even more the feeling of solidarity. Therefore, I correlate the cultural, economic and political aspects, stating that if, on the one hand, colonial domination acts in such a way that obliterates the existence of the submissive people through strategies of denial of national identity, on the other, can forget the writers who were responsible for the maturation of ideas of resistance, since one of the tasks of the intellectuals consists in opposition to silence or passivity through Combat literature

Saab Training Systems är ett företag i Saab-koncernen som utvecklar, tillverkar och marknadsför produkter för militär utbildning. Ett av de centrala systemen i företagets produktportfölj är det instrumenterade stridsträningskonceptet GAMER, i vilket soldater kan öva dubbelsidig träning samtidigt som övningsledningen via ett centralt styrsystem kan övervaka och interagera i övningsförloppet. I och med den övergång som skett i många av världens försvarsmakter, från ett tungt territorialförsvar till ett välutbildat insatsförsvar har kraven på den enskilda soldatens förmågor höjts avsevärt. Samtidigt har det även skett en övergång gällande den generella hotbilden, från att tidigare ha utgjorts av en annan militärmakt, till paramilitära grupperingar som ofta bedriver en gerillaliknande krigsföring. Dessa två faktorer innebär att även förutsättningarna för soldatutbildningen har förändrats. Som ett led i anpassningen till dessa förändringar utreds i denna rapport möjligheterna att utveckla soldaternas audiella upplevelse i GAMER. Detta för att skapa ökade förutsättningar för en komplett upplevelsebaserad inlärning, som inte bara övar soldatens förmåga att använda sig av den taktiska information som ljudbilden förmedlar, utan även förbereder soldaterna på bästa sätt för den främmande miljö som dagens militära insatser ofta innebär. Inledningsvis genomförs en ljudcentrerad användningsfallsanalys av en uppsättning grundläggande övningsscenarion. Genom denna analys skapas en uppfattning om vilka ljud som är önskvärt att kunna reproducera i ett träningssystem. Detta jämförs sedan med de ljudåtergivningsfunktioner som redan finns i GAMER för att därmed kunna utröna vilka kompletterande ljudåtergivningsfunktioner som skulle vara önskvärt att införa i systemet. För att skapa maximala förutsättningar för en sådan vidareutveckling genomförs även en aktör-nätverksanalys på det sociotekniska nätverk som GAMER är en del av. Detta ökar möjligheten att framställa en produkt som inte bara är en teknikdeterministisk härledning, utan även tar hänsyn till faktorer som utvecklings- och produktionskostnad, intern know-how, kundkrav och konkurrenssituationen. Slutligen presenteras ett förslag för den fortsatta utvecklingen, som tagits fram utifrån de explicita och implicita krav som identifierats i analysprocessen. Lösningen som förordas är ett dynamiskt ljudstyrsystem som med indata från redan existerande funktioner i GAMER kan projicera artificiella ljudkällor på övningsområdet. Detta åstadkoms med ljudkanaler på fasta positioner på övningsområdet från vilka ljudkällorna reproduceras genom användning av vedertagen ljudåtergivningsteori. I förslaget ingår även en egenkonstruerad vidareutveckling av stereopanoreringstekniken vilken möjliggör ljudåtergivning för multipla rörliga övningsdeltagare. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities to extend the use of artificial sound in the GAMER Combat Training System. This in order to enhance the experience based learning, which in turn will result in a better preparation for live missions and also increase the commercial value of the training system. The study is executed through a use case analysis of a set of basic urban combat training exercises to establish which sounds are desired to reproduce a realistic training environment. The result of the use case analysis is then compared with the present audio functionality of the system in order to determine which functions are in need of improvement or to be added. To create optimal conditions for the implementation of an enhanced audio functionality, further an actor-network theory based analysis was conducted on the socio-technical network surrounding the GAMER system. By doing this, not only the technical aspects was taken account for, but also factors s such as customer needs, internal interests and competing companies which all are certain to have an impact of the developmental process and thereby the success of the outcome. Finally an outline is presented for the continued development, which is compiled from the explicit and implicit requirements identified in the empirical analysis. The proposed solution is a dynamic audio control system which uses already existing input functions in order to project artificial sound sources on arbitrary positions within the training area. The projections are produced from static audio channels placed on strategic positions, using well-recognized theories for spatial sound restoration. The proposition also includes a further development of the stereo panning theory to enable realistic sound projections for multiple mobile exercise participants.

