Nowadays, the aviation technology has become much reliable than ever, and air transportation is by far the best choice for long distance transportation. Airports serve as the flight nodes for air transportation, and the construction and development of airports are often considered as the most important development plans of the entire country or the local government. The huge amount of cost for constructing an airport and the long (usually more than fifty years) life cycle demand a comprehensive plan in the initial stage of an airport construction. Underestimating the transportation demand of the airport may make it difficult to extend the airport in the future and affect its subsequent operations. On the other hand, overestimating the transportation demand of the airport may result in over-investment and poor operation performance. Around the world, airports are often considered as enterprises. The governments and airport administrators have begun to pay attention to the operation performance of airports and adopt every indicator of the conduct in order to carry on the performance assessment. By doing so, they hope to reduce the operating cost, increase profit, and enlarge their competition advantages. Of the indicators of the operation performance, yearly enplanement has widely been considered as a key indicator. This research collected the data pertaining to commercial airports in the mainland of the United States whose yearly enplanements are over 2,500 passengers. It employs statistical method and decision tree to analyse the relationship between the population change of the metropolitan (population, density of population, population change, etc.) and the yearly enplanement change of airports. Also, we discuss the relationship among the number of airports in a metropolitan, the distance from an airport to the closest business center, the distance from the airport to another nearest airport, and the yearly enplanement change of the airport.

This thesis focuses on the development of commercial opportunities and public services in the town of Strakonice. The main aim was to carry out marketing research of people and businesses of the city, leading the interviews with the mayor and city project manager. The last part was a SWOT analysis and then selected the circumstances and opportunities in selected areas of development.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse commercial servises in the area Zlatý vrch and suggest the possible solutions of their develepment. The literary part, in which the basic terms of the topic are characterized, was written first. These terms are then used in the practical part. Subsequently, the situation analysis, where the whole territory is mapped, was worked out. Futhermore, the survey of the businesmen and also interwiews with the mayors of each municipality were carried out. SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was prepared on the basis of these analyses. At the end, I proposed my own suggestions for the expansion of commercial services, which arise from the three main priorities: turism, business and environment.

This thesis is concerned with problems of services. It examines possibilities and conditions of development of commercial services in a microregion Věnec. The area analyzed in this research work is a free municipality association Věnec that includes 6 individual villages situated in region of Prachatice (Čkyně, Bohumilice, Bošice, Lčovice, Svatá Maří a Zálezly) which are situated in a district of South Bohemia. A double questionnaire investigation was used to get information. First of all attitudes of mayors were collected and after it attitudes of enterprise subjects working in the free municipality association. This work is also involved in a research project ZF JU MSM 600766 5806. The aim of this work was to specify and qualify conditions of development of commercial services in a given area. To find ways and new possibilities which would lead to bigger satisfaction of inhabitants (inhabitants providing and using services as well). To manage to effectively exploit collected data to reveal entire lacks at a structure and composition of services (from views of local enterprises). The research work ended in making a SWOT analyze and ways of possible solution of revealed problems were sketched out. The results of the research proved that microregion should better target the tourism in these ways: to complete personal services, accommodation facilities, cash dispenser etc., to improve the state of land parkways and bike-paths, to try to attract new investors and so increase the amount of working opportunities for mainly the younger generation, not to be afraid of cooperation and make more effort to gain grants or subsidies from European Union.

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The space industry is currently undergoing a significant servitization-shift as space agencies globally are transitioning from the government-led product-oriented procurement approach, that has been the standard for decades, to a more commercial service-oriented procurement approach. The purpose of the thesis is to identify what challenges exists within servitization in European space exploration and translate these into related improvement areas for the service-oriented procurement approach adopted by the European Space Agency (ESA). The thesis adopts a qualitative case-study approach where four different commercial services, developed through a commercial partnership between ESA and private enterprises, are being studied. In total, the study identifies 21 challenges across three different life-cycle stages for the commercial services. First, the study identifies cultural challenges for both the space agency and industry as they struggle in transitioning to a service culture from the existing culture that is strongly linked with the traditional approach. Second, the study also identifies several challenges related to how the processes established within the frame of the commercial partnership are currently inadequate to support the transition to commercial services. In particular, the study highlights knowledge gaps related to business planning and marketing, insufficient processes to ensure a balance in cost and quality incentives and high barriers of entry for SMEs. Finally, the study identifies relational challenges with regards to the collaboration between the space agency and the commercial partner. The results indicate that the collaboration between ESA and the commercial partners currently lack the necessary transparency and efficiency in collaboration needed to succeed with servitization. In order to resolve these challenges, the study proposes 21 different improvement areas for ESA in relation to its commercialisation initiative. In particular, the thesis highlights process improvements related to the choice of procurement approach, development of business plans, evaluation of upfront commitment to utilization and visibility into the service design. The thesis concludes by highlighting the need for continued work with development of improvements. The thesis results serve as a starting point for developing a future approach of planning and managing development of commercial services within space exploration. / Rymdindustrin genomgår för närvarande en betydande tjänstefiering där rymdorganisationer globalt övergår från en statligt styrd produkt-orienterad tjänste-orienterad upphandlingsmetod. Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera vilkautmaningar som finns inom tjänstefiering i europeisk rymdutforskning samt vilka relaterade förbättringsområden som följaktligen finns inom den tjänste-orienterade upphandlingsmetod som European Space Agency (ESA) har antagit. Examensarbetet baseras på en fallstudie där fyra olika kommersiella tjänster, utvecklade genom ett kommersiellt partnerskap mellan ESA och privata företag, studeras. Studien identifierar totalt sett 21 utmaningar över tre olika livscykelfaser för de kommersiella tjänsterna. För det första identifierar studien kulturella utmaningar för både rymdorganisationen och industrin upplever svårigheter i att övergå från den befintliga kulturen som starkt är kopplad till den traditionella metoden till en tjänste-orienterad kultur. För det andra identifierar studien även flera utmaningar relaterade till hur processerna som etablerats inom ramen för det kommersiella partnerskapet för närvarande är otillräckliga för att stödja övergången till kommersiella tjänster. Studien lyfter särskilt fram kunskapsluckor inom affärsplanering och marknadsföring, otillräckliga processer för att säkerställa balans mellan kostnads- och kvalitetsincitament samt höga inträdeshinder för små och medelstora företag. Slutligen identifierar studien relationsmässiga utmaningar med avseende på samarbetet mellan rymdorganisationen och den kommersiella partnern. Resultaten indikerar att samarbetet mellan ESA och industrin idag saknar den nödvändiga transparensen och effektiviteten i samarbetet som krävs för att lyckas med tjänstefiering. För att lösa dessa utmaningar föreslår studien 21 olika förbättringsområden för ESA i relation till dess kommersialiseringsinitiativ. Särskilt framhävs processförbättringar relaterade till val av upphandlingsmetod, utveckling av affärsplaner, utvärdering av tidiga åtaganden för utnyttjande och insyn i tjänstedesignen. Examensarbetet avslutas med att betona behovet av fortsatt arbete med utveckling av förbättringar. Resultaten utgör en startpunkt för att utveckla en framtida strategi för planering och hantering av utvecklingen av kommersiella tjänster inom rymdutforskning.