War inevitably impacts on the lives of soldiers who participate in them. The impact often suggests a negative nature, leaving some soldiers with permanent physical and emotional scars. Some soldiers will return from war suffering from several psychological disorders as the result of their exposure to combat trauma. Pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety and mood disorders are not uncommon. Yet, for others war has provided them with numerous positive experiences from which they can find meaning for themselves. It was Aaron Antonovsky who developed the idea of salutogenesis, mainly focussing on the psychological factors that allow individuals to find meaning in their adversity. This study attempts to investigate the impact of service rendered in the South African Special Forces during the Angolan war on current levels of well-being and sense of coherence amongst former Special Forces members. It is commonly known that these soldiers were exposed to severe battle related conditions, often working behind enemy lines for unknown periods of time whilst being self-reliant. It would seem that most of these soldiers have adapted adequately to society 15 years after their participation in the Angolan war (South Africa’s “Border War”). Some of these soldiers have achieved success in many different ways after leaving Special Forces. Some have embarked into the world of business and others chose professional careers and then there are those who became successful entrepreneurs. A sample of 32 respondents was collected. All of the respondents were members of the South African Special Forces during the Angolan war but have resigned since. The respondents were requested to complete a questionnaire consisting of a biographical information section, Antonovsky’s 13-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and Diener’s Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The purpose was to determine the respondents’ current sense of coherence and level of well-being and to determine to what extent service in Special Forces has contributed to these levels. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Inferential statistics included Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman correlation coefficient and the t-test. Analysis of data suggests that the sample currently measures high on both levels of sense of coherence and well-being. The means of both OLQ and SWLS of this sample compare higher to any other samples they were administered to. However, statistically no clear correlation could be determined between service rendered in Special Forces and current levels of well-being. Respondents did however indicate that they feel that their service in Special Forces did have a positive impact on their lives and their current levels of functioning. / Dissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Introduction: Licensed medical personnel (henceforth LMP) experience ethical problems related to undertaking care duties in combat zones. When employed in the Armed Forces they are always under the command of tactical officers (henceforth TOs). Aim: The overall aim was to explore everyday ethical problems experienced by military medical personnel, focusing on licensed medical personnel in combat zones from a descriptive and normative perspective. A further aim was to explore leadership challenges in leading licensed medical personnel. Methods: For the research descriptive, explorative (inductive and abductive) and normative designs were used. Data collection was undertaken by using different methods. Altogether 12 physicians, 15 registered nurses, seven combat lifesavers and 15 tactical officers were individually interviewed. The participants were selected by strategic (I), purposive (II) and theoretical sampling (III). The interviews were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Study III used classic grounded theory and study IV was a normative analysis of an ethical problem based on the idea of a wide reflective equilibrium. Results: We found that LMP experience ethical problems related to dual loyalty when serving in combat zones. They give reasons for undertaking, or not, military duties that can be seen as combat duties. Sometimes they have restricted reasons for undertaking these military duties. Furthermore, LMP are under the command of TOs who found it challenging when leading LMP, since TOs have to unify LMP in the unit. The unifying makes it difficult since LMP experience dual loyalty. Conclusions: LMP experience dual loyalty in combat zones. The reason maybe that humanitarian law and the medical ethical codes are not clear-cut or explicit about how to be interpreted around these everyday ethical problems in internal military operations. In order to fit in todays context humanitarian law needs to be revised. Furthermore, LMP need further training in parallel with reflections on ethical problems in order to adapt to the combat zones of today.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Actually, the increase on combat sport practitioners, as such the changing among modality is evident. Therefore, it is important to investigate which real motivations to practice of such sports. Additionally identify personality characteristics of these athletes is important because this variable could be influence on competition performance. The aim of the current study was to identify the motivations for sports and main personality characteristics and finally, to correlate the two variables. To do so were evaluated 150 athletes, age over 18 years, of both sexes, from four combat sports (Boxing, Wrestling, Judo and Taekwondo). Two instruments were used: Scale of Reasons for Sports Practice (SRSP) and the model of Big Five Personality (BFP). The results showed that, on motivational dimensions, skills with higher scores were health and technical, indicating the great importance that these variables have to combat sports athletes. The results showed that personality of Combat sports athletes had as a major feature of Kindness. Finally, after correlate the motivation to sports with personality characteristics in combat sports athletes, we conclude that there is no correlation between the variables studied. / Atualmente o crescimento no número de praticantes de esporte de combate, bem como a rotatividade entre modalidade é evidente. Portanto é importante investigar quais as reais motivações para a prática desse tipo de esporte. Adicionalmente identificar características de personalidade desses atletas também é importante, pois essa variável também pode exercer influência no desempenho durante uma competição. O presente estudo objetivou identificar as motivações para a prática esportiva, as principais características de personalidade e por fim, correlacionar as duas variáveis. Para isso foram avaliados 150 atletas de 4 modalidades de esportes de combate (Boxe, Luta Olímpica, Judô e Taekwondo) com idade superior a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: Escala sobre Motivos para a Prática Esportiva (EMPE) e o modelo de Cinco Grandes Fatores da Personalidade (CGF). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as dimensões motivacionais que receberam maior pontuação foram saúde e técnica, apontando o quanto essas variáveis têm importância para atletas de esportes de combate. Quanto aos traços de personalidade, podemos afirmar que os atletas praticantes de esportes de combate possuem como característica de personalidade mais pontuada a Amabilidade. Por fim, correlacionando o tipo de motivação à prática esportiva aos traços de personalidade em atletas de esporte de combate, concluímos que não há correlação entre as variáveis estudadas.

One of the most important ways to understand Olivier Messiaen’s musical language is through the lens of the theological ideas that many of his works convey. He considers expressing his Christian faith to be the primary purpose in his music. Through his idiosyncratic technique, Messiaen gives power and life to his religious music that he combines with his interest in literature, musical analysis, poetic imagery and symbolism, his love for theatre, and his compositional and organ abilities. The abundant studies of Messiaen’s works deal with the intricacies of his musical language, yet most of these studies barely discuss his theological ideas. Nevertheless, technical analysis of his music poses immense challenges, especially in the domains of melody and harmony. Although my approach is unconventional and do not follow any existing system, I base my technical and theological analyses mainly from Messiaen's technique, his commentaries and his references to the Scriptures. The “Combat de la mort et de la vie” is the heart of Les Corps glorieux in both technical and theological aspects. It is an intricate musical artwork where Messiaen demonstrates his melodic and harmonic developments using his idiosyncratic language, and through symbolism portrays the most complex of all drama according to Christian theology—the story of Jesus Christ's Passion and Resurrection. My research can relate directly to a more informed and convincing performance of the work, and can contribute a different perspective to the study, understanding, and appreciation of Messiaen's theologically inspired works.

Helt självkörande fordon är inte längre en utopi eller något som man ser på film. Redan idag finns fullt fungerande prototyper och flera tillverkare påstår sig ha fullt självkörande fordon redan on några år. Autonomi bedöms civilt kunna ge upphov till flera resurseffektiviseringar inom vägtransportområdet. En kapacitetsökning av förmågan till förbandstransporter av stridsfordonsförband, samt en ökning av uthållighet, transportförmåga och tillgänglighet är faktorer som Försvarsmaktens perspektivstudie (2018) och Försvarsberedningens rapport, Värnkraft (2019) anser borde prioriteras fram till 2025.  I denna komparativa prediktionsstudie har tre olika alternativ av autonomi jämförts med hjälp av Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), för att analysera vilken grad av autonomi som har störst militär nytta för stridsfordonstransporter. Utgångspunkt för studien har varit utifrån ett scenario där förbandstransport av en mekaniserad bataljon genomförts. Som ingångsvärden för studien har litteraturstudier och intervjuer utifrån tekniken, autonominoch militära kontexten nyttjats. Resultatet indikerar att autonomi har militär nytta vid operativa stridsfordonstransporter genom att den taktiska tillgängligheten, operativa rörligheten och transportkapaciteten ökas. Möjlighet till autonomi minskar transporttiden vilket medger längre tid till förberedelser i insatsområdet för förbandet som transporterades. / Self-driving vehicles are no longer a utopian idea or something that you see in the movies. Today there are already fully functioning prototypes and several manufacturers claim they will have fully self-driving vehicles in just a few years’ time. In the civilian world, this new technology is expected to be capable of generating several resource efficiencies in road transportation. Increased capacity in unit combat vehicle transport capability and an increase in endurance, transportability and availability are factors that the Armed Forces' Perspective Study, as well as the Swedish Ministry of Defence´s study report Värnkraft, considers should be prioritized by 2025. In this comparative study, three different autonomy options have been compared, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to analyse what degree of autonomy has the greatest military utility for combat vehicle transport. The starting point of the study was based on a scenario where the transportation of a mechanized battalion had been carried out. The sources of information ​​for the study were literature studies and interviews based on technology, autonomy and the military context. The results indicate some degree of autonomy has military utility in the long-distance transportation of combat vehicles, by increasing tactical availability, operational mobility and transport capacity. Autonomy reduces transport time, allowing longer preparation time for the transported unit in the combat zone.

The study deals with European medieval contact combat, which is often unjustly overlooked and underestimated. It places medieval wrestling and the techniques of medieval hand-to-hand combat systems into the wider context of global development and qualitatively assesses their technical level. In historiographical literature, martial arts used by medieval wrestlers, just like any other medieval martial arts, are often regarded as a mere connecting link between the advanced ancient combat and complex Renaissance combat systems. However, such assessment is rather the result of logical premises, not a detailed analysis. The study does not regard medieval combat as a complete and imperfect interlude on its way towards ever-more perfect formations. On the contrary, the study aims to find and explore several phases and systems, various qualitative levels that medieval combat systems went through and which emerged from the heterogeneous conditions of different time epochs. The study will explain the reasons of the transformation from ancient combat activities into medieval systems and it will reveal and explain their particular forms and contents on specific examples. It will also stress the fact that each peak phase of development of any martial art fully meets the needs of the war field and self-defence...